306例冠状动脉旁路移植术临床分析

目的　总结冠状动脉旁路移植术治疗冠心病的体会。　方法　回顾性分析 3 0 6例冠状动脉旁路移植术。男 2 49例 ,女 5 7例。应用体外循环 2 3 4例 ,非体外循环 72例。搭桥数 1～ 6支 人 ,平均 (3 .45± 1.2 5 )支 人。对手术方法、主要并发症和术后处理进行分析总结。结果　二次开胸 5例 (1.6% ) ,低心排综合征 10例 (3 .3 % ) ,应用IABP4例 (1.3 % ) ,肝功能不全 6例 (2 .0 % )。肾功能不全 7例 (2 .3 % ) ,反复发作房颤 2 3例 (7.5 % ) ,肺功能不全 6例(2 .0 % ) ,脑合并症 3例 (1.0 % ) ,胸腔积液 41例 (13 .4% )。死亡 7例 (2 .3 % ) ,其余病人康复出院。结论　合理的选择病人 ,成熟的手术技术 ,良好的心肌保护及术后处理的加强是提高冠状动脉旁路移植术疗效的重要措施。     

羟乙基淀粉130/0.4预充液对围体外循环期患儿血管内皮细胞及血管通透性的影响

目的探讨羟乙基淀粉130／0．4预充液对先天性心脏病患儿围体外循环期血管内皮细胞(VEC)及血管通透性的影响。方法择期体外循环(CPB)下行心内直视手术的先天性心脏病患儿40例,ASAⅡ或Ⅲ级,男19例,女21例,年龄5～18岁,随机分为2组(n=20):血浆组(对照组)和羟乙基淀粉130／0．4组(试验组)。对照组预充乳酸林格氏液和血浆,试验组预充乳酸林格氏液和羟乙基淀粉130／0．4。胶体预充液用量18-33 m1·kg-1,晶体:胶体=0．60-0．70。分别于转流前即刻(T1)、转流30min(T2)、转流结束即刻(T3)、转流结束6 h(T4)、术后第1天清晨(T5)检测血浆循环内皮细胞(CEC)数量、内毒素、可溶性细胞间粘附分子-1(sICAM-1)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)及尿微量白蛋白(U-Mal)浓度。结果．T1时两组CEC、内毒素、sICAM-1、TNF-α、U-Mal差异无统计学意义(P>0．05)。CEC:两组T2、T3及T4时较T1增高,T4时试验组低于对照组(P<0．05)。内毒素:两组T2、T3、T4时较T1升高,T3、T4、T5时试验组低于对照组(P<0．05)。sICAM-1:对照组T4、T5时较T1升高,T4时试验组低于对照组(P<0．05)。TNF-α:对照组T3时较T1升高,试验组低于对照组(P<0．05)。U-Mal:两组T4时较T1升高,试验组低于对照组(P<0．05)。结论羟乙基淀粉130／0．4预充液对先天性心脏病患儿围体外循环期VEC及其功能具有保护作用。     

The effect of calcium dobesilate on venous function following saphenectomy in coronary artery bypass grafting

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine whether prophylactic use of calcium dobesilate (CD) can improve venous function after saphenous vein harvest in coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 100 patients who underwent elective CABG were divided into four equal groups. In Group A, the greater saphenous vein (GSV) was harvested below the knee and, in Group B, through the knee till the groin. These patients remained untreated. Group C received CD in a dosage of 1500 mg po daily after the GSV was harvested below the knee. Group D received same dosage of CD after the GSV was harvested through the knee till the groin. Venous function of ipsilateral leg was evaluated clinically and by Doppler ultrasonography in the postoperative first week and second month. RESULTS: Clinical findings of venous insufficiency were observed with a similar rate between groups at both early and late periods. In Groups A and B, after 2 months, flow velocities decreased and reflux periods increased significantly. In groups C and D, treatment with CD for 2 months after saphenectomy resulted in a significant increase in flow velocities and a significant decrease in reflux periods. Patients in Groups B and D have significantly more impaired venous functions. CONCLUSION: Saphenectomy results in ipsilateral leg venous dysfunction, which seems to be unrelated to leg swelling and to be more prominent in patients with high-level saphenectomy. In addition, to be careful about the restriction of the saphenectomy procedure into the most appropriate level, prophylactic use of CD can prevent this deterioration when it was added to varice socks.     

