不同加工处理方法对中药SO2残留量控制的方法研究

目的:研究分析不同加工处理方法对中药二氧化硫残留量的影响,从而总结出控制中药中二氧化硫残留的方法,以达到减少二氧化硫残留的目的。方法:采用二氧化硫残留量测定法对经不同加工方法处理过的样品进行检测。结果:经过不同加工方法处理过的中药中的SO2残留量均有一定程度的降低。结论:本项目中的加工处理方法能作为减少中药SO2残留的控制方法。     

药材中二氧化硫残留量检测及方法研究

目的测定市售中药饮片中二氧化硫残留情况,为中药材具体品种制定限量提供参考。方法采用酸蒸馏碘滴定法测定二氧化硫的含量。结果 10个中药材样品全部都有二氧化硫残留。结论目前市售药材中二氧化硫普遍偏高,有关部门应尽快制订有效措施加以控制。     

Comparative toxicity of silicon dioxide,silver and iron oxide nanoparticles after repeated oral administration to rats

Although silicon dioxide (SiO₂), silver (Ag) and iron oxide (Fe₂O₃) nanoparticles are widely used in diverse applications from food to biomedicine, in vivo toxicities of these nanoparticles exposed via the oral route remain highly controversial. To examine the systemic toxicity of these nanoparticles, well‐dispersed nanoparticles were orally administered to Sprague–Dawley rats daily over a 13‐week period. Based on the results of an acute toxicity and a 14‐day repeated toxicity study, 975.9, 1030.5 and 1000 mg kg^–1 were selected as the highest dose of the SiO₂, Ag and Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles, respectively, for the 13‐week repeated oral toxicity study. The SiO₂ and Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles did not induce dose‐related changes in a number of parameters associated with the systemic toxicity up to 975.9 and 1000 mg kg^–1, respectively, whereas the Ag nanoparticles resulted in increases in serum alkaline phosphatase and calcium as well as lymphocyte infiltration in liver and kidney, raising the possibility of liver and kidney toxicity induced by the Ag nanoparticles. Compared with the SiO₂ and Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles showing no systemic distribution in all tissues tested, the Ag concentration in sampled blood and organs in the Ag nanoparticle‐treated group significantly increased with a positive and/or dose‐related trend, meaning that the systemic toxicity of the Ag nanoparticles, including liver and kidney toxicity, might be explained by extensive systemic distribution of Ag originating from the Ag nanoparticles. Our current results suggest that further study is required to identify that Ag detected outside the gastrointestinal tract were indeed a nanoparticle form or ionized form. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

壳寡糖对四氯化碳致急性肝损伤小鼠的保护作用

目的研究壳寡糖对四氯化碳(CCl4)诱导的化学性肝损伤小鼠的保护作用。方法小鼠随机分组,连续7d灌胃给予50,167,500mg.kg-1.d-1壳寡糖,于第7天腹腔注射四氯化碳制备小鼠急性肝损伤模型,检测血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)和天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)活性;测定肝组织中丙二醛(MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性;采用光学显微镜观察肝脏组织形态学变化。结果中、高剂量的壳寡糖能明显抑制肝损伤小鼠血清ALT和AST活性的升高(P<0.05),抑制肝组织中MDA含量的升高(P<0.01),提高肝组织中SOD的活力(P<0.05),减轻CCl4对肝脏细胞的病理损伤。结论壳寡糖对四氯化碳造成的小鼠急性肝损伤具有一定的保护作用。     

酸蒸馏—碘滴定法测定金银花中二氧化硫残留量

目的建立酸蒸馏—碘滴定法测定金银花中二氧化硫残留量的方法。方法以金银花为样品,采用酸蒸馏-碘滴定法检测。结果二氧化硫平均回收率为85.82%,RSD为1.04%。结论本方法简便、快速,结果准确,可用于金银花中二氧化硫残留量的检测。     

中药材硫磺熏蒸检测方法

硫磺熏蒸是我国传统的中药材养护方法。近年来随着人们对中药材硫磺熏蒸引起的二氧化硫残留的认识,国家逐渐开始减少并禁止中药材的硫磺熏蒸养护。本文采用有机元素分析法,对多种中药材含硫量进行了测定。该法测定中药材含硫量所需样品量少、测定速度快、结果准确。通过对已知中药材含硫量的数据分析,得出中药材硫磺熏蒸的判定标准为含硫量大于0.5%,并采用该标准对10种未知中药材进行了判定,表明元素分析可作为中药材硫磺熏蒸的筛查方法,用于中药材品质的快速鉴定。     

