投影旋转间隔对CT重建图像的影响

目的探讨CT扇形束扫描的投影旋转间隔对成像时间、成像质量以及图像重建计算齄的影响。方法采用Matlab软件编程,实现对仿真模型的投影数据取得、图像反投影重建,外将此方法用于实际颅脑的CT图像进行投影和反投影重建验证。结果本文通过对模型图像重建研究,得到了投影及重建过程中投影旋转间隔对成像时间、成像质量以及图像重建计算量的影响因素。结论在扇形束投影CT的成像过程中,投影旋转间隔在〈2°的范围内会对成像时间、成像质苗以及计算量产生较小影响。     

基于蒙特卡罗方法的脑转移瘤术中放疗施照器设计及剂量学评估

目的 设计适用脑转移瘤术中放疗的施照器并评估其剂量学特征。方法 施照器设计首先通过模拟计算电子束经过一系列不同厚度散射箔后的散射角和剂量率,确定散射箔厚度;其次,建立散射箔位于不同高度的位置评估模型,通过计算模型表面平均能量方差,确定散射箔位置;最后,建立调节层几何结构特征与施照器表面剂量之间的关系,确定调制器的内表面特征。使用蒙特卡罗（MC）EGSnrc/BEAMnrc和EGS4/DOSXYZ程序完成Mobetron加速器、位置评估模型、调节层、施照器建模和剂量学分析。结果 半球囊状施照器的限光筒直径为2.5 cm、筒壁厚0.5 cm,材料为0.2 cm厚水等效材料加0.3 cm厚不锈钢;散射箔厚度0.14 cm,材料为金属钨,位置高度为0.5 cm;调制器为月牙形,材料为水等效材料。该施照器能够使Mobetron 12 MeV的电子束产生半球面剂量分布,剂量率为160 cGy/min,治疗深度为0.85 cm。结论 采用MC模拟设计的适用于高能电子束的半球囊状施照器,能产生半球面剂量分布。     

Coronary arteries

Conventional coronary angiography (CA) is the standard of excellence for the evaluation of coronary artery disease. However, non-invasive imaging modalities have developed that can play an important clinical role in the diagnosis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can offer a comprehensive evaluation of the heart and the coronary arteries by virtue of its high soft tissue contrast capabilities, double-oblique tomographic sections and the possibility of quantifying physiological parameters without need of ionizing radiation. Magnetic resonance coronary arteriography (MRCA) using breath-hold and free-breathing techniques has been investigated but is still in the experimental phase; its precise role for the assessment of coronary stenosis must still be identified. Nonetheless, MRCA has proven clinically relevant in determining the course of anomalous coronary arteries and the patency of coronary artery bypass grafts. Novel intravascular contrast agents promise faster coverage of the cardiac anatomy and may provide a long-awaited boost for MRCA. Contrast-enhanced electron-beam computed tomography (EBT), another competing imaging modality, is now being subjected to widespread evaluation following initially encouraging results. Received 16 February 1998; Accepted 24 February 1998     

曲面体层片与锥形束CT对种植区骨量测量的临床评价

对79例行种植牙治疗的患者行曲面体层摄影片( OPG)及锥形束CT ( CBCT)检查,将测得相关数据进行统计学分析。结果显示OPG与CBCT(矢状位)的各测量值之间差异有统计学意义(P<0．01),CBCT的测量值与真实值差异较小;CBCT矢状位断层片上前牙区种植体的高度及愈合帽的直径的测量值与真实值之间差异无统计学意义,后牙区差异有统计学意义(P<0．01)。     

Optimization-Based Economical Flexural Design of Singly Reinforced Concrete Beams: A Parametric Study

In the past, many studies have been conducted on the optimization of reinforced concrete (RC) structures. These studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of different optimization techniques to obtain an economical design. However, the use of optimization techniques to an obtain economical design is not so practical due to the difficulty in applying most of the optimization techniques to achieve an optimal solution. The RC beam is one of the most common structural elements encountered by a practising design engineer. The current study is designed to highlight the potential of the Solver tool in MS Excel as an easy-to-use option for optimizing the design of simply supported RC beams. A user-friendly interface was developed in a spreadsheet in which beam design parameters from a typical design can be entered and an economical design can be obtained using the Evolutionary Algorithm available in the MS Excel Solver tool. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed optimization tool, three examples obtained from the literature have been optimized. The results showed that up to 24% economical solution can be obtained by keeping the same material strengths that were assumed in the original design. However, if material strength is also considered as a variable, up to 44% of the economical solution can be obtained. A parametric study was also conducted to investigate the effect of different design variables on the economical design of simply supported RC beams and to derive useful rules of thumb for their design and proportioning, with the objective of cost minimization. The results of the parametric study suggest that the grade of the reinforcing steel is one of the most influential factors that affect the cost of simply supported RC beams. Practicing engineers can use the trends derived from this research to further refine their optimal designs.     

