脑损害昏迷患者上消化道出血的预防

目的 探讨脑损害昏迷患者上消化道出血的发病因素和预防措施。方法 对274例脑损害昏迷患者,分析其并发上消化道出血的内环境因素和预防效果。结果 并发上消化道出血49例,占17.9%,而在ICU条件下早期鼻饲西沙必利、奥美拉唑及氢氧化铝凝胶预防组消化道出血的发生率为40%(2/50);伤后休克低血压、低氧血症、低钠血症、氮质血症、酸中毒、高血糖、高脂质过氧化水平均可增加上消化道出血的发生率。结论 ICU条件下维护内环境平衡、早期鼻饲、胃肠动力及抑酸药物应用,可显著关注脑损害昏迷患者上消化道出血的发生。     

新生儿应激性溃疡出血38例临床分析

目的 :探讨新生儿应激性溃疡出血病儿的防治措施。方法 :综合治疗原发病 ,纠正缺氧、酸中毒、抗感染等 ,静滴止血敏、甲氰咪胍止血 ,效果欠佳者加用云南白药鼻饲。结果 :治疗 3 8例 ,治愈率 86.84% ,病死率 10 .5 4% ,死因为多脏器功能衰竭和DIC。结论 :止血敏、甲氰咪胍合用止血效果好 ,加用云南白药可用于防治应激性溃疡出血。     

产后出血量的影响因素分析

目的 阐明影响产后出血量的相关因素,提高围产期的保健质量。方法 对２４１例孕妇在孕期产后进行问卷式调查,分娩时测量产后出血量。用相关、方差等统计方法分析。结果 影响产后出血量的因素涉及生理病理、心理、社会环境等诸多方面。其中生理病理因素为：①剖宫产术,②胎位异常,③腹围过大,④会阴裂伤,⑤胎盘晚出不全;心理因素为：珍贵胎儿,孕期、产时、产后情绪波动;社会环境因素为：孕期使用吸尘器、电话,上班路途径     

绝经后阴道出血242例临床及病理分析

目的 探讨绝经后阴道出血的病因。方法 分析２４２例绝经后阴道出血并行诊断性乔宫的临床和病理资料。结果 绝经后阴道出血的主要病理诊断分另是功能性子宫内膜（６０．７３％）、炎症（２８．９２％）和恶性肿瘤（１０．３５％）。结论 内分泌紊乱性疾病是绝经后出血的常见病因,年老妇女恶性肿瘤发生率高。     

中华按蚊与嗜人按蚊生物学实验研究

在实验室内对中华按蚊和嗜人按蚊的主要繁殖率指标以及雄蚊、未吸血雌蚊和饱血蚊体重等进行实验研究,在温度26±1℃,温度80±10％的实验室内,中华按蚊的产卵率、平均每蚊首次产卵数、孵化率、化蛹率、成成蚊率分别为79.31％、127.29±47.50、86.56％、87.61％、95.89％、89.93％:而嗜人按蚊则分别为75％、114.71±47.37、75.06％、82.42％、94.44％、95.55％:中华按蚊雄蚊、未吸血蚊、饱血蚊体重、平均吸血量分别为1.12±0.24、1.44±0.32、3.94±0.892.50mg:而嗜人按蚊则分别为0.93±0.24、1.06±0.25、2.93±0.55、1.847mg。经统计学分析,它们的产卵率、平均产卵数和羽化率没有显著性差别,而孵化率、化蛹率、成成蚊率、蚊体重(包括雄蚊、未吸血蚊和饱血蚊)等则有非常显著性差别。中华按蚊羽化为成虫的数量与工龄幼虫之比(S值)为0.7562:而嗜人按蚊的S值则为0.7434     

Anti-thrombotic effects and bleeding risk of AJvW-2, a monoclonal antibody against human von Willebrand factor

1. A murine anti-human vWF monoclonal antibody, AJvW-2, was developed that inhibited the interaction between platelet glycoprotein Ib (GPIb) and von Willebrand factor (vWF) during the ristocetin- (IC₅₀=0.7±0.1 μg ml⁻¹) and botrocetin- (IC₅₀=1.8±0.3 μg ml⁻¹) induced aggregation of human platelets.
2. AJvW-2 inhibited the high shear stress (10.8 N m⁻²) induced aggregation of human platelets dose-dependently with an IC₅₀=2.4±0.3 μg ml⁻¹, but had no effect on low shear stress induced platelet aggregation (1.2 N m⁻²) up to 100 μg ml⁻¹.
3. AJvW-2 also inhibited the high shear stress (5.0 N m⁻²) induced adhesion of human platelets to collagen I with the same efficacy (IC₅₀=2.4±0.3 μg ml⁻¹), but had no effect at low shear conditions (1.5 N m⁻²).
4. AJvW-2 inhibited the botrocetin-induced aggregation of platelets from guinea-pig, rat, rabbit, dog and pig at the same concentration range as human platelets; it likewise also inhibited the high shear stress induced aggregation and adhesion to collagen I of guinea-pig platelets.
5. AJvW-2 prevented arterial thrombus formation in guinea-pigs at a dose of 100 μg kg⁻¹ without prolonging the template bleeding time, whereas the GPIIb/IIIa antagonist lamifiban mediated inhibition of thrombosis at 1000 μg kg⁻¹ was accompanied by a significant prolongation of the bleeding time.
6. These results suggest that AJvW-2 is a potent inhibitor of the GPIb-vWF interaction and a potential novel antithrombotic agent with lower bleeding risk than GPIIb/IIIa antagonists.

