Percutaneous Absorption Enhancement of Leuprolide

Chemical enhancers and vehicles were tested for their ability to improve the percutaneous absorption of leuprolide, a nonapeptide (luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analogue; MW 1209.4). In vitro permeabilities in nude mouse, snake, and cadaver skin were evaluated in either Franz diffusion cells or a Bronaugh flow-through system using an HPLC assay. Skin irritation caused by the formulations was evaluated in the rabbit. The chemical enhancer systems investigated strongly enhanced skin penetration of leuprolide. Maximum permeability enhancement of leuprolide acetate can be achieved with a nonirritating formulation containing ethanol, menthol, camphor, methyl salicylate, urea, and hydrogel. The in vitro permeability in nude mouse skin was 10 or 100 times higher than that obtained in cadaver skin, depending on the type of enhancer that was used in the formulation. Snake skin was at least 10 times less permeable than cadaver skin in this study. However, the effects of chemical enhancers on skin permeability were highly dependent on the skin model. Further, the in vitro permeability of leuprolide in the base form was 10 times higher than in the acetate form with the enhancers.     

Conditioned enhancement of natural killer cell activity, but not interferon, with camphor or saccharin-LiCl conditioned stimulus

Pavlovian conditioning of the natural killer (NK) cell response has been demonstrated by pairing camphor with polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) in nine association trials. The NK cell response could be conditioned also by using combined saccharin and lithium chloride (LiCl) as the conditioned stimulus. The camphor and saccharin-LiCl paradigms were tested to determine if the conditioned NK cell activity was the result of conditioning of the interferon response. Interferon levels were measured at 6 hr and NK cell activity at 24 hr after application of the conditioned stimulus. The interferon levels measured in separate experiments were not uniformly elevated in conditioned animals compared with controls.     

贴敷类医疗器械产品中非法添加樟脑、薄荷脑、冰片的情况分析

目的 检测26家企业34批次的贴敷类医疗器械产品中的樟脑、薄荷脑、冰片,为制订产品标准或补充检验方法提供参考.方法 采用气相色谱法对贴敷类医疗器械产品中的樟脑、薄荷脑、冰片进行初筛,再采用气-质联用法(GC-MS)对结果进行确证.结果 34批样品中樟脑、薄荷脑、冰片,10批次全部检出,3批次全部未检出,21批次部分检出.34批样品中樟脑共26批次检出;薄荷脑共22批次检出;冰片共18批次检出.结果未表明明显地域差异.结论 贴敷类医疗器械产品中樟脑、薄荷脑、冰片的添加情况非常普遍,形势较为严峻,建议补充该类产品非法添加樟脑、薄荷脑、冰片的法定检验方法,为产品质量控制、分类界定和行政执法提供技术支持.     

GC法测定复方薄樟桉油溶液中桉油精、樟脑、薄荷脑的含量

摘 要 目的：建立复方薄樟桉油溶液中桉油精、樟脑和薄荷脑含量的GC测定方法。方法: 色谱柱: HP INNOWAX 19091N 216柱（60 m×0.32 mm,0.50 μm）;载气：氮气,流量为30 ml·min-1;燃气:氢气,流量为40 ml·min-1;助燃气：空气,流量为400 ml·min-1;检测器:氢火焰离子化检测器（FID）;进样口温度:250℃;升温程序：初始温度为50℃,维持5min,以10℃·min-1的速率升温至160℃,维持5 min,再以20℃·min-1的速率升温至220℃,维持3min;检测器温度为250℃;分流比为15〖KG*9〗∶〖KG-*2〗1;进样量:1 μl。结果: 桉油精、樟脑、薄荷脑分别在0.031 9～2.550 0 mg·ml-1（r=1.000 0）、0.041 3～3.305 0 mg·ml-1（r=1.000 0）、0.053 7～4.294 0 mg· ml-1（r=1.000 0）范围内与其和内标物的峰面积比值呈良好的线性关系,平均回收率分别为98.24%、98.97%、98.98%,RSD分别为0.3%、0.4%、0.5%（n=9）。结论: 本方法灵敏、准确,重现性好,可用于复方薄樟桉油溶液中桉油精、樟脑和薄荷脑的测定。     

