母乳喂养影响因素分析

目的:了解母乳喂养的状况及其影响因素。方法:将接受产后访视的产妇为调查对象,统一设计问卷,收集资料。结果:151例产妇中,平均母乳喂养率为86.09%。剖宫产或阴道难产、孕产期有合并症或并发症等因素的产妇其母乳喂养率低。结论:母乳喂养受分娩方式、孕期经过等因素的影响,应有针对性减少其不利因素,提高母乳喂养率。     

出生体重对学龄前期儿童生长发育影响分析

【目的】分析出生体重对儿童在其婴儿至学龄前期体格发育的影响及其血红蛋白（hemoglobin，Hb）水平改变。【方法】3～6岁儿童268名，孕周〉36周，性别不限。记录人体测量指标：出生体重及6个月、1岁、3～6岁时身高、体重。问卷调查其早期喂养特点包括完全母乳喂养时间、辅食添加起始月份、母亲育龄、家庭经济状况等内容。血液检查测定外周Hb值。按出生体重和性别分成四组，A组（男）和C组（女）出生体重2000～2999g；B组（男）和D组（女）出生体重3000～3999g。【结果】婴儿期B组和D组体重均分别明显高于A组和C组（=P〈0．05）；学龄前期B组和D组身高均分别明显高于A组和C组（P〈0．05）。B组和D组儿童身长、体重均数值位于1995年中国城区儿童身高体重百分位数表P45～P85之间，A组和C组则位于P3～P30之间。出生体重较轻婴儿0～6个月中体重增速快于出生体重较重组（P〈0．05）。出生体重较高的女童（D组）Hb水平轻度降低（110〈Hb〈120g／L）发生率明显高于其他各组（P〈0．05）。【结论】在早期喂养和家庭经济状况相当的情况下．出生体重影响婴儿至学龄前期体格增长。出生体重较轻者易发生长迟缓，追赶生长多发生在O～6个月中。出生体重较高者体格增长较理想，然而在学龄前期较易发生Hb轻度下降，考虑应作为铁营养重点关注人群。     

Aetiology of preterm labour: bacterial vaginosis

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common condition characterised by a polymicrobial disorder, with an overgrowth of several anaerobic or facultative bacteria and with a reduction or absence of lactobacillus colonisation. The prevalence of BV ranges from 4 to 64%, depending on the racial, geographic and clinical characteristics of the study population. In asymptomatic women, the prevalence varies from 12 to 25%, and similar percentages are observed in pregnant women. Although BV is associated with several adverse outcomes, such as upper genital tract infections, pelvic inflammatory disease, endometritis, preterm birth and low birthweight, many basic questions regarding the pathogenesis of BV remain unanswered. Mucosal immune system activation may represent a critical determinant of adverse consequences associated with BV. An unequal risk for BV acquisition and\or recurrence could derive from different mucosal immune host abilities and\or capability of invading microbes to produce factors that inactivate the local immune response. BV is associated with a two-fold increased risk of preterm birth, with the greatest risk when BV is present before 16 weeks of gestation (odds ratio = 7.55). This may indicate a critical period during early gestation when BV-related organisms can gain access to the upper genital tract and set the stage for spontaneous preterm labour later in gestation. The results of treatment trials for pregnant women with BV have been heterogeneous, with anywhere from an 80% reduction to a two-fold increase in preterm birth among women who received treatment. For this reason, in current clinical practice significant controversy surrounds determining not only who and when to screen but also who and how to treat. Recent evidence shows that individual genetic backgrounds can affect chemokine production. This is an interesting area for future research and could lead to trials of treatment only for women genetically predisposed to preterm birth.     

多疗程糖皮质激素治疗孕34周前早产临床分析

目的:评价多疗程糖皮质激素(GC)治疗孕34周前早产的作用。方法:回顾性分析华西第二医院收治的150例孕34周前早产分娩的临床资料,根据糖皮质激素治疗情况分为未治疗组(对照组)、不足1疗程组、1疗程组、2疗程组和3疗程组。结果:GC治疗组与对照组的新生儿出生体重和身长Z积分值差异无显著性(P>0.05);Logistic回归分析显示2疗程GC治疗可以减少新生儿5分钟窒息发生,但重复疗程GC治疗对新生儿RDS、脑室内出血、吸入性肺炎和婴幼儿死亡、远期并发症等无保护性作用。结论:孕34周前糖皮质激素治疗早产是有好处的,但重复疗程治疗的作用尚需进一步观察。     

Safety of vaginal birth after cesarean delivery.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the outcomes of labor induction in women with a history of 1 cesarean section (CS) who undergo trial of labor. METHODS: A prospective observational study of 702 pregnant women who had 1 previous CS was conducted at Women's Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar, between April 2003 and April 2004. Those with no history of vaginal delivery were assigned to one group and those with a history of vaginal delivery were assigned to another group, and the latter group was then divided into 2 subgroups according to the results of trial of labor. RESULTS: Of these 702 women with a history of 1 CS, 62.4% also had a history of vaginal delivery. After trial of labor, vaginal delivery occurred more often among women with no history of vaginal delivery (64.8%). Moreover, trial of labor resulted in a vaginal delivery more often in women who were delivered only once and by CS (87.7%) than in women who also had a history of vaginal delivery (79.2%). CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that women who have had a CS should strongly consider natural delivery for subsequent pregnancies.     

