复方煤焦油洗剂皮肤用药的毒理学研究

目的探讨复方煤焦油洗剂皮肤用药的安全性。方法通过对家兔皮肤急性毒性实验、对豚鼠皮肤刺激性实验及皮肤过敏性实验,观察复方煤焦油洗剂对动物经皮肤用药的急性毒性、刺激性和过敏性。结果复方煤焦油洗剂对家兔完整皮肤和破损皮肤未引起急性毒性反应;对豚鼠完整皮肤和破损皮肤有轻度刺激性,但给药48h后,这种刺激性消失;对豚鼠完整皮肤无致敏作用。结论复方煤焦油洗剂无明显毒性,皮肤用药的安全性良好。     

某现代化露天煤矿作业环境及工人健康状况调查

目的探讨现代化露天煤矿作业环境及对作业人员健康的影响。方法收集某现代化露天煤矿2001-2002年粉尘、噪声测定资料及测量振动强度。对接触粉尘、噪声、振动及其他有害因素人员进行健康检查,并以该矿非接触职业病危害因素的人员为对照。结果作业环境粉尘浓度超过国家相应的卫生标准的占88．6％,游离SiO2含量岩尘为24．0％,煤尘为6．1％;振动强度较小,45．5％的测定点噪声平均强度超过85dB（A）。作业人群呼吸系统疾病患病率粉尘组为10．0％,噪声组为23．6％,振动组为23．5％,对照组为0．6％,各有害因素接触组患病率与对照组比较,差异均有显著性（P〈0．01）,且随着接触工龄的增加而增高;作业人群尘肺患病率为0．15％,振动组胃疾患患病率（4．6％）高于对照组（O．6％）。随着接触振动、噪声工龄的延长,高血压患病率明显增加,而对照组则增加不明显。结论现代化露天采煤作业环境职业病危害特点是粉尘、噪声和振动常同时存在;作业人群呼吸系统疾病、胃疾患、高血压患病率增加,尘肺患病率较低。     

煤矿工人与煤工尘肺患者氧化应激水平比较

目的 探讨血清氧化应激指标用于煤尘致肺早期损伤监测和煤工尘肺病况判断的可行性.方法 选取某煤矿64名煤矿工人(掘进工34人作为煤尘高暴露组,采煤工13人作为中暴露组,辅助工17人作为对照组)、45例煤工尘肺患者(Ⅰ期23例,Ⅱ期19例,Ⅲ期3例).检测血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、丙二醛(MDA)的水平及肺活量(VC)、用力肺活量(FVC)、第1秒用力呼气容积(FEVI)、第1秒呼气容积占用力肺活量的百分比(FEV1/FCV%).结果 与辅助工比较,掘进工、采煤工血清SOD、CAT、MDA水平及VC、FVC、FEV1和FEVI/FCV的差异均无统计学意义;与煤矿工人比较,Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期煤工尘肺患者血清CAT减少(P＜0.01,P＜0.01);Ⅰ期煤工尘肺患者VC、FEV1、FEV1/FVC、Ⅱ期煤工尘肺患者VC、FEV1及Ⅲ期煤工尘肺患者FEV1均降低(P＜0.05,P＜0.01,P＜0.05,P＜0.05,P＜0.01,P＜0.05).Spearman秩相关分析显示,血清CAT、SOD水平与VC、FVC、FEV1均呈正相关(n=109,P＜0.05).结论 血清CAT、SOD有可能作为煤尘致肺损伤监测的辅助指标和煤工尘肺病况判断的参考指标,但能否应用于煤尘致肺早期损伤监测,尚不能给出肯定的结论.     

Assessment of a potential PCB exposure among (former) underground miners by hydraulic fluids

ABSTRACT

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were used in technical mixtures of different PCB congeners as hydraulic fluids in underground mining in Germany in North Rhine-Westphalia, Ibbenbueren, and Saarland from the mid-1960s to 1986. Mine workers who were involved in maintenance and repair or operation of hydraulically driven machines in underground mines were potentially exposed to liquids containing PCBs. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether this potential exposure which occurred more than 30 years ago was still detectable. Biomonitoring and a structured work anamnesis were conducted on a representative sample of 210 miners. PCBs in plasma were measured by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry with an LOQ of 0.01 µg/L plasma for all congeners. The primary aim was comparison of the number of exceedances of the underlying comparative values for PCB congeners with those of the general population. Secondary endpoint was the question whether there were regional differences in potential PCB exposure. The biomonitoring showed a significant difference for PCB 74 with N= 94 (45%); for PCB 114 with N = 64 (31%) and for PCB 99 and PCB 105 with N = 23 (11%) and N = 19 (9%) of 210 measurements above the reference value compared to the general population (5%). The all over detection frequencies (µg/L plasma median | SD | min |max) of these congeners were as follows:

PCB 74: 0.128 | 0.481 | < LOD | 3.098; PCB 99:0.035 | 0.078 | < LOD | 0.582

PCB 105: 0.005 | 0.031 | < LOD | 0.307; PCB 114:0.005 | 0.024 | < LOD | 0.140

Regional differences were not detectable.     

