Root resorption diagnosed with cone beam computed tomography after 6 months of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliance and the relation to risk factors

Objectives:To investigate root resorption after 6 months of active orthodontic treatment and its relation to possible risk factors.Materials and Methods:Ninety-seven patients (10–18 years) with a Class I malocclusion and crowding treated with fixed appliance and premolar extractions were examined with cone beam computed tomography before and after 6 months of active treatment. The exposure covered all teeth from first molar to first molar in both jaws. The Malmgren index was used to evaluate the degree of root resorption. Irregular root contour (score 1) was seen in most teeth already before active treatment, and therefore resorptions were registered only as score 2 (<2 mm, minor resorption) or higher.Results:Minor root resorption was noted in 10% of the patients and severe root resorption, >2 mm (score 3) was found in four patients. Root resorption was more frequently seen in the upper jaw, especially the incisors. There was no statistically significant correlation of root resorption with any of the selected risk factors.Conclusions:After 6 months of treatment, clinically significant resorption was diagnosed in 4% of the patients, ie, in 96% of the patients the radiographic examination did not reveal any significant information. The selected risk factors did not have any impact on the amount of resorption after 6 months of active treatment.     

基于蒙特卡罗方法的脑转移瘤术中放疗施照器设计及剂量学评估

目的 设计适用脑转移瘤术中放疗的施照器并评估其剂量学特征。方法 施照器设计首先通过模拟计算电子束经过一系列不同厚度散射箔后的散射角和剂量率,确定散射箔厚度;其次,建立散射箔位于不同高度的位置评估模型,通过计算模型表面平均能量方差,确定散射箔位置;最后,建立调节层几何结构特征与施照器表面剂量之间的关系,确定调制器的内表面特征。使用蒙特卡罗（MC）EGSnrc/BEAMnrc和EGS4/DOSXYZ程序完成Mobetron加速器、位置评估模型、调节层、施照器建模和剂量学分析。结果 半球囊状施照器的限光筒直径为2.5 cm、筒壁厚0.5 cm,材料为0.2 cm厚水等效材料加0.3 cm厚不锈钢;散射箔厚度0.14 cm,材料为金属钨,位置高度为0.5 cm;调制器为月牙形,材料为水等效材料。该施照器能够使Mobetron 12 MeV的电子束产生半球面剂量分布,剂量率为160 cGy/min,治疗深度为0.85 cm。结论 采用MC模拟设计的适用于高能电子束的半球囊状施照器,能产生半球面剂量分布。     

Follicular mycosis fungoides

We describe a patient with follicular mycosis fungoides (MF), a rare folliculotropic variant of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). Follicular involvement in CTCL usually presents clinically as alopecia mucinosa associated histologically with follicular mucinosis. Follicular MF differs from alopecia mucinosa/follicular mucinosis associated with MF with regard to its clinical presentation, histology and, presumably, prognosis. Our patient presented with the characteristic findings of follicular MF, i.e. infiltrated plaques showing numerous enlarged, comedo-like follicular infundibula; histology was dominated by exclusive folliculotropism of atypical lymphocytes sometimes forming follicular Pautrier's microabscesses, and by lack of epidermotropism and follicular mucinosis. Despite photochemotherapy and treatment with oral retinoids and interferon alpha, the patient's follicular MF rapidly developed into a progressive CTCL with large tumorous lesions, but responded to electron beam therapy. The course of our patient's disease confirms the notion that follicular MF may be associated with a worse prognosis than classical MF. However, electron beam irradiation induced remission of follicular MF that was maintained by a combination therapy consisting of extracorporeal photopheresis and interferon alfa.     

EBCT在原发性非黏液瘤性心脏心包肿瘤中的诊断价值

目的探讨原发性非黏液瘤性心脏心包肿瘤的EBCT特征,评价EBCT在心脏肿瘤诊断中的价值.方法经手术和病理证实的25例非黏液瘤性心脏心包原发肿瘤,男14例,女11例,年龄5个月～72岁,平均32.1岁,接受单层增强和/或电影序列EBCT扫描.结果良性肿瘤19例,恶性肿瘤6例,其中8例(脂肪瘤3例,单纯心包囊肿和淋巴管瘤各2例,血管瘤1例)与病理诊断一致.结论EBCT具有优良的时间、空间和密度分辨率,脂肪瘤、单纯囊肿、淋巴管瘤和血管瘤等有相对特征性表现,但对大部分肌源性、纤维瘤性等实质性肿瘤似无法做出准确的定性诊断.     

