耳穴静态电测量中的瞬变响应

耳穴电参数时变关系实验表明，在测量起始ｔ＜２τ时，因瞬变作用，电位Ｅ（ｔ）和压降Ｕ（ｔ）为瞬态响应，响应函数呈指数关系，特征参数为弛豫时间τ，τ≈ＲＣ；ｔ＞２τ时，为时变间期。电路分析给出数学描述，并与耳穴和模拟实验结果较相符。提示，时变特征应以ｔ＞２τ后提取，静态电测量时，采样应避开瞬变期，可提高准确性。该工作对正确鉴别时变性和特征提取，全面认识耳穴电特性具有重要意义。     

Simultaneous recording of the transpulmonary pressure and electromyogram of the diaphragm

To record the hysteresis loop and electromyogram of the diaphragm simultaneously it is recommended that a standard probe of the sort used to record the intraesophageal pressure, on which silver electrodes are mounted, be used. This method provides fuller information on the work of the respiratory muscles.Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR V. G. Baranov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 85, No. 1, pp. 95–96, January, 1978.     

苯丙胺类兴奋剂(ATS)娱乐性使用情况及其人群特征

目的 :了解娱乐性ATS使用者的人口学特征 ,使用方式及其他有关问题。方法 :采用病例发现法和易接近对象晤谈法 ,并结合滚雪球的方法 ,以问卷方式收集娱乐性ATS使用者的有关资料。结果 :娱乐性ATS使用者平均年龄 2 3 97± 4 95岁。未婚占 6 4 4 % ,同居占 1 5 3% ,离婚占 8 5%。高中及以上文化者占 84 7%。职业以服务员、个体商人和性工作者居多。摇头丸是最主要的滥用药物。约 90 %的人使用次数少于 50次。口服是最主要的服用途径。平均每次服用剂量约为 2 50mg ,多在周末服用 ( 72 9% )。获得ATS的主要来源是从朋友和熟人处购买 ( 72 9% )。使用ATS的主要目的包括 :提高情绪使自己快乐 ,使自己压抑时感到舒服些 ,帮助放松 ,帮助解除抑制 (情绪、行为、思维 )等。娱乐性ATS使用者合并使用酒精 ,海洛因 ,苯二氮 艹卓 类 ,大麻 ,致幻剂的比例分别为 81 3% ,2 2 0 % ,1 1 9% ,1 0 2 % ,1 7%。 96 %的ATS使用者的主要社交人群中有人使用ATS。 4 5 8%和 33 8%的使用者有临时性伴侣和性交易史。结论 :娱乐性ATS使用者为一特殊人群 ,应针对其特殊性制定相应的干预措施。     

Electronic patient-provider communication: will it offset office visits and telephone consultations in primary care?

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Electronic patient-provider communication promises to improve efficiency and effectiveness of clinical care. This study aims to explore whether a secure web-based messaging system is an effective way of providing patient care in general practices. METHOD: We conducted a randomised controlled trail and recruited 200 patients from the waiting area in one primary clinic in Norway. Participants were randomised to either the intervention group, which received access to a secure messaging system, or the control group receiving standard care without such access. Primary outcome measures were number of online consultations, telephone consultations and office visits in the two groups. Data were derived from patient records and collected 1 year prior to (baseline), and 1 year after the intervention. RESULTS: Forty-six percent of the patients who were given access to the messaging system (n=99) used the online communication system on at least one occasion (ranging from 1 to 17 messages per patient per year). A total of 147 electronic messages were sent to six general practitioners during a 1-year trial period. Eleven percent of the messages were to schedule an appointment. In 10% of the messages, the GP was unable to respond adequately and recommended an office visit. The reduction in office visits over time was greater for the intervention group than for the control group (P=0.034). There was however no significant difference in the number of telephone consultations between the groups during the study (P=0.258). CONCLUSION: The use of a secure electronic messaging system reduced the number of office visits at the general practice, but not phone consultations.     

Spontaneous reanastomosis between lymphatic vessels following syngeneic transplantation of the small intestine in the rat

Abstract Spontaneous lymphvascular reanastomosis (SLR) following small bowel transplantation in rats is of clinical relevance for the resorption of long chain fatty acids. Detailed morphological and molecular data concerning the process of lymphvascular reanastomosis are not available in the literature. In this study SLR was investigated using microradiology and scanning electron microscopy. Between the 8^th and 21^st postoperative days following transplantation SLR does not occur between the intestinal trunk of the transplant and the thoracic duct of the recipient. Instead, an indirect connection was observed between the inserted advential lymphatic vessels of the mesenteric artery and lymphatic vessels of the aorta or ductus deferens, which are connected with the thoracic duct.     

Pathogenesis of pancreatic perilobular necrosis in patients with liver disease.

We often see perilobular necrosis of the pancreas in patients with liver disease at autopsy. This study was undertaken to determine the frequency and the mechanism of development of pancreatic perilobular necrosis in patients with liver disease. Pancreatic perilobular necrosis was seen in 21 per cent of 261 autopsied patients: in 41 per cent of 73 autopsied patients with liver disease and in 13 per cent of 188 autopsied patients without liver disease. Moreover, splanchnic congestion was present in 90 per cent of 30 pancreatic perilobular necrosis patients with liver disease. These data indicate that patients with liver disease develop perilobular necrosis of the pancreas more often than patients without liver disease, and that the high frequency may be a sequela of splanchnic congestion; that is, congestion of the pancreas and endotoxaemia due to congestion of the gut.     

Splenic haematopoiesis in patients with cirrhosis of the liver

Summary Hitherto it has generally been assumed that splenic haematopoiesis in adult humans occurs very infrequently and is predominantly associated with haematological disorders. In the present study of patients with cirrhosis of the liver, a marked splenic haematopoiesis was a constant finding. Moreover, low-level splenic erythro- and granulopoiesis was highly prevalent even in haematologically normal controls, while splenic thrombopoiesis was conspicuously absent in both groups. We suggest that splenic haematopoiesis results from entrapment and proliferation of circulating haematopoietic precursor cells in the splenic red pulp. This would account for the presence of splenic haematopoiesis in normal controls as well as in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. In the latter, stimulation of bone marrow haematopoiesis and increased splenic pooling of haematopoietic precursor cells may contribute to the marked increase of splenic haematopoiesis observed.     

Some studies on the mechanism of action of antibodies to nerve growth factor.

The effects of antibodies to the nerve growth factor from mouse salivary gland were examined in vitro and in vivo. Treatment of explants of receptive ganglia with antibody and complement did not produce cell damage as judged by the ability of the tissue to respond to nerve growth factor. New-born mice experimentally depleted of or genetically deficient in key complement components were susceptible to the action of the antiserum.These results show that the effect of the antibody is independent of complement and are consistent with the view that it acts by neutralization of endogenous nerve growth factor.