骨搬移法对下肢缺血疾病疗效的基础研究

目的　观察应用胫骨横向骨搬移法对犬下肢缺血性疾病动物模型的血管再生效果。方法　将 2 0只犬制成下肢缺血性疾病动物模型 ,建模后 1周对犬的后肢施行胫骨横向骨搬移术 ,即在胫骨内侧嵴开一个 5cm× 1cm骨窗 ,以特制的支架每天 1mm速度向外牵拉。分别于不同时期处死动物 ,通过皮温测定 ,光镜下测量血管密度 ,血管造影等方法来观察血管再生情况。结果　在不同时相点观察到伴随着骨的搬移 ,有明显的毛细血管再生现象 (以第 7～ 2 1天为著 )。结论　应用胫骨横向骨搬移法可对犬下肢缺血性疾病动物模型产生明显的血管再生 ,有明显的治疗效果     

介导感觉生理功能的瞬时受体电位通道蛋白(TRP)家族研究进展

瞬时受体电位通道蛋白(TRP)家族由一类特殊的阳离子通道蛋白组成,在神经细胞及其他非兴奋细胞中有重要作用,其中在介导多种感觉生理功能方面的作用尤其显著.TRP结构与功能的深入研究为阐明感觉生理功能的分子机制提供了重要线索.本文综述TRP家族在温度感受、机械刺激感受、光感受和化学信号感受等方面的研究进展.     

Expression of Na+/HCO3− co‐transporter proteins (NBCs) in rat and human skeletal muscle

Aim: Sodium/bicarbonate co‐transport (NBC) has been suggested to have a role in muscle pH regulation. We investigated the presence of NBC proteins in rat and human muscle samples and the fibre type distribution of the identified NBCs. Methods and results: Western blotting of muscle homogenates and sarcolemmal membranes (sarcolemmal giant vesicles) were used to screen for the presence of NBCs. Immunohistochemistry was used for the subcellular localization. The functional test revealed that approximately half of the pH recovery in sarcolemmal vesicles produced from rat muscle is mediated by bicarbonate‐dependent transport. This indicates that the NBCs are preserved in the vesicles. The western blotting experiments demonstrated the existence of at least two NBC proteins in skeletal muscle. One NBC protein (approximately 150 kDa) seems to be related to the kidney/pancreas/heart isoform NBC1, whereas the other protein (approximately 200 kDa) is related to the NBC4 isoform. The two NBC proteins represent the electrogenic isoforms named NBCe1 and NBCe2. Membrane fractionation and immunofluorescence techniques confirmed that the two NBCs are located in the sarcolemmal membrane as well as in some internal membranes, probably the T‐tubules. The two NBCs localized in muscle have distinct fibre type distributions. Conclusions: Skeletal muscle possesses two variants of the sodium/bicarbonate co‐transporter (NBC) isoforms, which have been called NBCe1 and NBCe2.     

运动对大鼠腓肠肌一氧化氮含量和铁转运蛋白表达的影响

目的观察游泳运动后大鼠腓肠肌一氧化氮(NO)含量及铁转运相关蛋白表达的变化,探讨运动对骨骼肌铁代谢的调节机制。方法20只雌性SD大鼠随机分为对照组和运动组(每天游泳1.5小时,6次/周),每组10只。实验10周后分别采用试剂盒测定两组大鼠腓肠肌和血清一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活性及NO含量,免疫组织化学方法测定腓肠肌二价金属离子转运体1(DMT1)、膜铁转运蛋白1(FP1)和转铁蛋白受体1(TfR1)的表达,分析其平均光密度变化。结果(1)运动组大鼠血清和腓肠肌NO含量和NOS活性均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);(2)运动组大鼠腓肠肌DMT1(IRE)和TfR1表达较对照组显著增加,FP1表达显著减少(P<0.05),而DMT1(non-IRE)表达无明显变化。结果提示运动可能通过增加NOS活性刺激NO合成增加,进而调节腓肠肌铁转运蛋白的表达,提高腓肠肌摄铁能力,以满足运动中机体对铁的需求。     

不同骨延长器治疗肢体畸形并大段骨缺损

[目的]利用Ilizarov支架、Orthofix肢体重建系统（Orthofix LRS）及Hybrid固定系统（Hybrid Fixation System）与Orthofix LRS的组合，对不同的肢体畸形并大段骨缺损进行矫形及骨延长治疗，同时观察其疗效。[方法]自2000年8月-2004年3月分别用Ilizarov支架、Orthofix LRS及Hybrid支架与Orthofix LRS的组合进行骨痂牵开／骨段滑移治疗合并肢体畸形的大段骨缺损。畸形处采用线形／楔形截骨。畸形愈合并骨短缩者楔形截骨后进行骨痂牵开骨延长术，骨不连并畸形及短缩者接合点加压与截骨矫形骨段滑移延长同时进行。[结果]矫正股骨短缩畸形7cm1例，胫骨6例，内翻畸形2例，后成角畸形2例，混合畸形2例。平均延长5．3cm（4．5—7cm），平均延长时间3．5个月，平均延长后外固定时间7个月，无神经血管损伤，膝踝关节活动未受影响。[结论]Ilizarov支架、Orthofix LRS、Hybrid固定系统与Orthofix LRS的组合用于骨痂牵开／骨段滑移治疗合并肢体畸形的大段骨缺损均能达到矫形及骨延长的治疗目的。Orthofix LRS及Hybrid固定系统与Orthofix LRS的组合较Ilizarov支架操作简便，安全可靠，患者乐于接受。     

