枸杞品质及其与土壤肥力关系的研究

目的通过测定宁夏8个不同产区枸杞头茬、盛果期和秋果中总糖、多糖、甜菜碱、氨基酸、总黄酮、类胡萝卜素的量及百粒质量,并分析总糖碱比,研究枸杞中这些指标间以及它们与土壤肥力因子间的相互关系。方法采用HPLC和分光光度等实验方法以及聚类分析、相关性分析和方差分析等生物统计方法。结果枸杞中各指标被归为以总糖、甜菜碱和类胡萝卜素为代表的3类,各指标受各种土壤肥力因子的作用不同。结论总糖、甜菜碱和类胡萝卜素这3种成分及糖碱比值能较科学地评价枸杞的品质;施肥时应综合考虑各种肥力因子对枸杞成分的协同作用,不宜片面考虑其单一的相关性。该研究为枸杞品质评价及合理施肥提供了依据。     

不同采收期肉苁蓉中松果菊苷、毛蕊花糖苷、半乳糖醇、甜菜碱及可溶性多糖量的测定及其道地性研究

目的考察春、秋两采收期道地产区内蒙古阿拉善盟肉苁蓉Cistanche deserticola中松果菊苷、毛蕊花糖苷、半乳糖醇、甜菜碱、可溶性多糖及其浸出物的量,并研究其道地性。方法采用HPLC-UV法测定松果菊苷及毛蕊花糖苷量,采用HPLC-ELSD法测定半乳糖醇及甜菜碱量,采用UV-VIS法测定可溶性多糖量,采用醇溶性浸出物测定法测定浸出物。结果春季、秋季肉苁蓉中指标成分总量均达到《中国药典》2015年版规定水平,且春季的量较高,达12.21 mg/g,是秋季样品量的3倍多,为《中国药典》2015年版规定量的4倍。毛蕊花糖苷的量在春季样品显著高于秋季,约为秋季的30倍,波动极大;甜菜碱的量在春季样品中也显著高于秋季;可溶性多糖的量在春、秋季样品中均处于较高水平,尤其是秋季样品中高达13.7%;半乳糖醇及浸出物的量在秋季样品中显著高于春季。结论肉苁蓉春季、秋季样品中毛蕊花糖苷量波动极大;本品含有丰富的可溶性多糖、半乳糖醇,而"油亮、体重、肥厚、质柔润、味甘"为肉苁蓉道地性内在品质特征,丰富的多糖、半乳糖醇是其品质形成的物质基础,可增加多糖作为评价其质量特征的指标成分之一。     

宁夏枸杞及甜菜碱对H2O2诱发RBC膜脂质过氧化的影响

用H2O2,致大鼠RBC膜发生脂质过氧化,观察加入宁夏枸杞不同组分及甜菜碱后RBC膜的保护作用。结果:各受试物对RBC膜脂质过氧化均有不同程度抑制作用;它们抗氧化效能大小顺序为:枸杞干果>枸杞多糖>枸杞渣>甜菜碱。     

甜菜碱合成新工艺的研究

报道了合成甜菜碱的新工艺。该法通过氢氧化钙和氯乙酸的中和,氯乙酸钙的三甲胺化两步反应,最后提纯分离制取甜菜碱,产品甜菜碱含量达到（98±1）%。     

肉苁蓉药材质量标准的研究

目的 :制订肉苁蓉药材的质量标准。方法 :建立 5种活性成分类叶升麻苷、松果萄苷、肉苁蓉苷A、甜菜碱和甘露醇的TLC定性鉴别及类叶升麻苷的RP HPLC测定方法。结果 :14个药材和 11个饮片样品的薄层色谱斑点清晰 ,专属性强 ;麦角甾苷在0.15～1.20μg线性关系良好 ,平均回收率98.0 % ,RSD 0.95 %。 结论 :本法可作为肉苁蓉药材的质量控制标准。     

HPLC 法测定枸杞子配方颗粒中甜菜碱的含量

目的：建立枸杞子配方颗粒中甜菜碱的含量测定方法。方法：采用高效液相色谱法,乙腈-水（85：15）为流动相,流速为1.0 ml／ min,柱温为30℃,检测波长为200 nm,色谱柱为 Kromasil NH2（250 mm ×4.6 mm,5μm）。结果：6个厂家13批次的枸杞子配方颗粒中甜菜碱含量介于0.5428~2.0556 mg／ g 之间。结论：该方法操作简便,结果稳定可靠,可用于枸杞子配方颗粒的质量评价。     

