诱发口腔鳞癌细胞凋亡嵌合基因表达载体的构建

目的：获取含凋亡基因fas表达调控元 件cdc25A片段和fas开放阅读框架的cdc25A -fas嵌合基因，构建和鉴定真核表达载体pAdTrack-CMV-cdc25A -fas和pAdTrack-cdc25A-fas，为将口腔鳞癌细胞固有的 促细胞增殖信号转变为促细胞凋亡信号的研究奠定基础。方法:根据fa s基因、cdc25A已知序列设计合成引物，采用PCR技术从pBLF58-1质 粒中扩增得到嵌合基因cdc25A-fas；然后定向克隆至真核表达载 体pAdTrack-CMV和pAdTrack，分别转化大肠杆菌E.coli DH5α感受态细胞；卡那霉素筛 选阳性克隆；进行PCR、酶切鉴定和序列分析。结果：PCR扩增得到特异 的 1 603 bp的cdc25A-fas片段；筛选并鉴定得到含pAdTrac k-CMV-cdc25A-fas和pAdTrack-cdc25A- fas的大肠杆菌E.coli DH5α阳性克隆。结论:成功构建了真核表 达载体pAdTrack-CMV-cdc25A-fas和pAdTrack-cdc25 A-fas,为下一步研究其在肿瘤基因治疗中的作用奠定基础。     

u-PAR反义核酸载体的构建与高侵袭人前列腺癌细胞PC-3M亚系的转染

目的:为了特异封闭PC-3M高侵袭亚系尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物受体(u-PAR)的表达,观察其对侵袭能力的抑制效应。方法: 应用RT-PCR获得u-PAR的cDNA片段,反向插入pcDNA3质粒载体中,构建u-PAR反义核酸载体并导入高侵袭亚系中;借助RT-PCR和免疫组化检测转染细胞u-PAR的表达。 结果:u-PAR反义核酸载体转染株的u-PAR mRNA和蛋白质水平明显低于对照组,抑制率分别为53%和73%,同时其体外侵袭能力亦明显降低,抑制率为79%。 结论: u-PAR反义核酸在PC-3M高侵袭亚系中发挥了特异封闭作用,为进一步观察u-PAR反义核酸抑制高侵袭前列腺癌细胞亚系的侵袭效应提供了细胞模型。     

Anaplastic large cell Ki-1 lymphoma with bone involvement: Report of two cases

Two cases of anaplastic large cell Ki-1 lymphoma involving bone as the most prominent and initial manifestation are reported. The first patient was a 20-year-old male who had back pain and incomplete paraparesis due to vertebral involvement. The second was a 14-year-old girl, whose first clinical signs were fever of unknown origin and sternal bone pain. Radiologically, skeletal lesions were lytic and destructive. Histopathologically, the tumour cells had pleomorphic bizarre nuclei and abundant basophilic cytoplasm. Immunohistochemically, Ki-1 (CD30) reactivity was strongly positive in both cases. Tumour cells were also CD3, CD4, epithelial membrane antigen and interleukin-2 receptor positive in the first case, and CD10, HLA-DR positive in the second case. The former tumour was considered to be of T-cell lineage and the latter of lymphoid progenitor cell origin. Radiation and chemotherapy were temporarily effective. However, both patients died 14 and 7 months after diagnosis, respectively, due to systemic lymph node involvement. These observations suggest that the prognosis for Ki-1 lymphoma involving bone is poorer than indicated in previous reports.     

特殊类型周围神经肿瘤

目的：介绍特殊类型周围神经肿瘤的病理诊断。方法：收集外检和会诊中遇到的各种类型周围神经肿瘤进行回顾性分析，并作必要的免疫组化标记和鉴别诊断，报道９例罕见的特殊类型周围神经肿瘤。结果：９例中：上皮样恶性周围神经鞘膜瘤，恶性嵘螈瘤，黑色素性神经鞘瘤，婴儿黑色素性神经外胚叶瘤腺性神经纤维瘤，神经鞘粘液瘤，节细胞性神经母细胞瘤，恶性颗粒细胞瘤和透明细胞肉瘤各１例，结论：特殊类型周围神经肿瘤的形成与原始神经     

乳腺癌波形蛋白表达的生物学意义

应用波形蛋白童克隆抗体（Ｖｉｍ）免疫组化ＡＢＣ法对７５例乳腺癌进行标记分析。结果显示，Ｖｉｍ阳性３４例，阳性率４５．３％。统计分析表明，Ｖｉｍ表达与肿瘤的组织学分级有关（Ｐ＜０．００５），Ｖｉｍ阳性肿瘤的ＡｇＮＯＲ均数大于阴性组）Ｐ＜０．０１），Ｖｉｍ阳性组病人的５年生存率低（Ｐ＜０．００５）。以上提示了乳腺癌Ｖｉｍ表达是肿瘤分化低、细胞增生活跃和病人预后不良的指征。     

pathological prognostic factors in breast cancer. I. The value of histological grade in breast cancer: experience from a large study with long-term follow-up