口腔COPT与CBCT对受检者的体表辐射剂量对比

目的：研究口腔COPT和CBCT受检者的体表辐射特征,做好全口腔影像检查的辐射防护。方法应用长杆电离室和X射线多功能检测仪,采用非介入式方法测试COPT和CBCT影像接收器处的辐射剂量,计算受检者入射体表空气比释动能和空气比释动能率。结果在最小技术条件下,CBCT和COPT受检者入射体表空气比释动能分别为0.21、0.13 mGy,空气比释动能率分别为20.10、8.65μGy/mAs。在最大技术条件下,CBCT和COPT受检者入射体表空气比释动能分别为20.05、4.49 mGy,空气比释动能率分别为178.2、21.02μGy/mAs。在临床常用技术条件下, CBCT（84~90）kV和COPT（62~70）kV受检者入射体表空气比释动能分别为（16.61~18.62）和（0.87~3.12）mGy,空气比释动能率分别为（105.3~138.2）和（11.42~14.42）μGy/mAs。结论口腔CBCT受检者入射体表辐射剂量高于COPT。口腔临床和放射医生要遵守辐射防护三原则,合理应用COPT与CBCT。     

硼中子俘获治疗的辐射场特点与剂量估算

BNCT(硼中子俘获治疗)基于这样一种思想:10B的载体化合物会优先选择癌细胞作为靶而后与热中子反应,进而产生高能、短射程裂变产物α粒子和Li粒子。它是一种双重的靶向治疗方法。BNCT的治疗效果依赖于两个主要因素:源于10B(n,α)7Li核反应的高LET(传能线密度)粒子的生物效应和在靶细胞及其特异区域内的硼沉积。本文总结和探讨了BNCT的发展概况、辐射场的特点以及吸收剂量的计算方法。     

重离子束治癌

由于重离子Bragg峰的物理特性,使重离子束治疗肿瘤成为当今最先进的技术。因此,在许多国家这一技术得到发展,而且取得了很好的社会效益和经济效益。介绍了重离子治疗技术的现状、发展和研究的新信息。     

Effect of 99 GHz continuous millimeter wave electro-magnetic radiation on E. coli viability and metabolic activity

Purpose:?To investigate time exposure dependence of continuous millimeter wave (CW) 99?GHz radiation on Escherichia coli bacterial cell viability and metabolic activity.

Materials and methods:?Suspensions of E. coli bacterial cells with an optical density of OD_660nm?=?0.1 were used for viability tests and OD_660nm?=?1.0 for metabolic activity tests. These suspensions were exposed to 99?GHz CW electromagnetic radiation, generated by a Backward Wave Oscillator (BWO) tube base instrument with a horn antenna at the BWO exit, to obtain an almost ideal Gaussian beam. Calculations of the Gaussian beam show that a power of 0.2?mW/cm² was obtained at the bacterial plane.

Results:?The experimental results show that 1 hour of exposure to 99?GHz CW electromagnetic radiation had no effect on E. coli viability and colony characterisation. In 19?h of radiation, the number of colonies forming units was half order of magnitude higher than the sham-exposed and the control. However, 19?h of exposure did not affect the E. coli metabolic activity.

Conclusions:?Exposure of E. coli to millimeter wave (MW) CW 99?GHz radiation for a short period did not affect the viability of E. coli bacterial cells. However, exposure for 19?h caused a slight proliferation but did not influence the metabolic activities of about 90 biochemical reactions that were examined. Hence, we assume that the slight proliferation (half order of magnitude) after 19?h of exposure dose not have a biological meaning.     

Electrophysiological,biochemical and ultrastructural effects of radiotherapy on normal rat sciatic nerve

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the electrophysiological, biochemical and ultrastructural changes on the rat sciatic nerve after radiotherapy.

Material and Methods: Thirty male Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups as: Control group (n = 10), Group I: 3 months after radiotherapy (n = 10), and Group II: 6 months after radiotherapy (n = 10). Groups I and II were irradiated with a ⁶⁰Co gamma source. A dose of 20 Gy in 10 fractions was applied to Groups I and II. Compound motor action potentials (CMAP) were recorded in all groups. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured in the sciatic nerve of rats using the biochemical methods. Ultrastructural changes were determined by electron microscopy.

Results: In Groups I and II, the amplitude of CMAP was significantly lower and the latency was significantly higher than that of the control group. There were no significant differences between Groups I and II regarding the CMAP amplitude and latency. The MDA levels were significantly increased, whereas the SOD and CAT activities were significantly decreased in experimental groups when compared with the control group. However, there were no significant changes in these parameters between Groups I and II. Degeneration in myelinated nerve fibers was observed ultrastructurally only in the experimental groups. Significant changes were observed between the control group and experimental groups in terms of ultrastructural myelin grading score and axonal damage score. No significant differences were found between Groups I and II.

Conclusions: These findings indicated that the dose of 20 Gy in 10 fractions radiotherapy caused neuropathic damages in normal rat sciatic nerve 3 and 6 months after irradiation.