血清中游离胆碱和甜菜碱的高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定及稳定性研究

目的建立一种高效液相色谱串联质谱法(HPLC-MS/MS)同时测定血清中游离胆碱和甜菜碱的方法,并观察血清中两种物质的稳定性。方法以乙腈为除蛋白剂,d9-氯化胆碱、d9-甜菜碱为内标,SiO2柱分离。流动相为乙腈-甲酸铵缓冲液(15 mmol/L,pH=3.5),等度洗脱,质谱检测。结果血清中游离胆碱和甜菜碱得到良好分离,最低定量检测限均为0.62 mol/L,线性范围均为0.62~400 mol/L,日内变异系数为2.50%~7.23%,日间变异系数为4.49%~14.79%。游离胆碱和甜菜碱的回收率均在88.64%~98.23%。稳定性研究中,血清保存温度、时间对游离胆碱和甜菜碱浓度均有影响,反复冻融只对甜菜碱的影响明显。结论高效液相色谱串联质谱法同时检测血清中的游离胆碱和甜菜碱具有较好的准确度和精密性,为临床和科研提供了一种简单快速的检测方法。建议在血清分离后3 h内完成测定或可在3 h内经乙腈处理后放置于4℃,24 h内测定完毕。     

洗涤剂椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱过敏

目的观察洗涤剂椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱（CAPB）在北京协和医院变态反应科接触性皮炎患者中的斑贴试验阳性率。方法对本科门诊湿疹患者进行常见的10种接触性过敏原的斑贴试验：香料混合物、柳硫汞、咪唑烷基脲、甲醛、凯松CG、对苯二胺、硫酸镍、重铬酸钾、氯化钴和CAPB，观察CAPB的阳性率。结果在进行斑贴试验的562例湿疹患者中。CAPB阳性5例，其中4例为全身皮炎，1例为面部皮炎。5例进行相关化妆品或洗涤用品的斑贴试验均有阳性反应。结论本院接触性皮炎患者中的CAPB阳性率低于其他报道，但考虑到洗涤剂的广泛应用,应在怀疑化妆品过敏引起的湿疹皮炎患者中常规进行CAPB斑贴试验。     

Alleviation of alcoholic liver injury by betaine involves an enhancement of antioxidant defense via regulation of sulfur amino acid metabolism

Previous studies suggested that the hepatoprotective activity of betaine is associated with its effects on sulfur amino acid metabolism. We examined the mechanism by which betaine prevents the progression of alcoholic liver injury and its therapeutic potential. Rats received a liquid ethanol diet for 6 wk. Ethanol consumption elevated serum triglyceride and TNFα levels, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities, and lipid accumulation in liver. The oxyradical scavenging capacity of liver was reduced, and expression of CD14, TNFα, COX-2, and iNOS mRNAs was induced markedly. These ethanol-induced changes were all inhibited effectively by betaine supplementation. Hepatic S-adenosylmethionine, cysteine, and glutathione levels, reduced in the ethanol-fed rats, were increased by betaine supplementation. Methionine adenosyltransferase and cystathionine γ-lyase were induced, but cysteine dioxygenase was down-regulated, which appeared to account for the increment in cysteine availability for glutathione synthesis in the rats supplemented with betaine. Betaine supplementation for the final 2 wk of ethanol intake resulted in a similar degree of hepatoprotection, revealing its potential therapeutic value in alcoholic liver. It is concluded that the protective effects of betaine against alcoholic liver injury may be attributed to the fortification of antioxidant defense via improvement of impaired sulfur amino acid metabolism.     

Elevated dimethylglycine in blood of children with congenital heart defects and their mothers

Objective

Congenital Heart Defects (CHD) may be related to nutritional deficiencies affecting the methylation cycle. We aimed to study the metabolic markers of the betaine homocysteine methyl transferase (BHMT) pathway in children with CHD and their mothers compared to children without CHD and their mothers.

Materials and Methods

Children with CHD (n = 105, age < 3 years) and mothers of 80 of the affected children were studied. The controls were non-CHDs children of comparable age as the CHD group (n = 52) and their mothers (n = 50). We measured serum or plasma concentrations of the metabolites of the methylation cycle homocysteine (HCY), methylmalonic acid (MMA), cystathionine, S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), betaine, choline, and dimethylglycine (DMG).

Results

Children with CHD had higher plasma SAM (131 vs. 100 nmol/L) and DMG (8.7 vs. 6.0 μmol/L) and lower betaine/DMG ratio (7.5 vs. 10.2) compared to the controls. Mothers of CHD children showed also higher DMG (6.1 vs. 4.1 µmol/L) and lower betaine/DMG ratio compared with the mothers of the controls. Higher SAM levels were related to higher cystathionine, MMA, betaine, choline, and DMG. MMA elevation in the patients was related to higher HCY, SAM, betaine and DMG.

Conclusions

Elevated DMG in CHD children and their mothers compared to the controls can indicate upregulation of the BHMT pathway in this disease group. Nutritional factors are related to metabolic imbalance during pregnancy that may be related to worse birth outcome.