粉防己碱对大鼠膀胱平滑肌的药理作用

研究植物源性钙通道阻滞剂粉防己碱（Ｔｅｔ）对大鼠膀胱平滑肌的作用。结果发现,在整体实验中,Ｔｅｔ８ｍｇ／ｋｇ灌胃能在较少影响血压、心率的情况下,降低膀胱平滑肌的收缩力（Ｐ＜０．０１）。在离体实验中,Ｔｅｔ（１０、３０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）能浓度依赖性地非竞争性抑制由ＫＣｌ引起的大鼠正常和肥厚膀胱平滑肌的收缩反应,ＰＤ２′值分别为４．３５和３．７９。在连续每ｄ灌胃Ｔｅｔ８ｍｇ／ｋｇ６周后,能减轻膀胱重量并改善形态学变化,且明显降低膀胱对外源性激动剂如ＫＣｌ的反应性（Ｐ＜０．０１）。提示Ｔｅｔ在治疗某些泌尿系统疾病如膀胱激惹综合征等有一定的应用前景     

动态血压监测临床价值研究

目的：研究动态血压监测在高血压诊断、判断左室肥厚及指导临床用药中的作用。方法：应用动态血压监测和超声心动图检查６２例正常血压,６４例原发性高血压及４例继发性高血压。结果：动态血压均值小于偶测血压均值（Ｐ＜０．０１）,白大衣性高血压占１０％。动态血压负荷可区分不同时期高血压（Ｐ＜０．０５）,血压正常组、高血压Ⅰ期组存在昼高夜低昼夜节律。高血压Ⅱ、Ⅲ期及继发性高血压昼夜节律消失。非杓型高血压与左室重量及重量指数相关性较杓型高血压为好（Ｐ＜０．０５）,硝苯啶时程投药疗效更好（Ｐ＜０．０５）。硝苯啶缓释片不受投药时程限制（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论：动态血压监测在临床上对高血压诊断、分期、判断左室肥厚及指导用药有重要价值     

前列腺肥大组织中肥大细胞的光镜与电镜研究

本研究对２６ 例前列腺肥大组织进行了光镜与电镜研究。结果发现：①前列腺肥大组织中的肥大细胞全部为阿辛蓝阳性,并可见肥大细胞呈明显的脱颗粒现象;②肥大细胞颗粒的亚微结构为相互分离的涡卷状、串珠状或细粒状;③ＴＢ长染、ＡＢ－ Ｓ长染与相应的短染相比,肥大细胞的数量明显增多且具有显著性差异。结果提示：在前列腺肥大组织中的肥大细胞主要为Ｔ 型肥大细胞且具有异质性     

洛沙坦抗高血压及左室肥厚的疗效观察

目的 :观察血管紧张素 受体拮抗剂—洛沙坦的降压效果及对高血压病合并左室肥厚的影响。方法 :4 6例合并左室肥厚的 期高血压病患者服用洛沙坦 5 0 mg/ d,观察其血压的变化及治疗前和 6个月后左室质量 (L VM)。结果 :用洛沙坦后 4 d～ 6d血压开始下降 ,2周血压趋向正常 ,4周血压继续缓慢下降 ,6周时达到最大降压效果。 L VM在 12周时无明显变化。 2 4周表现轻度 L VM减少。结论 :洛沙坦是抗高血压的一个有效治疗药物 ,对左心室肥厚有轻度逆转作用     

Left ventricular hypertrophy and geometry in a population sample of elderly males