Morphological assessment of the degree of differentiation has been shown in numerous studies to provide useful prognostic information in breast cancer, but until recently histological grading has not been accepted as a routine procedure, mainly because of perceived problems with reproducibility and consistency. In the Nottingham/Tenovus Primary Breast Cancer Study the most commonly used method, described by Bloom & Richardson, has been modified in order to make the criteria more objective. The revised technique involves semiquantitative evaluation of three morphological features--the percentage of tubule formation, the degree of nuclear pleomorphism and an accurate mitotic count using a defined field area. A numerical scoring system is used and the overall grade is derived from a summation of individual scores for the three variables: three grades of differentiation are used. Since 1973, over 2200 patients with primary operable breast cancer have been entered into a study of multiple prognostic factors. Histological grade, assessed in 1831 patients, shows a very strong correlation with prognosis; patients with grade I tumours have a significantly better survival than those with grade II and III tumours (P less than 0.0001). These results demonstrate that this method for histological grading provides important prognostic information and, if the grading protocol is followed consistently, reproducible results can be obtained. Histological grade forms part of the multifactorial Nottingham prognostic index, together with tumour size and lymph node stage, which is used to stratify individual patients for appropriate therapy.     

Influence of HRT on prognostic factors for breast cancer: a systematic review after the Women's Health Initiative trial

INTRODUCTION: Mortality due to breast cancer has been reported to be the same or even lower in HRT users than in non-users. This has been attributed to earlier diagnosis and to better prognosis. Nevertheless, more advanced disease in HRT users was reported recently by the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) study. The objective of this study was to assess, using a systematic review of current literature, whether the data of the WHI study are in contradiction to observational data. METHODS: We selected 25 studies, for which we evaluated the methodology, the characteristics of the studied populations, confounding breast cancer risk factors and prognostic indicators. RESULTS: The WHI study, showing a worsening of some prognostic parameters, is in contradiction to most published observational studies. Most observational studies are retrospective, not well matched and did not consider most confounding factors. Their methodology and selection criteria varied considerably and the number of patients was often small. No differences in the distributions of histology, grade or steroid receptors were observed in the WHI trial, while this was the case in some of the observational studies. Other parameters (S phase, protein Neu, Bcl-2 gene, protein p53 and E-cadherin, cathepsin D) were not reported in the WHI trial. CONCLUSIONS: In view of these data, the current clinical message to patients should be changed: one can no longer declare that breast cancers developed while using HRT are of better prognosis.     

The skeleton as a unique environment for breast cancer cells

Bone is a favored location for several cancer metastases especially breast, prostate and myeloma. This review evaluates various properties of the skeleton that contribute to its successful colonization by breast cancer cells. The first consideration is the unique aspects of the vasculature of metaphyseal bone, which may account for the initial lodging of breast cancer cells in specific regions of the skeleton. Metasphyseal bone, found at the ends of long bone, in ribs and in vertebrae, is comprised of trabecular bone interspersed with marrow and a rich vasculature. The chemotactic factors that arise from bone marrow and bone cells are discussed in terms of cancer cell migration out of the vasculature and entry of cancer cells into the marrow cavity. Once the breast cancer cells have migrated into the metaphysis, they interact both directly and indirectly with bone cells and other cells in the marrow. As tumor growth progresses, functional bone cells are lost, most likely through apoptosis. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

胞膜雌激素受体信号通路与乳腺癌的关系

雌激素通过分布于细胞膜的雌激素结合蛋白, 激活细胞内信号级联放大反应，从而改变胞内蛋白功能和调控基因表达，此为雌激素非基因组作用模式或称膜启动的雌激素应答。雌激素基因组与非基因组作用的交叉对话在调控转录中有重要意义。在人类乳腺癌的发生、发展和转化过程中，除由雌激素诱导的核内事件外，膜启动的雌激素应答同样影响细胞的增殖与凋亡机制。     

Diagnosis of metastatic lesions to the stomach by salvage cytology

Summary Secondary neoplasms of the stomach are rare and are often clinical and diagnostic problems. Three patients with bleeding volcano-like ulcers were diagnosed by combined endoscopic salvage cytology and surgical biopsy as having metastatic submucosal lesions from hematologic spread. The combination of endoscopic appearance, clinical findings, and tissue and cytologic examination can lead to the correct diagnosis. The results from these cases support the utility of this cytologic technique in combination with biopsy in this clinical setting.