改性煤矸石对污水中油的吸附作用

目的 评估改性煤矸石对污水处理的应用价值。方法 利用酸和碱分别对煤矸石进行改性,通过热重分析、X射线衍射分析和N_2吸附等手段对煤矸石和改性煤矸石的比表面积和吸附能力进行了比较。结果改性煤矸石具有较大的比表面积（172.4 m^2/g）,对原油的吸附能力增强。结论 改性煤矸石具有良好的吸附能力,为作为一种新型的吸附剂处理污水。     

德士古气化炉气化反应过程的数值模拟与特性分析

利用Fluent软件对德士古水煤浆气化炉进行数值模拟仿真。用Finite Rate/Eddy-Dissipation（有限速率/涡耗散）模型求解气化过程;用Standard k-ε湍流模型封闭动量方程;用DPM（离散相）模型设置并求解煤粉燃烧的多步焦炭反应;用P-1辐射模型模拟气化炉内辐射特性。通过比较模型预测的数据与工业数据的差别,证实了模型的有效性。在此模型基础上考察了煤浆流量、氧气流量和煤浆浓度三者之间的耦合关系和中心氧体积分数对出口气体组成、有效气产率、温度及碳转化率的影响规律,为提高煤气有效成分、碳转化率和保证生产安全提供参考依据。     

Low back pain and lumbar angles in Turkish coal miners

BACKGROUND: This study was designed to assess the incidence of low back pain among Turkish coal miners and to investigate the relationship between angles of the lumbar spine and low back pain in coal miners. METHODS: Fifty underground workers (Group I) and 38 age-matched surface workers (Group II) were included in the study. All the subjects were asked about low back pain in the past 5 years. The severity of low back pain was evaluated with 10 mm visual analog scale (VAS). Modified oswestry low back pain disability questionnaire (MOSW) was used to measure functional disability. Sacral horizontal angle (SHA), lumbosacral angle (LSA), and lumbar lordosis were measured through Cobb method. RESULTS: The prevalance of low back pain was higher in Group I than in Group II (78.0%, 32.4%, respectively, P < 0.001). The mean VAS score was higher in Group I than in Group II (P < 0.05). There was no difference in MOSW scores between the two Groups. The mean SHA was lower in Group I than in Group II (P = 0.02). No statistically significant difference was determined in lumbar angles of underground and surface workers with low back pain (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study showed that low back pain occurred in 78.0% of Turkish coal miners. Although the nature of the occupation may have influenced coal miners' lumbar spinal curvature, lumbar angles are not a determinant for low back pain in this population. Further extensive studies involving ergonomic measurements are needed to validate our results for Turkish coal mining industry.     

Foam Glass Lightened Sorel’s Cement Composites Doped with Coal Fly Ash

Lightweight Sorel’s cement composites doped with coal fly ash were produced and tested. Commercially available foam granulate was used as lightening aggregate. For comparison, reference composites made of magnesium oxychloride cement (MOC) and quartz sand were tested as well. The performed experiments included X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy, light microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy analyses. The macro- and microstructural parameters, mechanical resistance, stiffness, hygric, and thermal parameters of the 28-days matured composites were also researched. The combined use of foam glass and fly ash enabled to get a material of low weight, high porosity, sufficient strength and stiffness, low water imbibition, and greatly improved thermal insulation performance. The developed lightweight composites can be considered as further step in the design and production of alternative and sustainable materials for construction industry.     

Fe2(SO4)3氧化脱除煤中无机硫的研究

以3种高硫煤为对象,考察了反应温度、反应时间、Fe2(SO4)3溶液浓度和原煤粒度等因素对Fe2(SO4)3溶液热处理脱硫效果的影响,并对脱硫前后原煤理化性质的变化进行了研究。结果表明：在Fe2(SO4)3溶液浓度为1 mol/L,反应温度为90 ℃,反应时间为4 h,煤粒度小于0.096 mm的条件下,原煤中黄铁矿硫的脱除率高达67%,而煤中的有机硫含量并无明显的变化;升高反应温度,增加Fe2(SO4)3溶液浓度,延长反应时间以及减小原煤粒径均可在一定程度上提高原煤的黄铁矿硫和全硫的脱硫率;经Fe2(SO4)3溶液处理后原煤的黏结性均出现了不同程度的下降,其中新峪煤完全失去了黏结性;Fe2(SO4)3溶液脱除原煤中无机硫主要是通过Fe3+的强氧化性将黄铁矿硫氧化为SO2-4进而脱除。     

NaCl及PEG溶液中DNA的变性行为

采用热重分析法,对神府煤和蓝藻单独热解及共热解（蓝藻掺混比,即蓝藻与干基混合物的质量比为5%, 10%, 20%, 40%和80%）特性进行了研究。研究表明：蓝藻挥发分析出的极值温度比煤低,而且热解速率比煤快。蓝藻组成复杂、挥发分含量高且含有的不稳定键多,所以在较低温度下就会被破坏,从而以较高的速率挥发出去。当蓝藻与神府煤共热解时,低温下蓝藻的挥发分析出后,暴露出来的灰分覆盖在煤的表面,灰分中具有催化作用的碱和碱土金属会加快煤的热解反应,使煤的挥发分提前析出。当蓝藻的掺混比为40%和80%时,协同作用较明显,热解焦的产率比理论值低。