Consumption of cranberry beverage improved endogenous antioxidant status and protected against bacteria adhesion in healthy humans: a randomized controlled trial

Consumption of polyphenol-rich foods is associated with lower risk from many chronic diseases. We hypothesized that a single dose of cranberry beverage would improve indices of oxidative stress, inflammation, and urinary antibacterial adhesion activity in healthy humans. Six males and 6 females (18-35 years; body mass index, 19-25 kg/m²) consumed placebo, cranberry leaf extract beverage, or low-calorie cranberry juice cocktail (LCJC) once in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over experimental design trial. The washout period between beverages was 1 week. Blood was collected 0, 2, 4, 8, and 24 hours after beverage consumption for measuring oxidative and inflammatory biomarkers. Urine was collected at 0, 0 to 3, 3 to 6, 6 to 9, 9 to 12, and 24 hours postintervention to assess antibacterial adhesion activity. Consumption of cranberry leaf extract beverage elevated (P < .05) blood glutathione peroxidase activity, whereas LCJC consumption increased (P < .05) glutathione concentrations and superoxide dismutase activity compared with placebo. Cranberry leaf extract beverage and LCJC consumption had no effect on the inflammatory biomarkers measured as compared with placebo. At 0 to 3 hours postconsumption, urine from participants who consumed cranberry beverages had higher (P < .05) ex vivo antiadhesion activity against P-fimbriated Escherichia coli compared with placebo. An acute dose of cranberry beverages improved biomarkers of antioxidant status and inhibition of bacterial adhesion in urine.     

Improvements in concentration,working memory and sustained attention following consumption of a natural citicoline–caffeine beverage

This study examined the neurocognitive and electrophysiological effects of a citicoline–caffeine-based beverage in 60 healthy adult participants enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Measures of electrical brain activity using electroencephalogram (EEG) and neuropsychological measures examining attention, concentration and reaction time were administered. Compared to placebo, participants receiving the citicoline–caffeine beverage exhibited significantly faster maze learning times and reaction times on a continuous performance test, fewer errors in a go/no-go task and better accuracy on a measure of information processing speed. EEG results examining P450 event-related potentials revealed that participants receiving the citicoline–caffeine beverage exhibited higher P450 amplitudes than controls, suggesting an increase in sustained attention. Overall, these findings suggest that the beverage significantly improved sustained attention, cognitive effort and reaction times in healthy adults. Evidence of improved P450 amplitude indicates a general improvement in the ability to accommodate new and relevant information within working memory and overall enhanced brain activation.     

南京地区部分居民碳酸饮料消费情况

目的了解南京市居民碳酸饮料饮用频率和相关影响因素,为开展营养教育和干预工作提供依据。方法采用自填调查问卷的方法,收集南京市部分社区340名常住居民的基本情况和各种饮品饮用情况。结果南京市居民春季、夏季、秋季碳酸饮料饮用情况均有性别差异,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),18～44岁年龄组、中等文化程度人群、低收入家庭碳酸饮料饮用频率最高。结论降低碳酸饮料的饮用频率,促进人们养成健康的生活方式,有利于预防相关慢性病的发生。     

Differences in the measured alcohol content of drinks between black, white and Hispanic men and women in a US national sample

Aims   To measure and describe drink alcohol content differences between Hispanic, non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic black men and women in the United States.
Design   A telephone survey re-interview of 397 respondents who participated originally in the 2005 National Alcohol Survey, of whom 306 provided complete information on home drinks.
Setting   United States.
Participants   Adults aged 18 years and older from across the United States.
Measurements   Direct measurement by respondents of simulated drink pours in respondents' own glassware using a provided beaker and reported beverage brands were used to calculate drink alcohol content.
Findings   Black men were found to have the largest overall mean drink alcohol content at 0.79 oz (23 ml) of alcohol. This was significantly larger than the mean for white men or for black women and added 30% to black men's monthly alcohol intake when applied to their reported number of drinks. Spirits drinks were found to be particularly large for men. Multivariate models indicated that drink alcohol content differences are attributable more to income and family structure differences than to unmeasured cultural factors tied to race or ethnicity per se . Models predicting alcohol-related consequences and dependence indicate that adjusting drink alcohol content improves model fit and reduces differences between race/ethnicity defined groups.
Conclusions   Differences in drink alcohol content by gender, race/ethnicity and beverage type choice should be considered in comparisons of drinking patterns and alcohol-related outcomes. Observed differences can be explained partially by measured characteristics regarding family structure and income.     

广州市2005～2006年含乳饮料中食品添加剂监测结果分析及建议

目的了解广州市含乳饮料中部分常用食品添加剂使用的情况。方法对广州市企业生产的合乳饮料进行主动监测，主要检测其中10种常用食品添加剂的用量并对监测结果进行统计分析。结果监测样品中，食品添加剂超标率为0．54％，山梨酸的检出率最高为23．86％，人工合成色素以柠檬黄及日落黄的检出率较高，甜味剂以安赛蜜及甜蜜素为主。结论允许使用的8种食品添加剂的检出平均值低于国标限量，说明广州市生产的含乳饮料中虽存在违规添加食品添加荆现象，但总体情况不算严重。对食品添加剂的使用仍应加强监管以杜绝违规现象。     

海口市餐饮单位餐饮具消毒效果监测调查

目的了解海口市餐饮单位餐饮具消毒状况。方法随机抽检150家餐饮单位（海口市直管40家,龙华区35家,美兰区30家,琼山区30家,秀英区15家）餐饮具消毒效果,每家抽检餐饮具6份,检验项目为大肠菌群,依据《食（饮）具消毒卫生标准》进行餐饮具消毒效果监测。结果150家中全部合格的单位98家,合格率65．33％;900份餐饮具中,合格份数668件,合格率74．22％。2006年抽检的100家中,合格的单位14家,合格率14．00％;1000份餐饮具中,合格份数648件,合格率50．10％。结论海口市餐饮具监测结果显示合格率呈上升趋势。卫生行政部门应继续加强餐饮单位餐饮具消毒效果的监督监测,确保餐饮具的消毒效果,保障食品卫生安全。