中西医结合治疗面部糖皮质激素依赖性皮炎疗效观察

目的:观察中西医结合治疗面部糖皮质激素依赖性皮炎的疗效。方法:98例患者,随机分成治疗组49例与对照组49例,治疗组口服百癣夏塔热片4片,3次/天,他克莫司软膏和湿润烧伤膏适量混匀,2次/天外搽患处;对照组仅给予他克莫司软膏外搽患处,2次/天。结果:两组痊愈率分别为68.89%,12.24%,有显著性差异;两组有效率分别为93.88%,40.81%,经比较有显著性差异。结论:中西医结合治疗面部糖皮质激素依赖性皮炎疗效显著。     

Overview of ocular complications in patients with electrical burns: An analysis of 102 cases across a 7-year period

Background

Ocular complications from electrical burns are uncommon. Thus far, there has been no systematic review on ocular electrical trauma with emphasis on patients’ ophthalmic complications and visual symptoms. Herein, we retrospectively analyzed records of patients with electrical injuries to summarize the ophthalmic characteristics and explore their relationships with visual symptoms.

Methods

We collected the medical records of 102 patients who consulted from 557 electrical burn patients between 2004 and 2010. Ophthalmic, systemic and demographic factors associated with electrical burns were identified in the patient who underwent the ophthalmic consultations. Two sets of comparisons were used to determine the demographic and systemic factors that were related to ophthalmic complications and the subjective outcome of visual impairment.

Results

There were 53 eyes (29 patients) with ophthalmic complication were identified. Corneal epithelial erosion was the most common ocular electrical injury and the primary reason for subjective visual symptoms. Electrical burns affecting the head and neck were significantly related to subjective symptoms of visual disturbances.

Conclusion

Present study indicates that earlier involvement of ophthalmologists in the case of any patient who has suffered a facial burn is advisable. Appropriate management would be helpful to prevent future complications and alleviate visual symptoms.     

Outcomes after cardiac arrest in an adult burn center

Objective

Adult burn patients who experience in-hospital cardiac arrest (CA) and undergo cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) represent a unique patient population. We believe that they tend to be younger and have the added burden of the burn injury compared to other populations. Our objective was to determine the incidence, causes and outcomes following cardiac arrest (CA) and cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) within this population.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective review at the US Army Institute of Surgical Research (ISR) burn intensive care unit (BICU). Charts from 1st January 2000 through 31st August 2009 were reviewed for study. Data were collected all on adult burn patients who experienced in-hospital CA and CPR either in the BICU or associated burn operating room. Patients undergoing CPR elsewhere in our burn unit were excluded because we could not validate the time of CA since they are not routinely monitored with real-time rhythm strips. The study population included civilian burn patients from the local catchment area and burn casualties from the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan, but patients with do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders were excluded.

Results

We found 57 burn patients who had in-hospital CA and CPR yielding an incidence of one or more in-hospital CA of 34 per 1000 admissions (0.34%). Fourteen of these patients (25%) survived to discharge while 43 (75%) died. The most common initial cardiac rhythm was pulseless electrical activity (50.9%). The most common etiology of CA among burn patients was respiratory failure (49.1%). The most significant variable affecting survival to discharge was duration of CPR (P < 0.01) with no patient surviving more than 7 min of CPR.

Conclusions

CPR in burn patients is sometimes effective, and those patients who survive are likely to have good neurological outcomes. However, prolonged CPR times are unlikely to result in return of spontaneous circulation and may be considered futile. Further, those who experience multiple CA are unlikely to survive to discharge.     

