A retrospective analysis of risk factors for meniscal co-morbidities in anterior cruciate ligament injuries

Background:

The association of meniscal cartilage injury with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is well documented in literature. The aim of this study was to examine the relative risk factors for meniscal pathology at the time of arthroscopic ACL reconstruction.

Materials and Methods:

A review of the case records including both in-patient and out-patient charts of all patients who underwent arthroscopic ACL reconstruction during the preceding 3 years was performed by either of the authors. The relative incidences of associated meniscal pathologies were analyzed in correlation with age, side of injury, time to surgery, mode of injury, and gender as the risk factors. Statistical analysis was performed to obtain individual data correlation.

Results:

A total of 192 patients underwent ACL reconstruction during the 3-year time frame. Of these, complete data sets were available for 129 patients. Analysis revealed that the only factor that was statistically significant in raising the risk of meniscal pathology was the time to surgery (P = 0.001). There was a significant increase in medial, lateral, and both meniscal tears noted in cases operated beyond 24 weeks. Further, the incidence of medial meniscal tears as well as lateral meniscal tears increased with delay in presentation for surgery (P = 0.004). Mode of injury, age at presentation, sex, and side were not significantly associated with an increased incidence of meniscal pathology.

Conclusion:

The single factor that significantly affects incidence of meniscal co-morbidity in ACL injury is the delay in presentation (i.e. the time to surgery). The incidence of lateral meniscal tears as well as medial meniscal tears increased with delay in surgery. This should guide us toward recommending all patients irrespective of age, gender, or mode of injury to undergo early reconstruction, thereby reducing the likelihood of developing meniscal pathology.     

髁限制性膝关节假体治疗严重膝内翻畸形合并胫骨平台内侧骨缺损

目的探讨髁限制性膝关节假体在膝骨关节炎严重内翻畸形合并胫骨平台内侧骨缺损行全膝关节置换术中的应用及疗效观察。方法回顾分析2008年1月至2011年1月12例骨性关节炎严重膝内翻畸形合并胫骨平台内侧骨缺损行髁限制性膝关节假体全膝关节置换术患者资料,术前负重位膝内翻畸形平均34°,胫骨平台内侧骨缺损为非包容性,依据AORI分型为Ⅱ、Ⅲ型,采用美国膝关节学会评分（knee society score,KSS）系统评估膝关节功能,包括膝评分和膝功能评分。结果本组均获随访,随访6～18个月,平均13个月,KSS膝评分和膝功能评分从术前（19.5±4.2）分、（16.2±5.4）分提高到术后（87.7±5.6）分、（85.4±8.3）分,分析术前及术后KSS膝评分及膝功能评分的差异有统计学意义。结论髁限制性膝关节假体全膝关节置换是治疗膝骨关节炎严重内翻畸形合并胫骨平台内侧骨缺损的有效方法,术中采取适度的软组织松解及正确的截骨,针对胫骨平台内侧骨缺损选用组合式金属垫块及假体延长柄,适度增加关节的限制性,可以转移力学负荷,增加假体的稳定性,最终获得良好效果。     

胸腔镜隐蔽切口手术11例

目的总结11例胸腔镜隐蔽切口手术的治疗经验,探讨胸腔镜隐蔽切口手术的可行性和安全性。方法回顾性分析2011年9～11月四川大学华西医院11例行隐蔽切口胸腔镜手术患者的临床资料,其中男2例,女9例;年龄34.0(16～59)岁。术前临床诊断重症肌无力4例,胸腺瘤4例,胸腺囊肿2例,手汗症1例。胸腔镜胸腺扩大切除(extended thoracoscopic thymectomy,ETT)10例,胸腔镜交感神经干切断(endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy,ETS)1例。结果全组患者均顺利完成胸腔镜手术,无术中、术后并发症发生。手术时间70.5(30～105)min,术中出血量均<5 ml,术后胸腔引流管留置时间均<48 h,胸腔引流量55.5(30～80)ml,术后住院时间3.5(2～4)d,切口创伤小、隐蔽而美观。10例行ETT患者术后病理诊断胸腺增生4例,胸腺瘤4例,胸腺囊肿2例。结论隐蔽切口胸腔镜手术安全可行,可满足患者对切口隐蔽美观的要求。     

