谷子种子经高空气球搭载后的遗传变异研究

目的 选育出高产、蛋白质和用脂肪含量高的谷子品（系）种。方法 利用高空气球搭载谷子的干种子,在高空飘游８ｈ后回收种植,对其植物学特性及进行分析研究。结果 种子发芽率比对照低５．２％,发芽热比对照高２１．１％。ＳＰ１代植株高度比对照低６．８ｃｍ,旗叶面积比对照高２５％,穗重比对照高１５．９％;ＳＰ３代大穗型株系性状相对稳定,其中ＳＰ３－２的种子蛋白质和脂肪含量均高于对照经高空气球搭载后的ＳＰＥ－３５     

胃镜下探条或自制气囊扩张治疗贲门失弛缓症疗效的对比研究

目的对比分析胃镜下应用探条或自制气囊扩张治疗贲门失弛缓症的疗效。方法1998年1月～2007年12月，胃镜下治疗贲门失弛缓症45例，其中应用自制气囊扩张22例（自制气囊组），应用探条扩张23例（探条组），比较2组疗效。结果探条组23例扩张1～9次，平均3．6次；自制气囊组22例扩张1～6次，平均2．3次。2组术中及术后均无并发症发生。首次治疗费用探条组（1542．57±281．30）元，自制气囊组（861．91±176．48）元（t=9．671，P=0．000）。扩张后3个月的疗效2组差异无显著性[探条组显效14例（61％）、有效8例（35％）、无效1例（4％），自制气囊组显效15例（68％）、有效5例（23％）、无效2例（9％），Z=-0．351，P=0．726]。扩张后6个月的疗效2组差异有显著性[探条组显效5例（22％）、有效3例（13％）、无效15例（65％），自制气囊组显效10例（45％）、有效7例（32％）、无效5例（23％），Z=2．564，P=0．010]。结论胃镜下应用探条和自制气囊扩张治疗贲门失弛缓症安全、简便，患者恢复快，尤其自制气囊扩张器设备简单，就地取材，疗效肯定，在基层医院具有良好的推广价值。     

Iatrogenic Injury of the Intrathoracic Esophagus Sustained During a Gastric Banding Procedure

The wide diffusion of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding as a common surgical procedure for the treatment of morbidly obese patients can be attributed not only to the easy surgical technique, the ability to caliber the stoma, and the potential for reversibility, but also to the fact that this procedure is associated with a low rate of immediate postoperative complications compared to other more complex bariatric procedures. Herein reported is the case of a 63-year-old morbidly obese woman who sustained an iatrogenic injury of the intrathoracic esophagus during a laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding procedure. The putative mechanism of this previously unreported complication of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding and the therapeutic options are discussed. The patient was initially treated with left pleural cavity drainage, antibiotics and the placement of an endoscopic silicone covered stent to cover the esophageal tear. Nine days later she underwent surgery through left thoracotomy due to the persistence of the esophageal leak. Esophageal perforation is a potentially life- threatening complication that may occur during a laparoscopic gastric banding procedure. The conservative treatment with an endoscopic stent should be reserved to patients with no signs of progressive systemic inflammation and include the drainage of the pleural cavity and the mediastinum, the endoscopic lavage and debridement. Standard surgical treatment with direct repair should not be retarded in case of persistence of the leak.     

新型双球囊导管经皮选择性隔离肝脏灌注化疗的效果研究

目的探讨自制双球囊导管经皮选择性隔离肝脏灌注化疗的隔离效果。方法12只成年猪随机分为两组：HAI组6头,进行常规经肝动脉灌注化疗;PSIHP组6头,利用自制双球囊导管经介入放射学方法行经皮选择性隔离肝脏灌注化疗结合血液灌流。化疗药物选用5-FU,分别检测肝静脉及外周血液中的血药浓度峰值,了解球囊隔离肝脏效果。结果HAI组肝静脉血和外周静脉血浓度峰值分别为4658.420±433.204mg/L和1676.140±226.933mg/L,PSIHP组为5321.711±517.318mg/L和65.735±6.425mg/L。两组外周静脉血浓度峰值有显著性差异（P〈0.01）。结论自制新型双球囊导管能有效隔离肝脏,是一种理想的隔离肝脏灌注化疗的球囊导管。     

血管外科技术创新的意义与趋势

血管外科的发展与技术的创新发展密切相关。血管外科治疗范围主要包括主动脉疾病、外周动脉疾病及静脉疾病,近年的治疗方法已明显侧重于血管腔内治疗技术,且随着技术的不断创新发展,既往以开放手术治疗为主的许多复杂疑难病例,如累及升主动脉、主动脉弓的主动脉夹层或瘤样扩张疾病,近肾或累及肾动脉等重要内脏动脉分支的腹主动脉瘤等,亦逐渐采用开窗支架、分支支架等新型血管腔内技术治疗,未来内脏动脉及主动脉弓上重要分支动脉的腔内重建将成为血管腔内技术发展的主要方向。外周动脉病变的血管腔内治疗方法与治疗理念均处于改进阶段,各新型开通装置增加了血管腔内治疗成功率,涂药球囊和减容装置较传统支架置入术的远期效果有明显优势,同时能达到不遗留异物的目的,但现阶段还不能完全取代支架置入术。     

Safety and effectiveness of combined scoring balloon and paclitaxel-coated balloon angioplasty for stenosis in the hemodialysis access circuit

Purpose

To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of combined scoring balloon (SB) and paclitaxel-coated balloon (PCB) angioplasty for stenosis in the dysfunctional hemodialysis access circuit.

