年龄、基础卵泡刺激素值对控制性促超排卵结局的预测价值

目的 探讨年龄、基础卵泡刺激素（FSH）值对控制性促超排卵（COH）结局的预测价值。方法 对2003年1月至2004年11月在同济医院生殖中心行体外受精（IVF）／单个精子卵母细胞内注射（ICSI）与胚胎移植（ET）助孕术的1252个周期结局进行回顾性分析。结果 随年龄、基础FSH值的上升，获卵数和可移植胚胎数逐渐减少，周期取消率逐渐升高。但在基础FSH值≤18mU／ml时，只有年龄与临床妊娠显著相关，而基础FSH值与临床妊娠无显著相关性。结论 年龄、基础FSH值的上升与COH结果负性相关，而年龄则是妊娠的独立预测因子。     

小儿腔隙性脑梗死的病因与CT分析

目的探讨小儿腔隙性脑梗死的病因与CT表现。方法对43例腔隙性脑梗死的临床资料进行分析。结果(1)病因:头轻微外伤21例,上呼吸道感染8例,水痘2例,线粒体脑肌病(MELAS),烟雾病1例,系统性红斑狼疮1例,原因不明9例。(2)临床表现:偏瘫41例,失语5例,癫疒间10例,突发性耳聋2例。(3)CT:43例患儿发现51处病灶,其中15例患儿发现一侧或双侧基底节区点状或片状钙化,其附近存在类圆形点或片状低密度灶。(4)预后:40例患儿在12周内症状消失。结论小儿与成人引起腔隙性脑梗死病因不同,预后好。基底节钙化与外伤后急性偏瘫的发生有一定关系。     

Distinct roles for GFRalpha1 and GFRalpha2 signalling in different cranial parasympathetic ganglia in vivo

Neurturin (NRTN), signalling via the GDNF family receptor alpha2 (GFRalpha2) and Ret tyrosine kinase, has recently been identified as an essential target-derived factor for many parasympathetic neurons. NRTN is expressed in salivary and lacrimal glands, while GFRalpha2 and Ret are expressed in the corresponding submandibular, otic and sphenopalatine ganglia. Here, we have characterized in more detail the role of GDNF and NRTN signalling in the development of cranial parasympathetic neurons and their target innervation. Gfra1 mRNA was expressed at E12 but not in newborn cranial parasympathetic ganglia, while Gfra2 mRNA and protein were strongly expressed in newborn and adult cranial parasympathetic neurons and their projections, respectively. In newborn GFRalpha1- or Ret-deficient mice, where many submandibular ganglion neurons were still present, the otic and sphenopalatine ganglia were completely missing. In contrast, in newborn GFRalpha2-deficient mice, most neurons in all these ganglia were present. In these mice, the loss and atrophy of the submandibular and otic neurons were amplified postnatally, accompanied by complete loss of innervation in some target regions and preservation in others. Surprisingly, GFRalpha2-deficient sphenopalatine neurons, whose targets were completely uninnervated, were not reduced in number and only slightly atrophied. Thus, GDNF signalling via GFRalpha1/Ret is essential in the early gangliogenesis of some, but not all, cranial parasympathetic neurons, whereas NRTN signalling through GFRalpha2/Ret is essential for the development and maintenance of parasympathetic target innervation. These results indicate that GDNF and NRTN have distinct functions in developing parasympathetic neurons, and suggest heterogeneity among and within different parasympathetic ganglia.     

Cortical cholinergic inputs mediate processing capacity: effects of 192 IgG-saporin-induced lesions on olfactory span performance

An olfactory span task that required rats to discriminate an olfactory stimulus added to an increasing list of such stimuli (nonmatching-to-sample; NMTS) was employed to assess the role of the basal forebrain cholinergic system in the animals' olfactory working memory capacity. A separate group of animals was trained in a matching-to-sample (MTS) version of this task that did not tax span performance. NMTS animals required significantly more sessions to reach an olfactory span of 18 stimuli than MTS rats. Infusions of the cholino-immunotoxin 192 IgG-saporin into the basal forebrain resulted in decreases of cortical acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-positive fibre density ranging from 80% in frontodorsal and frontoparietal regions to 35% in the pyriform cortex and 24% in the olfactory bulb. Postsurgery span performance was significantly reduced in lesioned NMTS but not MTS animals. Span performance in lesioned NMTS animals recovered following 4 weeks of postoperative training; however, these animals' span remained vulnerable to the effects of increased intertrial intervals. The distribution of errors in lesioned animals indicated a recency effect. In NMTS animals, olfactory span performance during the initial two postoperative weeks correlated significantly with AChE-positive fibre density in neocortical but not olfactory areas. The privileged, automatic processing of olfactory stimuli in rats may have contributed to the transience of the lesion effect. The results support the crucial role of cortical cholinergic input in the mediation of aspects of processing capacity.     