Reinfusion potassium blood cardioplegia versus cold blood reinfusion alone in elective revascularization

The purpose of this study was to determine if the addition of potassium to reinfusion cold blood cardioplegia (CBC) offers an advantage over cold blood alone. Forty patients matched for age, left ventricular function, extent of coronary disease and number of vessels bypassed were prospectively randomized. Each patient received an initial dose of CB C (10 cc/kg) with potassium. Group I patients (n=23) received subsequent infusions of CBC (5 cc/kg) containing potassium while Group II patients (n=17) received cold blood only. The cross-clamp time, mean infusate volume and temperature were not significantly different in the two groups. Following reperfusion, the cardiac index and the CPK isoenzyme release at 0.5, 1, 8, and 12 h after cross-clamp release were not significantly different between the groups. The postoperative appearance of new Q-waves, inotropic agent requirement, and reversal of the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzyme ratio were also not significantly different in the two groups. The study demonstrated that following initial arrest with potassium, cold blood is equally as effective as potassium blood cardioplegia in protecting the ischemic myocardium.     

Filtration of fentanyl is not the cause of the elevation of arterial blood pressure associated with post-bypass ultrafiltration in children

Modified ultrafiltration after cardiopulmonary bypass in children has been shown to be associated with an increase in arterial blood pressure. As part of a series of studies to investigate the possible causes of this blood pressure elevation, the hypothesis that if filtration was removing a significant amount of fentanyl, then the increase in blood pressure might be due to pain was proposed. Ten children, aged between 0.5 and 9.3 years (median 3.8 years), weighing 5.9 to 25..5 kg (median 15.7 kg), underwent corrective cardiac surgery (incorporating modified ultrafiltration). A standard anesthetic protocol was followed, with up to 78 μg/kg of fentanyl given prebypass for analgesia. After completion of cardiopulmonary bypass, modified ultrafiltration was commenced at 100 mL/min until a hematocrit of 35% was reached. Samples were taken of arterial blood (prefiltration, 3, 10, and 20 minutes postfiltration), the venous reservoir blood (prefiltration) and the filtrate (5 and 10 minutes into filtration). Hemodynamic data were recorded both prefiltration and postfiltration. The hemodynamic data showed the expected rise in both systemic arterial pressure and cardiac index after ultrafiltration. The plasma fentanyl concentrations did not significantly change after ultrafiltration: 1.59 to 12.39 ng/mL (median 6.27 ng/mL) prefiltration and 2.05 to 15.59 ng/mL (6.29 ng/mL) at 3 minutes, 2.22 to 12.64 ng/mL (6.87 ng/mL) at 10 minutes, and 1.83 to 11.52 ng/mL (5.85 ng/mL) at 20 minutes postfiltration. The concentration of fentanyl in the venous reservoir, 2.06 to 11.64 ng/mL (7.04 ng/mL), was not significantly different from the plasma levels. The level of fentanyl in the filtrate was significantly less than the plasma levels, 0.243 to 1.87 ng/mL (0.894 ng/mL) at 5 minutes and 0.385 to 1.688 ng / mL (0.952 ng / mL) at 10 minutes into filtration; (P < 0.02 by the Wilcoxon signed-rank method). The data show that the plasma fentanyl concentration was not significantly reduced by modified ultrafiltration. The fentanyl levels found prefiltration were maintained postfiltration, and the observed changes in systemic arterial pressure were not due to an acute fall in the plasma concentration of analgesic drug.     

