Habitual intakes of sugar-sweetened beverages associated with gut microbiota-related metabolites and metabolic health outcomes in young Chinese adults

Background and aimsReducing consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) is a global public health priority because of their limited nutritional value and associations with increased risk of obesity and metabolic diseases. Gut microbiota-related metabolites emerged as quintessential effectors that may mediate impacts of dietary exposures on the modulation of host commensal microbiome and physiological status.Methods and resultsThis study assessed the associations among SSBs, circulating microbial metabolites, and gut microbiota–host co-metabolites, as well as metabolic health outcomes in young Chinese adults (n = 86), from the Carbohydrate Alternatives and Metabolic Phenotypes study in Shaanxi Province. Five principal component analysis-derived beverage drinking patterns were determined on self-reported SSB intakes, which were to a varying degree associated with 143 plasma levels of gut microbiota-related metabolites profiled by untargeted metabolomics. Moreover, carbonated beverages, fruit juice, energy drinks, and bubble tea exhibited positive associations with obesity-related markers and blood lipids, which were further validated in an independent cohort of 16,851 participants from the Regional Ethnic Cohort Study in Northwest China in Shaanxi Province. In contrast, presweetened coffee was negatively associated with the obesity-related traits. A total of 79 metabolites were associated with both SSBs and metabolic markers, particularly obesity markers. Pathway enrichment analysis identified the branched-chain amino acid catabolism and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis as linking SSB intake with metabolic health outcomes.ConclusionOur findings demonstrate the associations between habitual intakes of SSBs and several metabolic markers relevant to noncommunicable diseases, and highlight the critical involvement of gut microbiota-related metabolites in mediating such associations.     

Effects of water extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa, Linn (Malvaceae) 'Roselle' on excretion of a diclofenac formulation

The effect of beverages prepared from the dried calyx of the flowers of Hibiscus sabdariffa on the excretion of diclofenac was investigated using a controlled study in healthy human volunteers. A high pressure liquid chromatographic method was used to analyse the 8 h urine samples collected after the administration of diclofenac with 300 mL (equivalent to 8.18 mg anthocyanins) of the beverage administered daily for 3 days. An unpaired two-tailed t-test was used to analyse for significant difference observed in the amount of diclofenac excreted before and after administration of the beverage. There was a reduction in the amount of diclofenac excreted and the wide variability observed in the control with the water beverage of Hibiscus sabdariffa (p < 0.05). There is an increasing need to counsel patients against the use of plant beverages with drugs.     

Italy Between Drinking Culture and Control Policies for Alcoholic Beverages

This paper focuses on whether the on-going dramatic decrease in alcohol consumption in Italy, especially of wine, during 1961–2008, was associated with which parallel sociodemographic and economic changes and with alcohol control policies.

The study, using both time series (TS) and artificial neural network (ANN)-based analyses documents that its selected sociodemographic and economic factors, and particularly urbanization, had a definite connection with wine consumption decrease, spirits decrease, and the increase in beer consumption over time. On the other hand, control policies showed no effect on the decline in alcohol consumption, since no alcohol control policy existed in Italy between 1960 and 1987. A few policies introduced since 1988 (BAC and sale restrictions during mass events) may have contributed to reducing or to maintaining the on-going reduction. Study limitations are noted and future needed research is suggested.     

菇皇保健饮料的免疫和降脂作用研究

菇皇保健饮料灌胃小鼠后，能明显增强小鼠对２，４－二硝基氯苯（ＤＮＣＢ）诱导的迟发型超敏反应性（ＤＴＨ），明显增强小鼠脾抗体分泌细胞数，增强巨噬细胞的吞噬功能，恢复环磷酰胺抑制的ＩＬ—２分泌水平。降低高脂动物的血清总胆固醇（ＴＣ）、甘油三酯（ＴＧ）、低密度脂蛋白（ＬＤＬ）、升高高密度脂蛋白（ＨＤＬ）在ＴＣ中的比例。服用饮料６０天后患者血清总ＴＣ、ＴＧ、ＬＤＬ显著下降，ＨＤＬ／ＴＣ明显上升，其中ＨＤＬ、亚组份ＨＤＬ２与ＨＤＬ比值上升。该饮料患者降脂总有效率７０．４％。     

Hydration,water intake and beverage consumption habits among adults

Total water intake is seldom reported in dietary surveys and hydration status is rarely measured. Although adequate intake (AI) levels have been suggested by the European Food Safety Authority, the World Health Organization and the Institute of Medicine, uncertainties and confused messages abound regarding optimum intake. This paper reviews data on water intake internationally and examines associations with beverage consumption habits of adults in the UK, as determined from secondary analysis of individual diet records. On average, total water intake among British adults was equivalent to the European AI (2 l/day for women, 2.5 l/day for men) and 75% of this was derived from beverages. Factors that correlated with high total water intake included the consumption of a variety of beverages and drinking in the evening. Total water intake (and the contribution from soft drinks) is markedly higher in the USA than in Europe. Beverage consumption habits and trends were also reviewed. In the past 10 years, water beverages have become more popular and as such the overall energy contribution from beverages has declined slightly. Most people could be encouraged to drink a variety of beverages to maintain adequate hydration and to balance the energy content according to their needs. However, further work is needed to refine recommendations for water intake, as basing these on observational epidemiological data is essentially a circular argument. A standardized measurement tool, validated against biomarkers of hydration status, would be a step forward in assessing the adequacy of water intakes at a population level. Research may also be warranted to explore the context of drinking occasions (including time of day, weekdays weekends, lifestyle and meal patterns) as these may have an impact on water intake, hydration and also energy balance.     

