药物涂层球囊治疗下肢动脉疾病研究进展

下肢动脉疾病(LEAD)是由动脉粥样硬化引起的下肢动脉管腔狭窄、闭塞,导致相应肢体出现缺血症状的一类疾病。腔内介入是治疗LEAD的主要方式,包括经皮腔内血管成型术(PTA)及支架植入术,但术后再狭窄率较高。药物涂层球囊(DCB)可在抑制血管内膜增生及炎症反应的同时避免腔内异物存留,对于原发病变及支架内再狭窄均有较好疗效。本文对DCB作用原理及其治疗LEAD应用现状和研究进展进行综述。     

经皮二尖瓣狭窄球囊扩张术对心功能的影响

目的:探讨经皮二尖瓣球囊扩张术(PBMV)治疗非单纯性二尖瓣狭窄(Ms)的效果.方法:使用超声心动图检测65例单纯性MS、MS合并轻、中度二尖瓣关闭不全(MR)和MS合并轻、中度主动脉瓣关闭不全(AR)3组患者PBMV术前及术后复查时左室射血分数(LVEF)值和心脏房、室内径大小变化.结果:3组PBMV术后复查时LVEF值较术前明显增大(P<0.001);左室内径与术前比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);单纯性MS组和MS合并轻、中度AR组PBMV术后复查时左房内径比术前明显减小(P<0.05);MS合并轻、中度MR组PBMV术后左房内径与术前比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论:非单纯性MS患者PB-MV术后心功能有明显好转.     

直接冠脉支架与球囊扩张后支架临床结果比较

目的:本研究对直接支架植入(DS)与球囊预扩张支架植入(BA S)的手术及长期临床结果进行了对比研究.方法;从2000年2月至2001年12月,对155例有选择的血管病变进行非随机分组,Ds组82例,BA S组73例.结果:非球囊预扩张直接支架植入成功率96.6%,3.4%的血管病变需要球囊预扩张再植入支架.两组手术成功率均为100%,无一例支架脱位或丢失.住院期间术后两组心脏不良事件发生率为0%术后两组平均随访时间均为8±3月.DS组与BA S组术后心脏不良事件发生率分别为4.5%及4.9%(P＞0.05),两组之间无明显差异;手术操作时间及X线曝光时间DS组比BA S组明显缩短,分别为52 13分钟及59 15分钟(P＜0.01)及9.5 4.3分钟及11.8 4.7分钟(P＜0.01):造影剂用量DS组比BA S组明显减少,分别为182 35ml及205 41ml,P＜0.01.结论:对某些有选择的血管病变直接支架植入是安全、可行的.与常规支架植入方法相比.直接支架植入可减少造影剂用量,缩短手术时间及X线曝光时间.住院及长期随访结果表明术后两组心脏不良事件发生率无明显差异.     

球囊扩张椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松型椎体压缩骨折

目的:评价球囊扩张椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松型椎体压缩骨折的临床疗效。方法:对52例82个骨质疏松型压缩骨折的椎体,采用球囊扩张椎体成形术进行治疗。测量术前和术后椎体高度、Cobb′s角、术前和术后VAS评分并进行统计学分析。结果:平均随访9个月(37周,4～99周);椎体前柱和中柱分别增高了4.6、3.9mm(P<0.05);Cobb′s角增加了3.4°(P<0.05);VAS评分增加了7分(P<0.05);术后无不良反应和并发症;骨水泥外渗率为9.8%。结论:球囊扩张椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松型椎体压缩骨折安全有效,可恢复椎体高度,改善患者的生活质量。     

高压球囊扩张术联合溶栓治疗老年MHD患者AVF的疗效及安全性

目的 观察高压球囊扩张术联合溶栓治疗老年维持性血液透析(MHD)患者动静脉内瘘(AVF)狭窄的疗效及安全性。方法 选取2019年2月至2021年2月于自贡市第一人民医院治疗的76例老年MHD患者,采用数字表法随机分为对照组(药物溶栓治疗)和观察组(溶栓联合高压球囊扩张术治疗),每组各38例,随访半年,比较两组患者的临床疗效、内瘘血流量、血管内径和狭窄处峰值流速,以及术后不同时间(术后1个月、3个月、半年)AVF通畅率,记录两组患者并发症和再狭窄发生情况。结果 观察组的治疗有效率为94.74%,高于对照组的78.95%(P<0.05);术后观察组的内瘘血流量、血管内径高于对照组,狭窄处峰值流速低于对照组(P<0.05);术后3个月、半年,观察组的初级通畅率、次级通畅率分别为84.21%、94.74%,78.95%、76.32%,均高于对照组的63.16%、78.95%,55.26%、52.63%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者术后并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);观察组的再狭窄发生率为5.26%,低于对照组的23.68%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 溶栓联合高压球囊扩张术治疗老年MHD患者AVF狭窄疗效良好,可有效提高透析流量和通畅率,降低再狭窄发生率。     

Clinical Evaluation of the Cook Advance Enforcer 35 Focal-Force PTA Balloon Catheter for Treatment of Hemodialysis Fistula Stenoses: A Feasibility Study

Purpose

A prospective, single-center, single-arm feasibility study evaluated procedural and short-term performance of the Advance Enforcer 35 focal-force percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) balloon catheter in treating stenoses of mature native arteriovenous (AV) hemodialysis access circuits.