全动脉化冠状动脉旁路移植术与常规冠状动脉旁路移植术近期结果比较

目的比较使用桡动脉和乳内动脉全动脉化冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)与使用一根乳内动脉和静脉做常规CABG的近期手术结果。方法从1999年1月到2005年1月,阜外心血管病医院共有123例患者(男114例、女9例,年龄52.2±10.1岁)采用全动脉化CABG(全动脉化组),血管移植材料为乳内动脉和桡动脉,目标血管桥在2根以上;同期行常规CABG115例(男102例、女13例,年龄60.3±9.1岁),血管的移植材料为一根乳内动脉和若干静脉桥(常规手术组)。比较两组患者术前、术中和术后的临床结果。结果术前资料比较,全动脉化组的患者年龄更小,常规手术组3支病变患者较多(54.5%vs.86.1%,P=0.001),全动脉化组有更多患者选择非体外循环CABG(26.0%vs.57.4%,P=0.001);在体外循环CABG中,全动脉化组需要更长的手术时间;平均移植血管根数全动脉化组少于常规手术组(2.6±0.7根vs.3.4±0.9根,P=0.001);住院死亡率全动脉化组为0.8%,常规手术组为0.9%,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P=1.000);术后近期并发症发生情况两组结果相似。结论对选择适合的患者采用全动脉化CABG能够提供较为安全的近期手术结果。     

乌司他丁对心内直视手术中伴有肺动脉高压患者的肺保护作用

目的探讨乌司他丁(UST)对伴有肺动脉高压的患者实施心内直视手术时的肺保护作用。方法30例伴有肺动脉高压拟行心脏瓣膜置换术的患者随机均分为乌司他丁组(U组)和对照组(C组)。U组在劈胸骨和升主动脉开放前分别给予UST 0.6kIU/kg;C组在同时点给予等量生理盐水。手术开始前(T1)和升主动脉开放后30min(鱼精蛋白拮抗肝素后,T2)进行右肺中叶灌洗,酶联免疫吸附法测定肺灌洗液(BALF)中白细胞介素8(IL-8)浓度。采集桡动脉血行血气分析计算肺泡-动脉氧分压差(PA-aDO2)和呼吸指数(RI)。结果C组T2时BLAF中IL-8浓度、PA-aDO2、RI均较T1时明显升高(P<0.01);U组T2时各参数较T1时虽有升高,但明显低于C组(P<0.05)。结论乌司他丁可通过抑制肺内细胞因子释放减轻肺动脉高压患者行心肺转流心内直视手术后的肺损伤。     

Preliminary experience with inhaled milrinone in cardiac surgery

Background: Inhaled administration of milrinone reduces pulmonary artery pressure. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) and right heart failure are associated with difficult separation from cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Therefore, inhaled milrinone could facilitate separation from CPB. Objective: To determine the impact and timing of administration of inhaled milrinone. Methods: A retrospective analysis of our experience on high-risk patients receiving inhaled milrinone was conducted to evaluate the postoperative course after administration of the drug. Results: Seventy-three patients received inhaled milrinone from June 2002 to February 2005. Mean age was 64 ± 13 years, with a mean preoperative Parsonnet score of 27 ± 14. Inhaled milrinone (5 mg) was administered before (n = 30) or after (n = 40) CPB, three patients had off-pump procedures and were excluded. CPB time was 145 ± 78 min with cross-clamping times of 91 ± 56 min without any significant difference between groups. Fifty-four patients (74%) had difficult separation from CPB, 14 patients (19%) required an intra-aortic balloon pump and 10 patients (14%) needed emergency reinitiation of CPB for hemodynamic instability. Ten patients died in the perioperative period (13.7%). Patients receiving inhaled milrinone prior to CPB initiation had a lowering pulmonary artery pressure after CPB (p < .01) and had less emergency reinitiation of CPB after weaning (3% vs 23%, p = .02) as compared to those with administration after CPB. No detectable side effects were directly linked to the administration of the drug. Conclusion: In this high-risk cohort, use of inhaled milrinone was well tolerated. Administration before initiation of CPB could help weaning from CPB.