用锥形束CT图像引导技术分析肺癌放疗摆位误差及其对剂量分布影响

目的 研究千伏级锥形束CT (CBCT)引导下肺癌放疗摆位误差及其对靶区和正常组织受量影响。方法 采用瓦里安IX直线加速器机载影像系统对 23例肺癌患者三维放疗前行CBCT扫描,并与计划CT图像匹配获得左右、头脚、前后方向摆位误差。在CMS计划系统中将治疗中心移至扫描中心,模拟未移床时剂量分布,研究摆位误差对计划靶体积(PTV)、大体肿瘤体积(GTV)及正常组织受量影响,并行F检验。结果 左右、头脚、前后方向误差分别为 －0.18、－0.43、－2.64 mm,其绝对值最大分别为13、 21、8 mm。5 mm内误差在3个方向上分别占93.9%、71.4%、81.9%。模拟未移床时的剂量分布显示95%PTV剂量、PTV平均剂量、95%GTV剂量、GTV平均剂量分别为原计划的89.7%(F=7.04,P=0.011)、97.9%、95.5%、98.8%(F=0.32,1.68,0.11;P=0.572,0.201,0.740)。肺接受≥5、10、20、30 Gy体积占总体积百分比、肺平均受量、脊髓1 cm³体积受量分别为原计划的102.7%、103.1%、105.0%、110.6%、103.0%、98.1%。任一方向误差>5 mm对95%PTV受照剂量的影响有统计学意义(F=14.58,P=0.001)。结论 肺癌放疗摆位误差大多在5 mm内,以头脚方向误差最大,任一方向误差>5 mm将对PTV受量产生明显影响。     

胸段食管癌IGRT分次内误差对靶区剂量的影响

目的 使用CBCT测量食管癌IGRT分次内误差,评价其对靶区和周围OAR剂量的影响。方法 应用CBCT采集 23例胸段食管癌放疗前后摆位图像,获取分次内误差。将分次内误差模拟治疗计划2和计划3,与原始计划1比较,分析其对靶区和OAR剂量学影响,并用单因素方差分析和配对t检验。结果 胸上段、胸中段、胸下段食管癌IGRT分次内平均误差在左右方向分别为(1.2±1.5)、(1.0±1.0)、(1.0±1.0) mm (P=0.138),在上下方向分别为(1.2±1.0)、(1.1±1.0)、(1.2±1.0) mm (P=0.656),在前后方向分别为(1.3±1.1)、(1.2±1.0)、(0.8±0.7) mm (P=0.003)。全部患者3 mm内误差发生频率在左右、上下、前后方向分别占95.2%、94.5%、93.9%。计划3与计划1相比,GTV V_100%下降5.55%,有 3例患者PTV D_95%下降超过原始计划处方的5%。计划3中全肺 V₃₀为(15.24±2.24)%,低于计划1的(15.67±2.28)%(P=0.033)。计划2中 4例脊髓>4500 cGy (D_max为4517.2 cGy),计划3中 19例脊髓>4500 cGy (D_max为5045.2 cGy)。结论 IGRT分次内误差对患者靶区剂量分布有一定影响。脊髓为串行器官,对分次内误差相对敏感,可能会导致部分患者脊髓超过最大耐受量。     

Indicators for Surgical Resection and Intraoperative Radiation Therapy for Pelvic Recurrence of Colorectal Cancer