BACKGROUND: Recent studies have shown that left ventricular geometric adaptationto hypertension is complex. The spectrum of geometric adaptationsin a general population and its relationship to systolic anddiastolic function has, however, not been investigated. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: This echocardiographic and Doppler study investigated the relationshipsbetween left ventricular geometric shape (normal, concentricremodelling, concentric hypertrophy and eccentric hypertrophy)and left ventricular systolic and diastolic function in a populationsample of 584 males aged 70 in Uppsala, Sweden. The influencesof hypertension, coronary heart disease and diabetes mellituswere also evaluated. RESULTS: Sixteen percent of the healthy population (n=167) demonstratedthe presence of left ventricular hypertrophy (mainly eccentric).Subjects with hypertension (n=115) showed an increased leftventricular mass (eccentric left ventricular hypertrophy 31%,concentric left ventricular hypertrophy 15%), when comparedwith healthy subjects (P<0.001). Subjects with coronary heartdisease (n=32) without hypertension also showed an increasedleft ventricular mass (most often eccentric) (P<0.05). UsingDoppler determinations of cardiac index, no differences werefound in cardiac index between the geometric groups. Raisedtotal peripheral resistance, increased blood pressure and enlargedleft atrium were found in both concentric and eccentric leftventricular hypertrophy (P<0.01–0.05). Disturbed diastolicfunction was seen with a prolongation of the isovolumic relaxationtime in eccentric (P<0.01) and increased atrial-dependentleft ventricular filling in concentric left ventricular hypertrophy(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Alterations in left ventricular geometry were common in thispopulation-based study of elderly males, both in healthy subjectsand in subjects with hypertension or coronary heart disease.Raised total peripheral resistance and left ventricular diastolicdysfunction were common findings in both concentric and eccentricleft ventricular hypertrophy.     

Proceedings of the Symposium ‘Angiotensin AT1 Receptors: From Molecular Physiology to Therapeutics’: STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN THE RENAL VASCULATURE IN THE SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE RAT: NO EFFECT OF ANGIOTENSIN II BLOCKADE

• 1 There is strong evidence for a renal basis to the development of hypertension in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). Alterations of the SHR renal vasculature, including the glomerulus, may be involved in the initiation and maintenance of hypertension in this animal model.
• 2 The arterial walls of pre-glomerular vessels of the SHR are hypertrophied compared with WKY vessels. Unlike other vascular beds in the SHR, this hypertrophy is independent of angiotensin II (AngII).
• 3 Glomerular number and volume are similar between SHR and the normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. These results provide no support for the theory that a reduced filtration surface area within the kidneys of the SHR contributes to the elevated blood pressure in these animals.
• 4 Intrarenal hypertrophy may have similar haemodynamic consequences to clipping of the main renal artery, as in Goldblatt hypertension. Further analysis of the role of pre-glomerular arterial hypertrophy is warranted to determine its involvement in the initiation and maintenance of hypertension in the SHR.

     

Relationship of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring data to echocardiographic findings in haemodialysis patients

BACKGROUND: The present study was performed to assess the value of ambulatoryblood pressure monitoring (ABPM) in determining the adequacyof blood pressure (BP) control, and its relationship to echocardiographicfindings in haemodialysis (HD) patients. METHODS: We studied 40 non-diabetic adult patients who had been on regularHD treatment for a median duration of 43 months. Twenty-four-hourABPM was performed using a non-invasive ABP monitor (Pressurescan,ERKA). Casual BP (cBP) was defined as the average of two measurementsobtained at two HD sessions, one preceding and one followingthe ABP recordings, and was calculated for both the predialysisand postdialysis phases. Two-dimensional and M-mode echocardiographywere performed in each patient to determine interventricularseptal thickness (IVS), left ventricular posterior wall thickness(LVPW), left ventricular fractional shortening (FS), and leftventricular mass index (LVMI) RESULTS: According to average 24-h BP levels, 50% of the patients hadsystolic hypertension (HT) (>139 mmHg), and 72.5% had diastolicHT (>87 mmHg), while only 25% had been diagnosed as HT bycBP measurements (P>0.01 and P>0.0001 respectively). Diurnalvariation in BP was not present in about 80% of the patients.Echocardiography was normal in only four patients (10%). LVMIand LV wall thickness were correlated to ABPM data better thanto cBP measurements. Using stepwise linear regression analysis,LVMI and FVS were positively correlated with systolic BP load(P> 0.0001 and P=0.0001 respectively), and LVPW was positivelycorrelated with night-time systolic BP level (P>0.001). CONCLUSIONS: ABPM is necessary to assess the adequacy of BP control, andis well correlated to end-organ damage of HT in HD patients.     

