半仿生-酶法提取中药不同成分的比较研究

目的探讨半仿生-酶法在提取不同中药及成分类别中的应用。方法以甘草、槐米和黄连3种中药为研究对象,分别以甘草酸、芦丁和小檗碱含量及干浸膏得率为指标,通过与其他方法比较,研究半仿生-酶法对上述不同有效成分的提取效果,探讨该提取方法的适用范围。结果半仿生-酶法与水提法、酶法、半仿生提取法比较,半仿生-酶法提取不同类别有效成分都具有一定优势;相对于其他药材,半仿生-酶法对甘草中主要成分的提取效率更高。结论半仿生-酶法更加适用于水溶性成分的提取。     

小檗碱对多柔比星的增效减毒作用及其机制研究进展

多柔比星是临床治疗中有效的抗肿瘤药,但其严重的心脏、肝脏毒性使其临床应用受到了极大限制。小檗碱是从黄连属植物分得的生物碱,具有多种生物活性和药理作用,对痢疾、真菌感染、糖尿病、肿瘤等都有治疗作用。研究发现小檗碱不仅可以通过诱导肿瘤细胞的凋亡来增强多柔比星的抗肿瘤活性;还可以通过改变多柔比星引起心肌病的相关指标来降低多柔比星引起的心肌细胞的损伤;另外,小檗碱对多柔比星引起的肝脏损伤也有一定的保护作用。综述了小檗碱对多柔比星的增效减毒作用及其机制的研究进展,这种发现提供了一种新颖的治疗方法,对多柔比星临床治疗的发展具有重要的意义。     

Berberine in Human Oncogenic Herpesvirus Infections and Their Linked Cancers

Human herpesviruses are known to induce a broad spectrum of diseases, ranging from common cold sores to cancer, and infections with some types of these viruses, known as human oncogenic herpesviruses (HOHVs), can cause cancer. Challenges with viral latency, recurrent infections, and drug resistance have generated the need for finding new drugs with the ability to overcome these barriers. Berberine (BBR), a naturally occurring alkaloid, is known for its multiple biological activities, including antiviral and anticancer effects. This paper comprehensively compiles all studies that have featured anti-HOHV properties of BBR along with promising preventive effects against the associated cancers. The mechanisms and pathways induced by BBR via targeting the herpesvirus life cycle and the pathogenesis of the linked malignancies are reviewed. Approaches to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of BBR and its use in clinical practice as an anti-herpesvirus drug are also discussed.     

黄柏炮制前后生物碱和柠檬苦素类成分的变化研究

目的分析黄柏在不同温度下进行模拟炮制后,不同炮制品中主要化学成分的变化情况,为解析黄柏不同炮制品的科学内涵提供参考依据。方法采用高效液相色谱法检测黄柏不同炮制品中生物碱类成分小檗碱、小檗红碱、黄柏碱、药根碱、巴马汀和柠檬苦素类成分黄柏内酯、黄柏酮。生物碱类成分检测的色谱条件为Ecosil C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);流动相:乙腈–0.1%磷酸水(50∶50)(每100 m L 0.1%磷酸水加十二烷基硫酸钠0.4 g);检测波长:284 nm;体积流量:1m L/min;柱温:35℃;进样量:3μL。柠檬苦素类成分检测的色谱条件为Ecosil C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);流动相:乙腈–水–磷酸(45∶55∶0.2);检测波长:210 nm;体积流量:1 m L/min;柱温:35℃;进样量:10μL。结果直接烘制品、水润烘制品、酒润烘制品、盐水润烘制品在最佳炮制温度160℃下,总生物碱的质量分数分别为3.009 6%、2.993 1%、3.989 6%、4.537 9%,其中酒润烘制品和盐水润烘制品均较生品3.528 2%高,提示黄柏经辅料炮制后有利于生物碱类成分的溶出,且增加溶出率的是辅料盐和酒,而非水。当炮制温度达到160℃以上时,在相应炮制温度下的直接烘制品和水润烘制品中柠檬苦素类成分质量分数未见明显差异,酒润烘制品和盐水润烘制品随着温度的升高其质量分数相差较大,提示水对黄柏炮制过程中的柠檬苦素类成分基本没有影响,酒、盐炮制具有影响。结论黄柏经炮制后生物碱类和柠檬苦素类成分会发生量变和质变,辅料和温度对其成分的变化有直接的影响,本研究可为黄柏炮制后药性发生改变与其化学成分的变化具有相关性提供参考和依据。     

