Artificial bone of porous tricalcium phosphate ceramics and its preliminary clinical application

Summary The authors have prepared the artificial bone of porous tricalcium phosphate ceramics according to an appropriate formula and manufacturing technology. Physical and chemical testing shows that it possesses several distinguishing features: the communicating pores and macro/micropores; mean pore size, 380 μm (from 240 μm to 510 μm); porosity, 46.4 %; and compressive strength, 97.4 kg/cm². It consists of CaO (49.09 %) and P₂O₅ (48.84 %). The testing of its biocompatibility shows that it is devoid of systemic or local toxicity, and free of irritation or foreign body response in tissues, and it does not result in hemolysis or mutation. The new bone readily grows into its pores with direct contact to the implanted material. 11 cases of bone defects were treated with this artificial bone with satisfactory results.     

营养性驱铅饮料的研究

本文研究营养性驱铅饮料的动物和人群试验。饮料与铅料动物组间比较,饮料组动物的尿、粪排铅量高,分别是对照组的1.5倍和1.1倍;血、肝、肾中含量低;体内 Zn、Cu、Fe 等微量元素基本稳定。其体重增长与对照组相一致。人群试验:试验组尿铅排出明显,试验末(2月后)仅为试验初的21.7%;血铅平均减少0.39μmol/l;血中 Hb、δ-ALAD 和尿中δ-ALA 等均恢复良好;不影响体内Zn、Cu 等微量元素,无不良反应。     

The epidemiology and surveillance of blood lead in Taiwan (R.O.C.): A report on the PRESS-BLL project

 To monitor the lead hazards in industries and to investigate the prevalence of elevated blood lead levels (BLLs) in lead-exposed workers, a lead surveillance system (PRESS-BLLs) has been established and operated in Taiwan, Republic of China, since July 1993. A cohort of lead-exposed workers who received a periodic annual health examination at 55 accredited hospital laboratories was constructed. A total of 9807 separate BLL measurements were reported to the system in 1994. The mean BLL was 15.8 μg/dl in male workers and 11.6 μg/dl in female workers. The mean BLL of lead-exposed workers was significantly (P<0.05, z-test) higher than that of the general Taiwanese population (8.6 μg/dl for males and 6.7 μg/dl for females). In addition, the BLLs of 983 (10.0%) workers exceeded the regulatory action level (40 μg/dl for males; 30 μg/dl for females). The workplaces and homes of 57% of the workers with elevated BLLs were thoroughly investigated to determine the sources of lead contamination. These actions identified the causes of elevated BLLs and set up strategies to reduce workers’ lead exposure. The establishment of this occupational lead surveillance system represents a method for monitoring of lead hazards from occupational and environmental settings to prevent lead poisoning. The information acquired from the system can help in the setting up of a priority of prevention and the development of control measures. It is also useful for further monitoring of changes in the BLLs of the lead-exposed-worker cohort. The Health Department of Taiwan can use this information to evaluate the effectiveness of current industrial hygiene practice. Subjects with elevated BLLs have been medically treated and placed on long-term follow-up for sequelae. Received: 2 September 1996/Accepted: 29 November 1996     

脑干区占位病变的手术入路

本文报告了1990年5月以来脑干区大型、复杂占位病变15例.其中,位于脑干内3例,脚间窝2例,岩尖部4例,全岩骨区1例,全斜坡区2例,第四脑室内3例.本组采用以扩大了的岩骨入路为主的联合入路,行肿瘤全切除8例,次全切除5例.2例仅作了活检加减压术.除1例死亡外,均恢复良好.本文结合文献,对脑干区手术入路进行了讨论.     

The Mitek mini anchor in the treatment of the gamekeeper's thumb

The fixation of a distally ruptured ulnar collateral ligament of the MP 1 (Metacarpophalangeal) joint without a portion of ligament which can be sutured or a small bony fragment can be accomplished with a variety of methods, most of which require drillholes through borth cortices and a counter incision as well as the removal of the material at a second stage [1, 11, 13, 15]. The Mitek bone mini anchor (Ethicon-Mitek®) proved to be a reliable and quick alternative [10, 12, 16, 18, 19]. It was successfully used in eleven patients with excellent stability of the reconstructed joint.     