四氯化碳致大鼠肝损伤的机理

给大鼠一次po四氯化碳(CCl_4)23 mmol/kg后,血清ALT分别于3和12 h起逐渐增高;肝微粒体细胞色素P450同时下降。染毒后24和48 h肝线粒体GSH明显降低,胞液GSH则未见明显变化。血清脂质过氧化物丙二醛(MDA)经时过程呈双相,即染毒后3～24 h明显降低,至48 h则显著增高。染毒后12～48 h肝线粒体和微粒体MDA明显增高;同时膜脂流动性增高.8-甲氧补骨脂素预处理可显著降低CCl_4引起的肝匀浆MDA和血清ALT增高。结果提示CCl_4均裂产物启动的膜脂过氧化和流动性增高可能是CCl_4致肝损伤的二次反应。     

还原型谷胱甘肽对慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性发作期患者血气指标的影响

目的:探讨还原型谷胱甘肽对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)急性加重期患者血气指标的影响。方法:将40例符合入选标准的COPD急性发作期患者,随机均分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组患者除给予常规治疗外,加用注射用还原型谷胱甘肽2.4g·d-1,加入到5%葡萄糖溶液250mL中静脉滴注,qd,连用10d;对照组仅给予常规治疗。观察治疗前后2组患者动脉血气指标、6min步行试验及主观感觉的变化。结果:治疗10d后,2组患者动脉血氧分压(PaO2)均较治疗前有显著提高,动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO2)均较治疗前显著降低(P<0.05),且2组间PaO2、PaCO2改善情况比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),治疗组显著优于对照组。结论:COPD患者体内存在氧化-抗氧化失衡,治疗中加用还原型谷胱甘肽可对抗机体氧化损伤,改善患者缺氧状况。     

鬼臼毒素与二氧化碳激光治疗尖锐湿疣疗效对比观察

目的：对比鬼臼毒素与二氧化碳激光这两种方法治疗尖锐湿疣的疗效及优缺点,探讨临床针对不同患者治疗方法的选择。方法我院2010年6月-2013年6月就诊并确诊的286例尖锐湿疣患者,随机分组,分别使用鬼臼毒素和二氧化碳激光治疗,分析不同治疗方法疗效、复发率及副反应。其中鬼臼毒素治疗组150例,二氧化碳激光治疗组136例。结果鬼臼毒素治疗组临床治疗的总有效率为95.333%,二氧化碳激光组临床治疗的总有效率为82.352%。鬼臼毒素治疗组临床不良反应发生率为2.667%,二氧化碳激光组临床不良反应发生率为8.824%。两组患者临床治疗有效率及不良反应发生率具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论鬼臼毒素治疗见效快,少而大且窄蒂的疣体治疗首选,外阴非黏膜部位疣体治疗优先选择。     

Estimating Low- and High-Cyclic Fatigue of Polyimide-CF-PTFE Composite through Variation of Mechanical Hysteresis Loops

The fatigue properties of neat polyimide and the “polyimide + 10 wt.% milled carbon fibers + 10 wt.% polytetrafluoroethylene” composite were investigated under various cyclic loading conditions. In contrast to most of the reported studies, constructing of hysteresis loops was performed through the strain assessment using the non-contact 2D Digital Image Correlation method. The accumulation of cyclic damage was analyzed by calculating parameters of mechanical hysteresis loops. They were: (i) the energy losses (hysteresis loop area), (ii) the dynamic modulus (proportional to the compliance/stiffness of the material) and (iii) the damping capacity (calculated through the dissipated and total mechanical energies). On average, the reduction in energy losses reached 10–18% at the onset of fracture, whereas the modulus variation did not exceed 2.5% of the nominal value. The energy losses decreased from 20 down to 18 J/m³ (10%) for the composite, whereas they reduced from 30 down to 25 J/m³ (17%) for neat PI in the low-cycle fatigue mode. For high-cycle fatigue, energy losses decreased from 10 to 9 J/m³ (10%) and from 17 to 14 J/m³ (18%) for neat PI and composite, respectively. For this reason, the changes of the energy losses due to hysteresis are of prospects for the characterization of both neat PI and the reinforced PI-based composites.