Hypertension in the elderly: Age- and disease-related complications and therapeutic implications

Summary Effective treatment of hypertension in the elderly requires an understanding of both the progressive course of the disease and the impact of aging on the cardiovascular system, including physiological, genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors. Review of the literature that has attempted to define the impact of an aging process on cardiovascular structure and function reveals a diversity of findings and interpretations. However, in general, normotensive elderly subjects exhibit the heart and vascular characteristics of muted hypertension, including many features of younger hypertensive patients: cardiac hypertrophy, diminution in resting left ventricular early diastolic filling rate, increased arterial stiffness and aortic impedance, diminution in the baroreceptor reflex, a diminished response to catecholamines and diminished renal blood flow, and an increase in peripheral vascular resistance (PVR). Treatment of elderly hypertensives is more challenging because of the greater likelihood of the presence of concomitant diseases, most importantly, coronary and peripheral atherosclerosis, renal dysfunction, and diabetes mellitus. Isolated systolic hypertension (ISH), the most common form of hypertension in the elderly, has also been clearly shown to be an important predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, including coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, and stroke. Treatment of ISH has been shown to lower systolic pressure safely and effectively in the elderly. By reducing PVR, and possibly the arterial stiffness, and thus the early reflected pulse waves, vasodilators, including calcium antagonists, may lower these three components of arterial impedance, and hence lower the arterial load on the heart. The cardiac hypertrophy and reduced left ventricular filling rate associated with hypertension in older individuals can also be ameliorated, to some extent, by calcium channel blockers.Proceedings of a symposium held in Atlanta, Georgia on March 2, 1991.     

氟他胺与2-羟基氟他胺对大鼠前列腺增生的抑制作用(英文)

目的 :研究氟他胺与 2 羟基氟他胺对诱导的前列腺增生大鼠前列腺萎缩和细胞凋亡的作用。方法 :SD大鼠去势 ,皮下注射丙酸睾丸素诱导前列腺增生。前列腺增生大鼠随机分成以下 5组 :对照组、氟他胺组 5 0与 1 0 0mg·kg-1,2 羟基氟他胺组2 5与 5 0mg·kg-1,用药时间为 1 0d。比较前列腺各侧叶湿重 ,以HE染色及TUNEL染色法观察细胞凋亡并计算凋亡发生率。结果 :氟他胺及 2 羟基氟他胺可明显降低前列腺增生大鼠前列腺各侧叶湿重 ,差异有显著意义 ,并可观察到明显的凋亡细胞。结论 :氟他胺与 2 羟基氟他胺可诱导前列腺增生大鼠的前列腺萎缩和细胞凋亡     

血管紧张肽转换酶抑制剂对高血压病人心脏和大动脉的影响

目的 :评价血管紧张肽转换酶 (ACE)抑制剂对原发性高血压病人心脏和大动脉结构和功能的影响。方法 :应用二维超声、超声心动图及自动脉搏波传导速度 (PWV)测定仪观察 16例采用ACE抑制剂培哚普利治疗 (4mg ,po ,qd ;4wk后若血压 >18.6 / 12 .0kPa ,加服吲哒帕胺 2 .5mg ,po ,qd)的原发性高血压病人心脏、大动脉结构和功能的改变 ,分别在治疗前和治疗 12wk后进行上述检测。结果 :收缩压、脉压、颈动脉 股动脉PWV、颈总动脉内膜 中层厚度和左室后壁厚度在 12wk培哚普利治疗后显著降低 [分别为 (2 0 .4±s 1.4 )kPavs (18.0± 1.2 )kPa ,(7.5± 1.1)kPavs (6 .9± 1.2 )kPa ,(10 .5± 1.3)m·s- 1vs (8.6± 1.0 )m·s- 1,(0 .71± 0 .14 )mmvs (0 .5 9± 0 .14 )mm ,(10 .5± 1.0 )mmvs (9.8± 1.0 )mm ,P <0 .0 1或P <0 .0 5 ];颈总动脉横断面顺应性、容积扩张性在治疗前后无显著性差异(P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :培哚普利对心血管系统的影响不仅仅是与血压降低有关 ,药物引起动脉平滑肌松驰 ,对全身和局部肾素 血管紧张肽系统的抑制能有效地改善高血压导致的心脏、血管结构和功能的改变。