PURPOSE: We retrospectively analyzed prognostic factors for surgical resection and intraoperative radiation therapy to identify indicators for this treatment strategy. METHODS: Thirty-nine consecutive patients with locally recurrent colorectal cancer who underwent surgical resection with intraoperative radiation therapy from January 1, 1987, to June 30, 1999, were analyzed. The mean electron energy was 10.5 MeV and the mean intraoperative radiation dose was 22.6 Gy. Kaplan-Meier survival estimates were obtained for the 37 patients who recovered postoperatively. Prognostic factors were analyzed univariately by log-rank test and multivariately by Coxs proportional hazards model. RESULTS: Three-year cumulative survival was 44 percent (standard error = 11) for 26 patients free of unresectable distant metastasis who underwent surgical resection and intraoperative radiation therapy for pelvic recurrence of colorectal cancer, but none of the 11 patients with unresectable distant metastasis survived 3 years. Preoperative prognostic factors which were significant on univariate and multivariate analysis were unresectable distant metastasis (P = 0.001) and elevated preoperative serum CA 19–9 (P = 0.02). Patients with synchronous resection of local recurrence and distant metastasis had a significant survival advantage over those without resection of metastases (P = 0.02). Univariate analysis in a subgroup of 26 patients without unresectable distant metastasis revealed pain (P = 0.0003) to be a useful preoperative prognostic indicator, whereas tumor fixation (P = 0.01) and amount of residual tumor after surgical resection (P = 0.01) were significant intraoperative and postoperative factors, respectively. Fluorouracil-based postoperative systemic chemotherapy produced a significant survival benefit (P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with unresectable distant metastasis are not suitable candidates for surgical resection and intraoperative radiation therapy, whereas those with resectable metastasis are potential candidates. Intraoperative radiation therapy may be less useful for patients with pain, elevated preoperative CA19–9, fixed tumors, or gross residual tumor after surgical resection. Multimodal treatment strategies combining preoperative and/or postoperative external beam radiation therapy and intraoperative radiation therapy with fluorouracil-based systemic chemotherapy are recommended for patients with these indicators.     

Accuracy of transrectal ultrasound in predicting pathologic stage of rectal cancer before and after preoperative radiation therapy

Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) and CT scan staging of rectal cancers before, and TRUS staging after, 45 Gy of irradiation were compared with the pathologic stage of the resected specimen in 19 patients. Accuracy of TRUS before and after irradiation, and of CT scan before irradiation, was 32 percent, 63 percent, and 53 percent, respectively. CT scan before and TRUS after irradiation predicted lymph node involvement in 79 percent and 68 percent of cases, respectively. Positive predictive value for lymph node involvement before irradiation was 60 percent for CT scan and 37.5 percent for TRUS; after irradiation, it was 50 percent for TRUS. Negative predictive value was 100 percent for CT scan and TRUS before radiation and 88 percent for TRUS after irradiation. Preoperative radiation therapy makes TRUS and CT scan less effective as staging techniques. The absence of lymph nodes on TRUS and CT scan before and after irradiation is reliable.Read in part at the Tripartitate Meeting, Birmingham, England, June 19 to 22, 1989.     

Effect of gamma,ethylene oxide,electron beam,and plasma sterilization on the behaviour of SR-PLLA fibres in vitro

- The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of various sterilization processes on the physical and mechanical properties of self-reinforced bioabsorbable fibres made out of polylactide (PLLA). The samples were sterilized using plasma, ethylene oxide (one and two cycles), gamma (25 kGy at room temperature, 25 kGy in dry ice, and 2 × 25 kGy at room temperature), and electron beam (15, 25, and 55 kGy) sterilization. The intrinsic viscosity, crystallinity, and mechanical properties (modulus of elasticity, yield strength, and ultimate tensile strength) were tested before and immediately after each sterilization treatment, as well as up to 30 weeks in vitro. Compared with unsterilized fibres, the intrinsic viscosity was markedly decreased after radiation sterilization (gamma and electron beam) and the loss in mechanical properties was accelerated during in vitro degradation. Plasma and ethylene oxide (one and two cycles) did not markedly alter the properties of the samples after sterilization or during in vitrodegradation. These data are important for determining the effect of various sterilization processes on the physical and mechanical properties of polylactidebased materials and can be used to predict how fast degradation of the mechanical properties of the self-reinforced PLLA will occur. They can also be used to tailor the degradation kinetics to optimize implant design.