便携式野战—Ⅰ型多功能骨科手术器械

一种便携式野战多功能骨科手术器械。重量仅１．１ｋｇ，体积为２１５ｍｍ×１０５ｍｍ×１５ｍｍ，如铅笔盒，而功能多达３３种，具有结构紧凑、操作简便、一械多用、轻巧便携。价廉实用、效价比高的特点。是基层巡诊、抢险救灾救治中适用的骨科器械。     

NaFeEDTA预防大鼠铅中毒的研究及其对锌、铜的影响

为探讨乙二胺四乙酸铁钠 (NaFeEDTA)在预防大鼠铅中毒及减低铅毒性中的作用 ,同时研究其对锌、铜二元素的影响 ,采用随机分组的动物实验设计方法 ,将 60只Wistar大鼠随机分为空白对照组、模型对照组、阳性药物组和高、中、低NaFeEDTA组 ,共 6组 ,除空白对照组外 ,对其余各组大鼠进行持续性染铅 ,而且除模型对照组外的 4个染铅组分别同时给予二巯基丁二酸 (DMSA)、高、中、低浓度的NaFeEDTA溶液。 5周后实验结束 ,对相关指标进行测定。结果显示 ,三个NaFeEDTA组的血红蛋白含量均显著高于其它各组 ,同时其血铅、脑铅、肝脏铅、肾脏铅及胫骨铅含量显著低于模型对照组 ,而且它们的肝脏铅、肾脏铅和胫骨铅含量与每日每只大鼠铁补充量之间存在显著负相关 ,相关系数分别为 - 0 4432、- 0 61 34和 - 0 3878;除中、高浓度NaFeEDTA组的脑锌水平低于模型对照组以及低浓度NaFeEDTA组的肾脏铜含量高于模型对照组外 ,其余各NaFeEDTA组的脏器锌、铜含量与模型对照组相比均无显著性差异。提示NaFeEDTA可有效提高大鼠的血红蛋白含量 ,能够预防大鼠铅中毒 ,减低铅对大鼠的毒性作用 ;同时对体内锌、铜含量无太大影响     

Inhibitory effect of human blood granulocyte glycosaminoglycans on colony-forming activity of bone marrow fibroblasts

Inhibitory effect of glycosaminoglycans isolated from peripheral blood granulocytes of patients with chronic myeloleukemia and normal subjects on increment in colony-forming units of fibroblasts in monolayer cultures of rat bone marrow is determined by the degree of sulfation of their main component chondroitin-4-sulfate and by increased content of heparan sulfate. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 125, No. 3, pp. 319–322, March, 1998     

Prenatal lead exposure in relation to gestational age and birth weight: A review of epidemiologic studies

Although the adverse effect on pregnancy outcomes at high levels of lead exposure in the workplace has been recognized for years, there is uncertainty regarding the impact of exposure at the lower community exposure levels commonly encountered today. This review summarizes the epidemiologic literature and discusses pertinent methodologic issues and possible sources of interstudy variation. The authors conclude that prenatal lead exposure is unlikely to increase the risk of premature membrane rupture but does appear to increase the risk of preterm delivery. Whether prenatal lead exposure decreases gestational age in terms of infants is unclear. Prenatal lead exposure also appears to be associated with reduced birth weight, but results vary in relation to study design and degree of control for confounding. Adjustment for gestational age, a possible confounder of the birth weight-lead exposure association, did not yield clearer results.     

Intraoperative radiotherapy in the multidisciplinary treatment of bone sarcomas in children and adolescents

From September 1984 to December 1989, 38 patients of pediatric age with localized bone sarcomas received intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) as part of a multidisci plinary treatment program. The age ranged from 6 to 21 years. The tumor histologies were 22 osteosarcomas and 16 Ewing's sarcomas. Thirty-four had initial primary disease (90%) and 4 were treated for local recurrence (10%). IORT was used on 32 untreated patients and in 6 previously treated with external beam radiotherapy (EBR). The IORT field included the surgically exposed tumor bed area. Single radiation doses ranging from 10 to 20 Gy were delivered, using 6–20 MeV electron beams. The median follow-up time for the entire group is 25 months (2–65+ months). The projected 5-year disease-free and overall survival rates are 65% and 69%, respectively. One patient developed a local recurrence in each histological group: one chondroblastic osteosarcoma and one cervical Ewing's sarcoma. Six patients died from metastatic progression: 3 initially recurrent tumors and three primary disease cases. Severe neuropathy and soft tissue necrosis were seen in some patients as IORT related complications. IORT is a feasible technique to be integrated in multidisciplinary programs that may promote local control in pediatric and adolescent patients with bone sarcomas. Peripheral nerves are dose-limiting tissue structures for IORT.