吡美莫司乳膏联合盐酸小檗碱溶液湿敷治疗酒渣鼻疗效观察

目的:评价吡美莫司乳膏联合盐酸小檗碱溶液湿敷治疗酒渣鼻的临床疗效。方法:入选的42例酒渣鼻患者均外用1%吡美莫司软膏联合3%盐酸小檗碱溶液湿敷,2次/天,共4周。于治疗前及治疗后第1、2、3和4周时各随访1次。结果:42例患者中33例完成临床实验,治疗后第1、2、3和4周时,丘疹脓疱型酒渣鼻有效率分别为12.12%、18.18%、27.27%和36.36%,红斑型有效率分别为42.42%、57.56%、69.70%和78.79%。吡美莫司软膏联合盐酸小檗碱溶液湿敷对表现为红斑型酒渣鼻患者的疗效优于丘疹、脓疱型。在治疗3~5天时,21.43%的患者出现局部刺激反应。结论:吡美莫司乳膏联合盐酸小檗碱溶液湿敷治疗酒渣鼻安全、有效,对以红斑为主要临床表现的酒渣鼻患者疗效较好。     

Dietary and nutraceutical approach to type 2 diabetes

Nutritional medical treatment is the first step to achieve adequate glycemic control and prevent diabetic complications. Lifestyle changes include moderate weight loss (7%) and regular physical activity (150 min/week). The appropriate diet composition is < 30% total fat, < 10% saturated fats, > 15 g/1000 kcal fiber, half soluble, 45–60% of carbohydrates with amoderate intake of sugar (50 g/day) and protein intake of 15–20% of the total calories a day. Patients need to limit the intake of saturated fats to < 7% of the daily calorie intake. Monounsaturated fatty acids such as olive oil and other vegetable oils are recommended. L-carnitine, α-lipoic acid, berberine and ω-3 fatty acids can be useful supplements.     

黄柏中盐酸小檗碱提取工艺的改进

目的:以黄柏中小檗碱提出率为指标,考察了Ca(OH)2溶液浓度、盐析量、温度等因素对小檗碱提取工艺的影响。方法:碱提法,并用紫外分光光度计测定精品中小檗碱的含量。结果:最佳工艺是浓度为1%Ca(OH)2溶液浸泡、20%NaCl溶液盐析、低温(10℃)放置。结论:应用该工艺提取效率高,稳定性好,成本低,适合工业化生产。     

Palmatine: A review of pharmacological properties and pharmacokinetics

The aim of this review is to collect together the results of the numerous studies over the last two decades on the pharmacological properties of palmatine published in scientific databases like Scopus and PubMed, which are scattered across different publications. Palmatine, an isoquinoline alkaloid from the class of protoberberines, is a yellow compound present in the extracts from different representatives of Berberidaceae, Papaveraceae, Ranunculaceae, and Menispermaceae. It has been extensively used in traditional medicine of Asia in the treatment of jaundice, liver‐related diseases, hypertension, inflammation, and dysentery. New findings describe its possible applications in the treatment of civilization diseases like central nervous system‐related problems. This review intends to let this alkaloid come out from the shade of a more frequently described alkaloid: berberine. The toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and biological activities of this protoberberine alkaloid will be developed in this work.     

乙肝解毒胶囊质量标准的研究

目的建立乙肝解毒胶囊(黄柏、黄芩、大黄等)的质量标准。方法采用薄层色谱法鉴别乙肝解毒胶囊中的黄柏、黄芩、大黄;用HPLC法同时对制剂中的盐酸小檗碱、黄芩苷进行了定量分析,色谱柱Phe-nomenex Luna 5μC18(2)(250×4.6 mm),流动相:甲醇-0.05 mol.L-1磷酸二氢钾溶液-冰醋酸(38∶62∶1);流速:1.0mL.min-1;检测波长:276 nm;柱温:30℃。结果盐酸小檗碱在0.020 56~0.205 6μg范围内线性关系良好,r=0.9999;平均回收率为100.2%,RSD为1.89%(n=6);黄芩苷在0.0405 6~0.405 6μg范围内线性关系良好,r=0.999 9;平均回收率为99.7%,RSD为2.22%(n=6)。结论本方法操作简便,结果准确、可靠,能有效地控制制剂的质量。     

腹泻清颗粒剂的质量标准研究

目的：建立腹泻清颗粒剂的质量控制方法。方法：采用TLC法对处方中的黄连、葛根、秦皮、地榆进行鉴别;采用HPLC法测定盐酸小檗碱的含量。结果：在薄层色谱中能检出黄连、葛根、秦皮、地榆;盐酸小檗碱在0.46~4.6μg范围内线性关系良好,r=0.9998,平均回收率为96.8%,RSD为0.41%。结论：该方法准确、可靠,能有效控制该制剂的质量。