Brain uptake of radiolabeled N‐oleoyl‐dopamine in the rat

N‐acyl‐dopamines are a novel class of biologically active lipids that have recently been identified in the brain and have the potential to interact with neural signaling pathways. This study seeks to determine the ability of N‐oleoyl‐dopamine, a synthetic amide of oleic acid and dopamine, to cross the blood brain barrier. We determined the tissue content of radioactivity in selected brain regions, in a short‐run study design, following injections of [³H]N‐oleoyl‐dopamine (0.4 µCi) into the internal carotid artery in the rat. These results were compared with intracarotid injections of [³H]dopamine and with intravenous injections of both radiolabeled compounds. The level of radioactivity was determined using liquid scintillation and was expressed as the percentage of its total dose injected per gram of tissue. We found that the 15‐min brain uptake of radioactivity, with no distinct regional variations, amounted to about 6% following the intracarotid [³H]N‐oleoyl‐dopamine, which was a significant 3–4‐fold increase over that following similar administration of [³H]dopamine. Intravenous injections of [³H]N‐oleoyl‐dopamine gave a much smaller yield of radioactivity in brain tissue samples which was still severalfold greater than that for intravenous [³H]dopamine. Qualitative thin‐layered chromatography screening showed the presence of unchanged N‐oleoyl‐dopamine in the brain following injections. We conclude that N‐oleoyl‐dopamine has an appreciable ability to cross the blood‐brain barrier, which contrasts the limited transfer of dopamine alone. N‐oleoyl‐dopamine might exert physiological effects due to its known affinity for the central vanilloid receptors or to better satisfying the brain tissue demand for dopamine. The study suggests a potential pharmacological role for N‐oleoyl‐dopamine delivered exogenously in helping regulate the brain function. Drug Dev. Res. 60:217–224, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

The multifunctionality of FGF-2 in the adrenal medulla

 Chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla and their tumor counterparts, the pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells, are well-established model systems in neurobiology. The development of sympathoadrenal progenitor cells to chromaffin cells can be studied with regard to developmental signals which trigger the differentiation. With regard to potential treatments of neurological disorders like Parkinson’s disease chromaffin cell grafting can be used as one therapeutical approach. The beneficial effect of chromaffin cell grafts is possibly not only related to the release of dopamine but may also be linked to the release of growth factors. One of the growth factors that is synthesized by chromaffin and PC12 cells is basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2). The experimental data available so far, are in agreement with different functional roles of FGF-2. This article summarizes the putative physiological functions of FGF-2 in the adrenal medulla. Three differential functional roles of FGF-2 are discussed: (1) as a differentiation factor for sympathoadrenal progenitor cells; (2) as a target-derived neurotrophic factor for preganglionic sympathetic neurons which innervate adrenal medullary cells; (3) as an auto-/paracrine factor in the adrenal medulla. Accepted: 21 August 1996     

Axonal transport of dopamine D1 receptors in the rat brain

Binding of a specific dopamine D₁ receptor antagonist,¹²⁵I-SCH 23982, was measured in rat brain sections by quantitative autoradiography at various time intervals, following a knife cut through the striatonigral pathway. Twenty-four hours after lesioning, accumulations of D₁ receptor binding sites were found in sagittal sections both rostral and caudal to the lesion site. No other regions studied (caudate-putamen, nucleus accumbens, olfactory tubercle, and substantia nigra pars reticulata) showed any change in D₁ receptor binding 24h after the lesion. In brain sections obtained 10 days after lesioning, only the substantia nigra pars reticulata had a significant decrease in D₁ receptors ipsilateral to the lesion. These findings suggest the possibility of a presence of bidirectional axonal transport of D₁ receptors in rat striatonigral pathway.     

无毒棉籽液抗腹泻作用研究

通过对正常小鼠、生大黄致泻小鼠及脾虚小鼠的作用研究表明，无毒棉籽液有较好的抑制排便频度、治疗腹泻的作用．无毒棉籽液６ｇ／ｋｇ可极其显著地抑制正常小鼠的排便频度，无毒棉籽液６ｇ／ｋｇ和３ｇ／ｋｇ可极其显著地抑制生大黄致泻小鼠及脾虚小鼠的排便频度．６ｇ／ｋｇ无毒棉籽液且可极其显著地抑制正常小鼠及脾虚小鼠的小肠推进运动．