Is facial pattern a predisposing factor for otitis media with effusion in children?

Abnormalities in craniofacial morphology are associated with Eustachian tube dysfunction and otitis media with effusion (OME).Aim: to evaluate the relationship between facial pattern and craniofacial growth direction, and OME in children with enlarged tonsils and adenoids (ETA).Methods: Clinical prospective survey in 79 children (41 male and 38 female), ranging from 4 to 10 years of age, with tonsil and adenoid enlargement (Brodsky's grades III and IV). Forty children presented with OME (study group) and 39 did not (control group). Cephalometric analysis was used to determine the facial pattern.Results: There was no correlation observed between facial pattern and OME (c 2 = 0.25 p = 0.88). Facial Axis was larger in the OME group (F(1.75) = 3.68 p = 0.05) and the Lower Anterior Facial height was smaller (F(1. 75) = 3.99 p = 0.05) in children with otitis media with effusion.Conclusions: There was no correlation between OME and facial pattern in children with ETA although a more horizontal facial growth direction, and a smaller lower anterior facial height was observed consistently among subjects in this group. This suggests that abnormal positioning of the eustachian tube influences the development of OME in children with ETA.     

Treatment of gastrointestinal bleeding in left ventricular assist devices: A comprehensive review

Left ventricular assist devices(LVAD) are increasingly become common as life prolonging therapy in patients with advanced heart failure. Current devices are now used as definitive treatment in some patients given the improved durability of continuous flow pumps. Unfortunately, continuous flow LVADs are fraught with complications such as gastrointestinal(GI) bleeding that are primarily attributed to the formation of arteriovenous malformations. With frequent GI bleeding, antiplatelet and anticoagulation therapies are usually discontinued increasing the risk of life-threatening events. Small bowel bleeds account for 15%as the source and patients often undergo multiple endoscopic procedures.Treatment strategies include resuscitative measures and endoscopic therapies.Medical treatment is with octreotide. Novel treatment options include thalidomide, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin Ⅱ receptor blockers, estrogen-based hormonal therapies, doxycycline, desmopressin and bevacizumab. Current research has explored the mechanism of frequent GI bleeds in this population, including destruction of von Willebrand factor,upregulation of tissue factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, tumor necrosis factor-α, tumor growth factor-β, and angiopoetin-2, and downregulation of angiopoetin-1. In addition, healthcare resource utilization is only increasing in this patient population with higher admissions, readmissions, blood product utilization, and endoscopy. While some of the novel endoscopic and medical therapies for LVAD bleeds are still in their development stages, these tools will yet be crucial as the number of LVAD placements will likely only increase in the coming years.     

Improvement in door-to-balloon times in management of acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction STEMI through the initiation of 'Code AMI'

Background: ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) mandates rapid percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for optimal outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess our hospital practice for managing acute STEMI, identify processes associated with time delays, instrument changes to our acute STEMI management protocol and assess their effectiveness for improving our door‐to‐balloon time. Methods: We aimed to achieve this through the establishment of a quality improvement programme involving the cardiology and emergency departments. We analysed consecutive patients presenting with STEMI (April to September 2005 (group A) and the corresponding period in 2006 (group B), and compared patients presenting ‘in hours’ (0700 hours to 1800 hours (Monday to Friday)) versus ‘out of hours’ (all other times including public holidays). Results: In group A, 38 patients presented with a STEMI. Assessing time‐to‐treatment analysis, the median door to balloon time for primary PCI was significantly greater for ‘out of hours’ than ‘in hours’ (120 vs 67 min). The greatest time delay to PCI was from the PCI decision time to catheter laboratory arrival. Local changes were implemented to improve ‘out of hours’ times, including initiation of ‘Code AMI’. There were 59 patients in group B. We found that our changes led to a 29% improvement in ‘out of hours’ door‐to‐balloon time (median time 82 min, P = 0.005) with 69% being managed ≤90 min (P = 0.049) (group B). Conclusion: We have shown that ongoing review through a quality improvement programme improves door‐to‐balloon times, which is integral in the optimal management of patients with acute STEMI treated with primary PCI.