论在我国全面推行人群出生缺陷监测方案的必要性

本文介绍了出生缺陷监测方案的类型，出生缺陷监测的历史背景，我国出生缺陷监测情况。探讨了我国目前采用的以医院为基础的出生缺陷监测方案存在的局限性，分析了在我国推行以社区为基础的人群出生缺陷监测方案的必要性。     

The developmental paediatrician and neonatal follow-up

Recent advances in modern perinatal and neonatal intensive care have led to an increase in the survival of premature infants. This increased survival, unfortunately, has not been accompanied by an improvement in neurodevelopmental outcomes. Premature infants, especially those with an extremely low birth weight (less than 1000 g) or those born at less than 28 weeks’ gestation, are at increased risk of major disabilities and complex, ‘low severity’ dysfunctions that have significant, lasting effects on their school function, academic performance and behaviour, as well as on family function. Neonatal follow-up programs provide a number of functions to centres providing neonatal intensive care, including quality assurance and audits, research and follow-up clinical care to neonatal intensive care unit survivors and their families. The challenge for neonatal follow-up programs is to meet the often competing objectives of providing clinical services to children and their families while providing quality assurance and audits, and high-quality long-term outcome research components, given the available resources. There is also a need for ongoing research to develop and evaluate effective postdischarge intervention programs to improve the long-term outcome of prematurity and other neonatal complications. Developmental paediatricians – with their background and training in the provision of specialized health care to children and their care-givers with respect to developmental and psychosocial well-being, and in conducting developmental and behavioural disabilities research – play a valuable role in the follow-up assessment and care of neonatal intensive care unit graduates, and strengthen the multidisciplinary research groups necessary to assess long-term outcomes and the effects of perinatal and postdischarge interventions.     

基于常规和三元整合教育方案对超低出生体重儿住院期间父母焦虑抑郁影响的历史对照研究

目的 评价专业人员-父母-住院早产儿三元整合教育方案(三元整合教育方案)在超低出生体重早产儿(ELBW)中的临床应用效果。方法 选取复旦大学附属儿科医院2个年度ELBW的连续样本,对照组常规护理教育方案,实验组三元整合教育方案,采用贝克焦虑量表 (BAI)和贝克抑郁量表第2版(BDI-Ⅱ)作为评价焦虑和抑郁的工具,比较不同教育方案父母的焦虑、抑郁程度的差别和父母入院时和出院前焦虑、抑郁水平。结果 实验组79对父母、对照组64对父母进入本文分析。实验组ELBW平均孕周小于对照组,试管婴儿比例高于对照组,机械通气时间长于对照组,但住院时间并不长于对照组,母乳喂养率也较对照组明显增高,差异均有统计学意义。入院时实验组和对照组BAI粗分[(18.9±9.8)vs (17.1±10.2)]和BDI-Ⅱ评分[(17.2±8.8)vs (16.0±9.0)],中重度焦虑[(37/128) vs (36/158)]和中重度抑郁的例数[(38/128) vs (51/158)],差异均无统计学意义;实验组和对照组出院时较入院时BAI粗分下降了(11.0±6.5)分和(8.5±2.3)分,BDI-Ⅱ评分下降了(11.3±8.1)分和(9.1±7.9)分,中重度焦虑和中重度抑郁的例数均有明显下降,差异均有统计学意义;实验组焦虑和抑郁评分改善值好于对照组,差异有统计学意义。入院时父亲焦虑和抑郁评分均较高于母亲,差异均有统计学意义。结论 三元整合教育方案明显降低了ELBW父母焦虑、抑郁的水平,在单中心的历史对照研究中得到较好的验证。     

OHSS高风险全胚冷冻后FET时机对妊娠结局的影响

目的 探讨OHSS高风险患者全胚冷冻后冻融胚胎移植(FET)的时机.方法 回顾性分析2014年6月至2018年12月于西北妇女儿童医院生殖中心接受IVF/ICSI-ET治疗,因OHSS高风险而全胚冷冻的患者共2 060例.根据取卵日距第1次FET日的时间长短分为两组:时间间隔≤40 d为立即FET组,共196例;时间间...     

早产儿侵袭性真菌感染药物预防策略的研究进展

新生儿重症监护病房中早产儿的侵袭性真菌感染(invasive fungal infection,IFI)发生率较高,且早期临床诊断困难,一旦发生,病情重,疗程长,花费高,病死率较高,预后差。因此预防IFI尤为重要。目前临床常选氟康唑作为预防早产儿IFI的一线药物,但具体剂量、疗程尚不统一,使用对象及预防效果也存在争议。该文对近年来新生儿重症监护病房中药物预防早产儿IFI的研究进展进行综述,供临床医生参考。[中国当代儿科杂志,2022,24 (10):1171-1177]