     

饮水型氟病区人体总摄氟量与发病关系的研究

通过对丹江口市饮水型型地氟病区两个村改水前后环境氟含量,人体总摄氟量及８－１２岁儿童氟玉牙发病率的调查与相关分析,发现改水后人群总摄氟量中食中氟所占比例约为４０％－５０％,总摄氟量与８－１２岁儿童氟斑牙率,氟斑牙指数,尿氟均呈正相关,总一比单纯水氟或粮食氟更能反映出人群总体氟水平。     

Regression of endometrial hyperplasia after treatment with the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogue triptorelin: a prospective study

Endometrial hyperplasia is thought to be caused by the prolonged, unopposed oestrogenic stimulation of the endometrium. The regression of hyperplastic back to normal endometrium is the main purpose of any conservative treatment in order to prevent development of adenocarcinoma. The aim of this study was to evaluate the regression of hyperplastic to normal endometrium in patients with various forms of endometrial hyperplasia after treatment with the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogue (GnRHa) triptorelin for 6 months. Fifty-six patients with endometrial hyperplasia were enrolled in this trial; 39 patients (group I) presented simple hyperplasia, 14 (group II) complex hyperplasia and three (group III) atypical complex hyperplasia. All patients were treated with triptorelin for 6 months. Bleeding control during treatment was excellent. A post-treatment curettage for estimation of endometrial histology was performed on 54 out of 56 patients 100.1 +/- 44.7 days after the last triptorelin dose, following the restoration of pituitary function. Regression of hyperplastic to normal endometrium was observed in 32 (86.5%) out of 37 patients in group I and in 12 (85.7%) out of 14 in group II. Persistence of simple hyperplasia was found in five (14.5%) out of 37 patients in group I. Persistence of complex hyperplasia was found in 1 (7.1%) out of 14 patients and progression to atypical complex hyperplasia in another one (7.1%) woman in group II. In some of these cases, the presence of risk factors such as obesity, diabetes mellitus and ovulatory disturbances may contribute to the disease persistence despite therapy. On the other hand, in group III, none of the three patients had normal post-treatment endometrial histology. It seems, therefore, that in cases of endometrial hyperplasia without atypia, the administration of the GnRHa triptorelin is associated with high regression rates to normal endometrium. Conversely, the presence of atypia seems to be a poor prognostic factor. Treatment tolerance and bleeding control during therapy is excellent.     

The effect of etonogestrel on VEGF, oestrogen and progesterone receptor immunoreactivity and endothelial cell number in human endometrium

Contraceptive use often leads to disrupted endometrial bleeding patterns in women. In this study, two different contraceptive regimes (Mircette, a monophasic oral contraceptive and Implanon, a long-acting gestagen) were used and their effects on the immunoreactivity of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and endothelial cell number were determined. During the untreated normal cycle, there was a significant increase (P = 0.005) in glandular VEGF immunoreactivity and a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in PR immunoreactivity in the mid- and late secretory phases compared with the proliferative phase. There was a significant positive correlation (gamma = 0.38, P = 0.046) between stromal VEGF immunoreactivity and endothelial cell number. This correlation was also apparent during treatment with Implanon, but not with Mircette. Disrupted bleeding patterns were associated with Implanon and, to a lesser extent, with Mircette. Both contraceptives significantly reduced glandular VEGF immunoreactivity. Implanon significantly increased (P = 0.016) glandular PR staining, but Mircette significantly reduced (P = 0.027) stromal PR staining when compared with secretory before-treatment biopsies. There were no changes in endothelial cell number or glandular or stromal ER during the normal cycle, or with use of either contraceptive. There was no association between the parameters measured with bleeding patterns and histological category.     

A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study to assess the effect of oral contraceptive pills on the outcome of medical abortion with mifepristone and misoprostol

This was a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial to determine the effect of oral contraceptive (OC) pills taken immediately after medical abortion on the duration of bleeding and complete abortion rate. Two hundred women in the first 49 days of pregnancy were given 200 mg mifepristone orally followed by 400 microg misoprostol vaginally 48 h later. One day later, they were randomized to receive either OC pills (30 microg of ethinyl oestradiol and 0.15 mg of levonorgestrel per tablet) or placebo for 21 days. The complete abortion rates were 98% in the OC group and 99% in the placebo group. The median duration of bleeding was similar: 17 (range: 5-57) days in the OC group and 16 (range: 6-55) days in the placebo group. In the OC group there was a small but significant fall in the haemoglobin concentration by 14 days (5.3 g/dl) after administration of mifepristone. The incidence of side-effects was similar in the two groups. We conclude that the use of OC pills does not decrease the duration of bleeding after medical abortion nor does it affect the abortion rate.