手部烧伤后瘢痕的综合治疗

目的 探讨手部烧伤后瘢痕增生的治疗方法.方法 对2007～2011年收治的手部烧伤后瘢痕增生患者46例78只手,采用瘢痕切除皮片移植、挛缩松解、克氏针固定38只手,瘢痕切除局部皮瓣转移18只手,瘢痕切除植皮18只手,瘢痕切除腹部远位扩张皮瓣转移4只手,术区半年内均给予弹力套加压疗法、外用硅凝胶制剂及功能训练治疗,52只手部切口给予蜡疗药物导入治疗,26只手部切口有瘢痕增生,给予瘢痕内药物注射治疗,治疗结束后随访0.5～3年,观察患手外观及功能恢复情况.结果 采用以手术治疗为主,术后配合弹力套加压疗法、外用硅凝胶制剂、瘢痕内药物注射治疗、蜡疗药物导入及功能训练等综合治疗措施,因瘢痕挛缩制约关节功能得到完全或大部分恢复,外观满意.结论 手术配合术后物理康复综合治疗,是手部瘢痕治疗的较好方法,值得推广应用.     

大面积烧伤患者康复期下肢动脉血流动力学变化的研究

目的探讨大面积烧伤患者康复期下肢动脉的血流动力学变化规律。方法选取2016年7月至2018年7月牡丹江医学院第二附属医院收治的30例大面积烧伤康复期患者及同期进行健康体检的30名健康受试者作为研究对象,并分别将其设定为研究组与对照组,检测其股动脉、股浅动脉及足背动脉的管腔内径、搏动频率、舒张末期最低血流速度及收缩期峰值血流速度,计算血流阻力指数,并予以对比。结果研究组研究对象股动脉、股浅动脉及足背动脉的搏动频率、收缩期峰值血流速度及血流阻力指数均显著高于对照组,P均0.05,差异具有统计学意义;而管腔内径无明显差异,P 0.05,差异无统计学意义。即大面积烧伤康复期患者部分下肢动脉发生血流动力学改变,其搏动频率增快、血流阻力增强。结论大面积烧伤患者康复期下肢动脉血流动力学变化明显,值得临床医生进一步深入研究,以指导烧伤患者康复期的临床治疗。     

TGF-β与烧伤创面愈合

转化生长因子-β(transforming growth factor-beta,TGF-β)是一种多功能细胞因子,在烧伤创面愈合过程中起重要调控作用,影响烧伤创面愈合的速度和质量,从而影响烧伤预后。目前TGF-β的研究成果主要来自于急性伤口愈合、肿瘤生发侵袭等方面。在烧伤创面愈合领域,目前关注的重点集中于TGF-β与上皮间质转化(epithelial to mesenchymal transition,EMT)、TGF-β的促瘢痕机制、血清TGF-β与烧伤创面愈合结局的关系、TGF-β对免疫功能的影响,以及针对烧伤后TGF-β异常表达的药物干预研究等领域。本文就TGF-β与烧伤创面愈合的相关研究进展进行综述,以期为临床研究和治疗提供参考资料。     

Growth factor therapy in patients with partial‐thickness burns: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

Growth factor (GF) therapy has shown promise in treating a variety of refractory wounds. However, evidence supporting its routine use in burn injury remains uncertain. We performed this systematic review and meta‐analysis assessing randomised controlled trials (RCTs) to investigate efficacy and safety of GFs in the management of partial‐thickness burns. Electronic searches were conducted in PubMed and the Cochrane databases. Endpoint results analysed included wound healing and scar formation. Thirteen studies comprising a total of 1924 participants with 2130 wounds (1131 GF receiving patients versus 999 controls) were identified and included, evaluating the effect of fibroblast growth factor (FGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and granulocyte macrophage‐colony stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) on partial‐thickness burns. Topical application of these agents significantly reduced healing time by 5·02 (95% confidence interval, 2·62 to 7·42), 3·12 (95% CI, 1·11 to 5·13) and 5·1 (95% CI, 4·02 to 6·18) days, respectively, compared with standard wound care alone. In addition, scar improvement following therapy with FGF and EGF was evident in terms of pigmentation, pliability, height and vascularity. No significant increase in adverse events was observed in patients receiving GFs. These results suggested that GF therapy could be an effective and safe add‐on to standard wound care for partial‐thickness burns. High‐quality, adequately powered trials are needed to further confirm the conclusion.     