盐城卫生职业技术学院女大学生饮料消费行为调查

目的了解女大学生饮料消费行为习惯,为有针对性地开展营养教育、指导合理消费饮料提供依据。方法采用自行设计的调查表,对盐城卫院185名女大学生进行问卷调查,按其所学专业分为营养班和非营养班两组进行比较。结果经常饮用水的占82.3%,列为首选饮料。两组对不同饮料类别是否有益健康的认知分歧较大,但在选择频次上差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。选择饮料的首要目的为"解渴",选择时主要考虑口味、价格、营养、品牌等因素,主要通过电视广告、别人介绍、活动促销等途径了解饮料。营养班学生比非营养班学生更倾向于留意饮料的营养成分表,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),但仅有25.9%的学生"一定留意"饮料营养成分表。结论盐城卫院女大学生饮料消费行为基本合理,但其营养意识尚较低,还需加强引导。     

茶多酚复合饮料的抗疲劳作用研究

复合饮料是以茶多酚 (Tea-polyphenols,TP)、天然果汁为主要原料而研制开发的一种保健饮料 ,其主要成分茶多酚是一类存在于茶叶中的多羟基酚性化合物。国内外对茶多酚的药理药效研究表明 :TP具有抗癌防癌、清除氧自由基、抗突变、延缓衰老、抗辐射、降血脂、降血糖等多种生物学功能 [1 ]。为了解复合饮料的抗疲劳作用 ,进行了本次研究。1　材　料　与　方　法1 .1　材料1 .1 .1　受试样品 :　由华北煤炭医学院营养与食品卫生学教研室研制的复合固体保健饮料。配方主要成分 :茶多酚 2 % (由浙江农业大学提供 ,纯度达到98%以上 )、浓缩安梨…     

葛根治饮料对饮酒后血醇浓度和全血比粘度的影响

目的:采用平行自身交叉对照实验法测定服葛根汁饮料前后血液中乙醇浓度和全血比粘度,探讨该饮料的解救功效。结果表明,该饮料能降低血醇浓度及时乙醇所致的血液粘度异常恢复正常。     

Influence of preparation conditions on the composition of type B carbonated hydroxyapatite and on the localization of the carbonate ions

Summary It is shown how certain aspects of the composition and structure of carbonated apatites depend strictly on preparation conditions, for example, excess of phosphate or calcium ions in the reaction medium, CO₃ ²⁻ concentration, pH, ammonia added or not. Depending on those conditions, either one or the other of the two proposed mechanisms of introduction of carbonate ions into the B sites is dominant. The mechanisms are (1) replacement of a phosphate ion by a carbonate ion with the formation of three vacancies, one in a phosphate oxygen site and one each in the neigh-boring Ca²⁺ and OH⁻ sites; and (2) replacement of a phosphate ion by a carbonate accompanied by a hydroxyl ion. Whether mechanism (1) is observed to dominate over mechanism (2), or vice versa, is accounted for by the relative concentrations of the various ions in the reaction medium. The number of vacancies is decreased by the presence of either, or both, excess calcium ions or ammonia in the reaction medium. A structural-chemical mechanism is advanced for the view that, with the smallest CO₃ ²⁻ content, the A sites are favored but with increasing carbonate content the B sites become favored and the A-site content becomes less than it is when the total carbonate content is less.     

Lack of tolerance to the suppressing effect of rimonabant on chocolate intake in rats

Rationale and objectives Previous work indicated that tolerance to the anorectic effect of the cannabinoid CB₁ receptor antagonist/inverse agonist, rimonabant, developed rather rapidly in rats and mice given access to a standard rodent chow. The present study was designed to investigate whether the reducing effect of rimonabant on intake of a highly palatable food such as a chocolate-flavoured beverage underwent a development of tolerance as rapid as that manifested on intake of a standard rodent chow. Materials and methods To this aim, Wistar rats were concurrently exposed, with unlimited access for 24 h/day, to the chocolate-flavoured beverage, regular food pellets and water. Rimonabant (0, 1.25, 2.5 and 5 mg/kg; i.p.) was administered once a day for 21 consecutive days. Results Rimonabant administration resulted in a dose-dependent suppression of the high, daily intake of the chocolate-flavoured beverage; this effect lasted for the entire 21-day treatment period, without any apparent development of tolerance. Conversely, rimonabant-induced reduction in daily intake of regular food pellets was of a smaller magnitude and was limited to the first 3–4 days of treatment. Conclusions Together, these results indicate that chronically administered rimonabant was more effective and longer-lasting in reducing the intake of a highly palatable food than that of regular food pellets in rats. These results also suggest that rimonabant may be more active on the hedonic rather than nutritive properties of diets.