经脐单切口微型腔镜胆囊切除术与传统腹腔镜胆囊切除术的比较

目的比较微型腔镜下经脐单切口胆囊切除术与传统腹腔镜胆囊切除术（laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC）的临床效果,探讨应用常规器械行经脐单切口微型腔镜胆囊切除的可行性。方法 2010年6～11月60例胆囊良性疾病按手术日分为2组,由同一手术组医师分别施行经脐单切口微型腔镜胆囊切除术与传统LC,前者除换用3 mm尿道镜外,余均使用同样的设备和操作器械,比较2组手术时间、术中出血量、术后疼痛评分、术后并发症、总住院费用及术后住院时间。结果 2组均完成胆囊切除,无中转开腹手术,术后无并发症发生。传统组手术时间（47.7±21.6）min明显短于单切口组（62.6±30.6）min（t=2.179,P=0.033）,2组术中出血量、术后疼痛评分、总住院费用及术后住院时间无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。结论 微型腔镜下单切口胆囊切除术可行,不仅具有传统LC的优点,还具有切口隐蔽性好,更好的美容效果等特点。     

Fungal periprosthetic hip and knee joint infections clinical experience with a 2-stage treatment protocol

Fungal periprosthetic joint infections are a rare entity in orthopedic surgery, and there exist no guidelines according to which these infections can be successfully managed. Between 2004 and 2009, 7 patients with fungal periprosthetic joint infections (4 total hip arthroplasties and 3 total knee arthroplasties) have been treated with a 2-stage protocol and implantation of antibiotic-loaded cement spacers. Most of the infection was caused by Candida species. Systemic antifungal agents were administered for 6 weeks in 6 cases and 6 months in 1 case. The mean spacer implantation time was 12 weeks. At a mean follow-up of 28 months (5-70 months), no persistence of infection or reinfection could be observed. A 2-stage treatment protocol with implantation of an antibiotic-loaded cement spacer is an efficient option in the treatment of fungal periprosthetic infections.     

Current Status of Robotic Surgery

Surgery has increasingly become a technology-driven specialty. Robotic assistance is considered one innovation within abdominal surgery over the past decade that has the potential to compensate for the drawbacks of conventional laparoscopy. The dramatic evolution of robotic surgery over the past 10 years is likely to be eclipsed by even greater advances over the next decade. We review the current status of robotic technology in surgery. The Medline database was searched for the terms “robotic surgery, telesurgery, and laparoscopy.” A total of 2,496 references were found. All references were considered for information on robotic surgery in advanced laparoscopy. Further references were obtained through cross-referencing the bibliography cited in each work. There is a paucity of control studies on a sufficient number of subjects in robot-assisted surgeries in all fields. Studies that meet more stringent clinical trials criteria show that robot-assisted surgery appears comparable to traditional surgery in terms of feasibility and outcomes but that costs associated with robot-assisted surgery are higher because of longer operating times and expense of equipment. While a limited number of studies on the da Vinci robotic system have proven the benefit of this approach in regard to patient outcomes, including significantly reduced blood loss, lower percentage of postoperative complications, and shorter hospital stays, there are mechanical and institutional risks that must be more fully addressed. Robotic assistance will remain an intensively discussed subject since clinical benefits for most procedures have not yet been proven. While the benefit still remains open to discussion, robotic systems are spreading and are available worldwide in tertiary centers.     

股骨近端巨细胞瘤的诊断和手术治疗

[目的]探讨股骨近端巨细胞瘤患者的影像学表现特点和病灶刮除同种异体植骨内固定手术的疗效.[方法] 2000～2010年本科共收治并随访股骨近端巨细胞瘤患者11例.男7例,女4例;年龄17 ～44岁,平均28.9岁.Campanacci's分级:Ⅰ级5例,Ⅱ级5例,Ⅲ级1例(合并病理性骨折).Campanacci's分级为Ⅲ级的患者行肿瘤广泛切除人工髋关节置换术,其他患者均行肿瘤病灶刮除同种异体松质骨移植锁定钢板内固定手术.[结果]本组病例术后髋关节疼痛均完全消退,所有患者术后均经病理证实为巨细胞瘤.术后随访时间24 ～ 72个月,平均42个月.随访期间1例Campanacci'sⅡ级的患者在术后24个月时肿瘤复发,未出现其他术后并发症.[结论]股骨近端巨细胞瘤影像学表现往往缺少典型的偏心性和膨胀性改变,穿刺活检成功率也不高,诊断具有一定难度.病灶刮除同种异体松质骨移植锁定钢板内固定手术是治疗股骨近端巨细胞瘤安全有效的术式.术中用高频电刀反复烧灼残腔骨壁有助于消灭残留的肿瘤细胞,而移植的松质骨愈合后可提供良好的远期功能学预后.     