药学类专业计算机基础课程教学目标的定位与课程设置

针当前对药学领域计算机技术应用的特点，对药学类专业计算机基础课程的教学目标作了详细的分析和论述。结合药学类专业的教学的实际情况，对该类专业的计算机基础教学的课程设置提出可行方案，就教学改革中几个值得注意的问题作了分析。     

神经元特异性烯醇化酶和脑钠肽在中老年基底节区出血 85例预后中的应用研究

目的探讨神经元特异性烯醇化酶( NSE)和脑钠肽在中老年基底节区出血病人预后评估中的应用价值。方法选择 2020年 1月至 2022年 12月在安徽医科大学附属滁州医院治疗的 85例中老年基底节区出血病人进行回顾性分析,根据病人发病后 3个月的改良 Rankin量表( mRS)评分,将病人分为预后良好组和预后不良组,利用受试者操作特征曲线( ROC曲线)和 logistic回归分析评估 NSE和脑钠肽的预后价值。结果预后良好组中 NSE(13.67±4.51)μg/L明显低于预后不良组(18.36±6.52)μg/L(P<0.001)预后良好组中脑钠肽 143.00(98.00,233.80)ng/L明显低于预后不良组 230.00(120.00,400.00)ng/L(P=0.002)。 ROC曲线显示,NSE和脑钠肽的最佳截取值分别为 15.5 μg/L和 156.5 ng/L。NSE联合脑钠肽时 AUC为 0.76,与二者单独应用时的 0.73、0.70差异无统计学意义。 logistic回归分析显示出血量( P=0.017)、 NSE(P=0.003)和脑钠肽( P=0.033)是影响病人预后的独立危险因素。结论 NSE和脑钠肽在中老年基底节区出血病人的短期预后评估中具有重要价值,值得进一步研究。     

可乐定对豚鼠腹腔神经节突触前神经末梢乙酰胆硷量子释放的影响

应用细胞内生物电记录技术,观察到可乐定使离体豚鼠腹腔神经节突触前神经末梢自发的微小兴奋性突触后电位(mEPSP)频率减少,使刺激突触前神经引起的乙酰胆硷(Ach)量子释放的失败机率增加,平均量子含量减少,但对平均量子大小无影响,表明可乐定能减少突触前神经末梢Ach的量子性释放,但对Ach在囊泡中的平均含量无影响。本工作提示可乐定对交感神经节突触传递的阻断作用与可乐定减少突触前神经末梢Ach量子释放有关。     

亲代谢型谷氨酸受体对基底神经节多巴胺和谷氨酸释放的调节

亲代谢型谷氨酸受体 (metabotropicglutamaterecep tors,mGluRs)是一类与G蛋白偶联的调节离子通道和第二信使生成酶的新型谷氨酸受体 ,在基底神经节 (basalganglia ,BG)分布非常广泛。分布于BG的各亚型mGluRs受体能够调节多巴胺 (dopamine ,DA)和谷氨酸 (glutamate,Glu)的释放 ,其调节效应与脑区、受体亚型以及药物浓度等相关。mGluRs多样性的发现及其在调节BG神经传递中的作用为治疗PD提供了有益的靶标     

藏药旺拉提取物对胆碱能损伤大鼠的神经保护作用

目的:研究藏药旺拉提取物(CE)对胆碱能损伤大鼠的神经保护作用。方法:采用基底前脑注射鹅蒿蕈氨酸的方法建立胆碱能损伤大鼠模型。实验动物分为假手术组,模型组,阳性药吡拉西坦(400 mg.kg-1),CE(0.31,1.25,5 mg.kg-1)组,连续灌胃给药28 d。跳台法检测大鼠学习记忆能力,尼氏染色法观察大鼠基底前脑尼氏小体的变化,免疫组化法观察海马CA1区神经生长因子的表达水平。结果:与假手术组大鼠相比,模型组大鼠跳下平台的潜伏期明显缩短,基底前脑尼氏小体数量减少,海马CA1区神经生长因子表达水平明显下降。与模型组大鼠相比,CE 5 mg.kg-1可改善记忆损伤大鼠在跳台试验中的表现(P<0.05),使基底前脑病理改变部分恢复正常,上调海马CA1区神经生长因子表达水平(P<0.05)。结论:CE具有神经保护作用,可改善胆碱能损伤大鼠学习记忆能力。     

5-氨基酮戊酸光动力治疗基底细胞癌疗效评价

目的:评价5-氨基酮戊酸光动力(ALA-PDT)治疗基底细胞癌的疗效及安全性.方法:回顾2016-2019年我院进行ALA-PDT治疗的17例基底细胞癌患者(浅表型14例,结节型3例)的临床资料.结果:14例浅表型基底细胞癌患者中13例患者皮损消退,仅留轻微色素沉着或色素减退,2例复发,1例于治疗后6个月后复发,1例于...