Management of aortic valve disease during pregnancy: A review

Cardiovascular disease represents a significant portion of pregnancy‐related complications and is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality in this cohort. Cardiac valvulopathy, and aortic valve pathologies, in particular, pose a significant challenge to women who are pregnant and to the health care professionals who look after them. Depending on the type and severity of aortic valve pathology, pregnancy may exacerbate or accelerate the progression of valvulopathy sequelae because of the hemodynamic changes that occur from conception, throughout gestation, up to Labor and postpartum. Management of such patients ranges from basic conservative measures such as bed‐rest, extending to high‐risk emergency open heart surgery. This nonstructured review aims to highlight the current evidence available relating to the management of aortic valve disease in pregnancy, with a key focus on cases which requires intervention beyond that of medical therapy. In conclusion, the management of aortic valvulopathy in pregnancy is a challenging field with only a small amount of clinical experience and retrospective study supporting evidence‐based decisions in this field. A greater understanding of the most recent advances is recommended to support decision making in this specialist field of clinical medicine.     

腹主动脉球囊阻断应用于植入型凶险型前置胎盘剖宫产中的效果

目的 探讨腹主动脉球囊阻断在植入型凶险型前置胎盘产妇剖宫产术中的临床应用效果。方法 回顾性分析18例接受腹主动脉球囊阻断联合剖宫产手术的植入型凶险型前置胎盘产妇的临床资料。记录术中出血量、输血量、球囊阻断有效率、总阻断时间、子宫切除情况及并发症等。结果 18例产妇均成功行腹主动脉球囊阻断辅助剖宫产术,技术成功率为100%（18/18）。剖宫产术中平均出血量为（1 276.11±761.59）ml,平均输入悬浮少白红细胞（2.86±1.51）U,无一例因出血而死亡。球囊阻断有效率100%（18/18）,球囊有效阻断时间（24.06±26.19）min。4例（4/18,22.22%）产妇在胎儿娩出后行子宫切除术,均由于胎盘植入严重,甚至广泛侵犯宫颈、膀胱、肠道。剖宫产前后产妇均未出现与球囊阻断、介入栓塞相关的严重并发症。结论 对于凶险型前置胎盘产妇,腹主动脉球囊可以有效阻断血流,减少剖宫产术中出血量、输血量,降低子宫切除率及手术风险。     

耳科手术护理配合标准作业程序的构建与应用

目的提高耳科疾病患者手术护理质量与效率。方法按时间段将耳科手术患者400例分为两组各200例;对照组按常规进行手术护理配合;观察组构建耳科手术护理配合标准作业程序(SOP),对护士进行专项培训后用于手术护理中。比较耳蜗植入、中耳手术、听神经瘤手术及咽鼓管球囊扩张4项手术的应用效果。结果观察组前3项手术时间显著短于对照组;手术医生满意度显著高于对照组,因手术器械仪器故障致手术中断率显著低于对照组(P0.05,P0.01)。结论构建的耳科手术护理配合SOP使手术护理规范化、标准化、同质化,有效提高了手术室护理工作效率及护理质量。     

Fogarty取栓球囊与普通扩张球囊用于凶险性前置胎盘剖宫产术中阻断髂内动脉

目的对比Fogarty取栓球囊与普通扩张球囊用于凶险性前置胎盘(PPP)剖宫产术中阻断髂内动脉的价值。方法回顾性分析57例PPP产妇,依据剖宫产术中阻断髂内动脉所用球囊将其分为2组,A组(n=27)采用Fogarty取栓球囊,B组(n=30)采用经皮腔内血管成形术(PTA)所用普通扩张球囊(PTA球囊)。剖宫产前将球囊预置在双侧髂内动脉内,胎儿娩出后充盈球囊。胎盘完全剥离后,根据术中出血量决定是否立即排空球囊。根据病情,必要时加行DSA引导下子宫动脉栓塞术、子宫切除术或转入重症监护室(ICU)治疗。评价临床结局,分为良好(剖宫产后顺利出院)和不佳(合并术后并发症、接受子宫动脉栓塞术或子宫切除术、转入ICU)。通过统计学分析比较2组在剖宫产手术时间、术中出血量、是否输血、输血量、是否行子宫动脉栓塞、住院时间及临床结局方面的差异。结果 A组剖宫产手术时间明显短于B组[(72.37±17.39)min vs (86.93±27.79)min,t=-2.40,P=0.02],输血患者占比低于B组[44.44%(12/27) vs 73.33%(22/30),χ~2=4.93,P=0.03]且术中出血量[500(300)ml vs 700(150)ml,U=190,P0.01]及输血量[0(400)ml vs 400(800)ml,U=249,P=0.01]均少于B组。2组间在是否接受子宫动脉栓塞(χ~2=1.52,P=0.22)、住院时间(t=-0.12,P=0.91)及产妇临床结局(χ~2=1.38,P=0.24)方面差异均无统计学意义。结论与PTA球囊相比,Fogarty取栓球囊用于PPP剖宫产术中阻断髂内动脉的效果更优,有利于减少术中出血及缩短手术时间。