后腹腔镜肾部分切除术中免打结分层缝合法修补肾脏组织缺损的临床应用研究

目的:探讨后腹腔镜肾部分切除术中免打结分层缝合法修补肾脏组织缺损的临床可行性和安全性。方法:2008年12月～2010年12月,对167例肿瘤直径<4cm的肾肿瘤患者行后腹腔镜肾部分切除术。术中采用免打结技术分别缝合肾脏髓质和全层的分层缝合法修补肾脏组织缺损。观察肾脏热缺血时间、手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院天数、围手术期和近期并发症以及手术效果。结果:167例手术全部获得成功,无中转开放手术;术中平均肾脏热缺血时间(20.5±3.5)min,平均手术时间(62.1±10.6)min,术中出血量中位数30ml(10～220ml),无术中输血病例,术中肾脏组织冷冻病例检查3例,均为阴性,术后病理检查肾细胞癌肿瘤切缘均为阴性。术后住院时间中位数7d(5～13d),2例患者住院期间肾脏创面出血,予高选择性肾动脉栓塞后出血停止;术后无尿瘘病例。围手术期无死亡病例及二次手术切除肾脏病例。158例患者随访12～36个月,肾细胞癌患者均未见局部复发及远处转移,9例失访。结论:对于肿瘤直径<4cm的选择性肾肿瘤病例,后腹腔镜肾部分切除术中肾脏组织免打结缺损分层缝合法安全、有效,具有较好的临床可行性。     

Scale‐up of MSC under hypoxic conditions for allogeneic transplantation and enhancing bony regeneration in a rabbit calvarial defect model

To realize the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), we aimed to develop a method for isolating and expanding New Zealand rabbit MSCs in a great scale. Rabbit MSCs expanded under hypoxic and normoxic conditions were compared in terms of replication capacity, differentiation potential, and the capacity for allogeneic transplantation in a calvarial defect model. The cells from all tested rabbits were expanded more rapidly when plated at low‐density under hypoxic conditions compared to under normoxic conditions. Moreover, cells expanded under hypoxic conditions increased in the potential of osteoblastic, adipocytic, and chondrocytic differentiation. More importantly, radiographic analysis and micro‐CT measurement of bone volume revealed the hypoxic cells when transplanted in the calvarial defects of another rabbit increased in the ability to repair bone defect compared to the normoxic cells. Six weeks after allogeneic transplantation of hypoxic MSCs, histological analysis revealed a callus spanned the length of the defect, and several bone tissues spotted in the implant. At 12 weeks, new bone had formed throughout the implant. Using BrdU labeling to track the transplanted cells, the hypoxic cells were more detected in the newly formed bone compared to the normoxic cells. For defects treated with allogeneic MSCs, no adverse host response could be detected at any time‐point. In conclusion, we have developed a robust method for isolation and expansion of rabbit MSCs by combining low‐density with hypoxic culture, which can be applied for the design of clinical trials in allogeneic transplantation of MSCs for bone healing. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:1213–1220, 2012     

Fracture healing in protease‐activated receptor‐2 deficient mice

Protease‐activated receptor‐2 (PAR‐2) provides an important link between extracellular proteases and the cellular initiation of inflammatory responses. The effect of PAR‐2 on fracture healing is unknown. This study investigates the in vivo effect of PAR‐2 deletion on fracture healing by assessing differences between wild‐type (PAR‐2^+/+) and knock‐out (PAR‐2^?/?) mice. Unilateral mid‐shaft femur fractures were created in 34 PAR‐2^+/+ and 28 PAR‐2^?/? mice after intramedullary fixation. Histologic assessments were made at 1, 2, and 4 weeks post‐fracture (wpf), and radiographic (plain radiographs, micro‐computed tomography (µCT)) and biomechanical (torsion testing) assessments were made at 7 and 10 wpf. Both the fractured and un‐fractured contralateral femur specimens were evaluated. Polar moment of inertia (pMOI), tissue mineral density (TMD), bone volume fraction (BV/TV) were determined from µCT images, and callus diameter was determined from plain radiographs. Statistically significant differences in callus morphology as assessed by µCT were found between PAR‐2^?/? and PAR‐2^+/+ mice at both 7 and 10 wpf. However, no significant histologic, plain radiographic, or biomechanical differences were found between the genotypes. The loss of PAR‐2 was found to alter callus morphology as assessed by µCT but was not found to otherwise effect fracture healing in young mice. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:1271–1276, 2012