GC法测定新型狗皮膏中樟脑的含量

目的初步建立新型狗皮膏中樟脑的含量测定方法。方法 GC法采用弹性石英毛细管柱DB-WAX（柱长30 m,内径0.32 mm,膜厚度0.25μm）,FID检测器;柱温为110℃;结果樟脑含量计算的回归方程为Y=3229.2 X-15.657,r=0.9997,在0.033 88~1.694μg范围内,呈良好的线性关系,样品的平均回收率为96.90%,RSD为1.74%。结论本法重复性好,快速、简便,可作为该产品的质量控制方法。     

高效液相色谱法测定复方樟脑醑中樟脑的含量

目的：建立高效液相色谱法测定复方樟脑醑中樟脑的含量。方法：采用Agilent1200高效液相色谱仪,色谱柱为Diamonsil C18柱,流动相为甲醇-0．2％磷酸水溶液（60：40）,流速为1．0mL／min,检测波长为289nm。结果：樟脑浓度在0．2—1．6mg／mL范围内与峰面积呈良好线性关系（R^2=0．9993）,平均回收率为99．39％。结论：本方法准确、简便、重现性好,可用于复方樟脑醑中樟脑的含量测定。     

樟脑药理毒理研究回顾及安全性研究展望

樟脑有兴奋、强心、消炎、镇痛、抗菌、止咳、促渗、杀螨等药理作用,并与其他药物间相互作用,是世界上最早被使用的天然有机化学成分之一.樟脑应用广泛,又具有较强毒性,表现在对卵巢、睾丸、神经、肝脏、心脏、胎儿、孕妇的明显毒性,对肾脏泌尿系统的潜在毒性和较小遗传毒性.近年来,冰片与樟脑体内转化及相互关系研究课题引人关注,我们认为有必要了解樟脑药理毒理及安全性方面的进展,为深入研究冰片与樟脑体内转化及相互关系提供参考.     

气相色谱法测定透骨灵橡胶膏中樟脑、冰片和薄荷脑的含量

目的:建立毛细管气相色谱法同时测定透骨灵橡胶膏中樟脑、冰片和薄荷脑含量的方法。方法:以萘为内标物,采用内标物预先加入法,使用挥发油测定器制备供试液。以HP-5毛细管色谱柱为固定相,氮气为载气,FID检测器,程序升温法。结果:在该色谱条件下,樟脑、冰片和薄荷脑及内标物均得到良好的分离效果。樟脑、冰片和薄荷脑的加样回收率(n=6)分别为98.2%(RSD为0.42%)、102.4%(RSD为1.08%)和101.0%(RSD为2.34%)。结论:本方法灵敏、准确、重复性好,可以用于该制剂的质量控制。     

Contact allergy to 4-isopropyl dibenzoylmethane and 3-(4''-methylbenzylidene) camphor in the sunscreen Eusolex 8021

10 cases of contact allergy from the sunscreen Eusolex 8021 are reported. 5 patients were sensitized to a lipstick, 4 to a sunscreen cream, and 1 reacted to several cosmetic creams. Of 9 patients tested with the 2 ingredients of Eusolex 8021, 5 proved to be allergic to both (chemically unrelated) constituents: 4-isopropyl-dibenzoylmethane and 3-(4'-methylbenzylidene) camphor; 4 were allergic to 4-isopropyl-dibenzoylmethane only. Contact allergy to this recently introduced broad spectrum sunscreen may not be rare. The relevant literature is reviewed.     

毛细管气相色谱法测定红药贴膏中4种活性成分的含量

目的:建立毛细管气相色谱法同时测定红药贴膏中樟脑、薄荷脑、冰片和水杨酸甲酯的含量。方法:采用毛细管气相色谱法。色谱柱为PEG-20M石英毛细管柱(0.25 mm×0.25μm×30 m),氢火焰离子检测器,检测器和气化室的温度均为200℃,柱温160℃,氮气为载气,正辛醇为内标物,用挥发油测定器蒸馏制备供试品溶液。结果:在该色谱条件下,樟脑、薄荷脑、冰片和水杨酸甲酯分离度和线性关系良好,回收率分别为99.8%,100.3%,99.5%,99.7%。结论:该方法简便、准确、专属性强、重复性好,可用于红药贴膏的质量控制。