早期治疗与康复一体化护理模式在手深度烧伤功能恢复中的应用效果

目的 探讨早期治疗与康复一体化护理模式在手深度烧伤功能恢复中的应用效果。方法 选择2016年1月至12月安徽医科大学第一附属医院烧伤科收治的手部深度烧伤患者60例,采用简单随机化方法分成治疗组和对照组,每组各30例。治疗组采取早期治疗与康复一体化护理模式,对照组仅住院期间由护士行康复治疗,出院后患者在家自行康复,未执行早期治疗与康复一体化护理模式。随访3个月,观察两组患者伤后2周手部创面上皮覆盖百分比及创面愈合时间、伤后3个月手部创面愈合后的瘢痕指数（SI）和平均手指关节总活动度。结果 治疗组患者伤后2周,手部创面上皮覆盖情况优于对照组,创面愈合时间提前,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。伤后3个月,治疗组SI为（6.04±1.38）,对照组为（11.27±1.96）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;治疗组平均手指关节总活动度（TAM）为（212.21±29.42）°,对照组为（126.12±32.42）°,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 早期治疗与康复一体化护理模式是恢复手深度烧伤患者手功能的有效方法。     

Measurement of Hansen Solubility Parameters of third-degree burn eschar

Topical drug therapy is one of the most effective approaches in third-degree burn wound treatments. To optimize and enhance drug permeation through burn eschar, we need to characterize this barrier, most importantly, its affinity to drugs; the subject of this investigation.Hansen Solubility Parameters (HSP), as polarity and affinity scale, were measured here for human third-degree burn eschar through uptake studies using 19 solvents at 25 °C and 32 °C and two hydration levels by gravimetric method combined with thermal analysis and Karl Fischer titration. HSP parameters of dispersion (δ_D), bipolar (δ_P), and hydrogen bonding (δ_H) were calculated by HSPiP software.Results showed δ_D, δ_P, and δ_H of 17.0, 12.5, 14.6 and 16.8, 12.4, 14.4 at 25 and 32 °C respectively for normally-hydrated samples. Full hydration increased HSP values to 17.2, 12.9, 15.3 (25 °C) and 17.1, 12.8, 15.1 (32 °C). Good correlations between solvents uptakes and HSP values were observed for all parameters; higher for δ_P. Increased temperature decreased them with more changes in δ_H. Relative Energy Differences (RED) were calculated and shown to be a good parameter for predicting drug-eschar affinity.The obtained information is useful for drug selection and carrier design in drug delivery through burn eschar.     

The use of a novel burn dressing out of bacterial nanocellulose compared to the French standard of care in paediatric 2nd degree burns – A retrospective analysis

PurposePaediatric burn care is a delicate discipline which benefits from special attention. Despite being highly effective, the current standard of care for second degree burns in the largest paediatric burn center in France – exposure to infrared light – involves long hospital stays, straining economic and professional resources, especially in times of a pandemic. The present study investigated this standard of care and compared it to the use of a bacterial nanocellulose dressing.Materials and methodsA retrospective analysis of two groups has been performed: the control group assessed thirty consecutive children treated with the standard of care, and the intervention group assessed thirty consecutive children treated with the bacterial nanocellulose dressing. Parameters evaluated were: healed wounds, additional treatments, rate of infections, hospital length of stay, pain experience and overall satisfaction.ResultsThe two groups did not differ significantly in terms of age and TBSA. A significant reduction in hospital length of stay (p < .001) and pain experience (p < .001) could be observed. In terms of healed wounds, additional treatments and infections, the two groups were equally matched (p > .05) with satisfactory results in both groups. Tendencies towards better results could be seen in the intervention group.ConclusionThe use of bacterial nanocellulose wound dressings is an important tool in the armamentarium of today’s burn surgeons. Satisfying results were achieved, ameliorating burn care for children. Future studies are indicated to further support its value and assess the economic impact.