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排序方式: 共有1101条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
21.
Mette Lyberg Rasmussen Hanne Haavind Gudrun Dieserud 《Archives of Suicide Research》2018,22(2):327-343
Young men constitute one of the highest risk groups for suicide in most countries. This gives reason to explore how meanings attached to masculinity can be evoked and handled when a young man takes his life. In-depth interviews with 5 to 8 informants for each of 10 suicides, as well as suicide notes, were analyzed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. The suicides appeared as signature acts of compensatory masculinity with the following themes: When hope is gone, no one must know; weakness was never allowed; and suicide conducted in a way to present oneself as heroic. The handling of masculinity in triggering suicidal plans and in carrying out suicide is intrinsically connected to avoidance of help-seeking behavior. 相似文献
22.
《Global public health》2013,8(9):1252-1263
ABSTRACTThe HIV response is hampered by many obstacles to progression along the HIV care cascade, with men, in particular, experiencing different forms of disruption. One group of men, whose stories remain untold, are those who have succumbed to HIV-related illness. In this paper, we explore how next-of-kin account for the death of a male relative. We conducted 26 qualitative after-death interviews with family members of male PLHIV who had recently died from HIV in health and demographic surveillance sites in Malawi, Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Zimbabwe and South Africa. The next-of-kin expressed frustration about the defiance of their male relative to disclose his HIV status and ask for support, and attributed this to shame, fear and a lack of self-acceptance of HIV diagnosis. Next-of-kin painted a picture of their male relative as rebellious. Some claimed that their deceased relative deliberately ignored instructions received by the health worker. Others described their male relatives as unable to maintain caring relationships that would avail day-to-day treatment partners, and give purpose to their lives. Through these accounts, next-of-kin vocalised the perceived rebellious behaviour of these men, and in the process of doing so neutralised their responsibility for the premature death of their relative. 相似文献
23.
An 84-year-old man who had suffered from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease accompanied by moderate pneumonia as well as gastric cancer with liver metastasis was found dead by a nurse, who noticed that the patient’s intravenous catheter in the left forearm had been erroneously connected to an oxygen supply in his hospital room, leading to infusion of oxygen into a vein. Postmortem CT scanning demonstrated multiple accumulations of gas in the pulmonary artery, the right atrium and ventricle, as well as the left subclavian and brachiocephalic veins, corresponding to the route that the infused gas would have taken to the heart and pulmonary artery. Conventional autopsy revealed the presence of gas in the right ventricle. These findings suggested that the immediate cause of death was a gas embolus due to oxygen that had entered the cardiopulmonary circulation via the intravenous catheter. This case highlights the usefulness of postmortem imaging as an aid to conventional autopsy for demonstrating gas embolism. 相似文献
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《Modern rheumatology / the Japan Rheumatism Association》2013,23(4):279-292
AbstractIn order to identify the histological specificity of newly defined connective tissue disease, we examined 32 autopsy cases of mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) which fulfilled the disease criteria proposed by the Japanese MCTD Committee. The age of the 32 cases ranged from 19 to 79 with an average age of 43 years. The male: female ratio was 3∶29. The duration of illness was 7.9 years on average. These tendencies were not so specific compared with other connective tissue diseases. In reference to the cause of death, pulmonary hypertension associated with severe pulmonary arterial lesions such as plexogenic arteriopathy and intimal thickening was found in 16 cases, which was 34% of all total autopsy cases. Totally pulmonary diseases including pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary fibrosis and interstitial pneumonitis amounted to half of all fatal cases. Following pulmonary disease, esophageal fibrosis, sialoadenitis and cardiac involvement succeeded. Although clinical signs such as dysphagia or hypomotility did not necessarily present before death, the frequency and severity of histological changes of the esophagus cannot be ignored. Accompanied with sicca syndrome, the salivary gland showed variable stages of inflammatory changes from slight lymphocytic infiltration in the periductal region to severe parenchymatous atrophy with severe fibrosis. Autopsy cases of MCTD disclosed myocardial damage in not a few cases, which were often accompanied with fibrosis, and these features were very similar to the those of esophageal lesions. On the other hand, involvement of the kidney, skin and muscle was very slight in MCTD compared with those of systemic lupus erythematosus, progressive systemic sclerosis and polymyositis/dermatomyositis. The kidney lesion was characterized by membranous glomerulonephritis. Skin continued to be scleroedematous in spite of long term illness. Muscle showed slight lymphocytic infiltration around small vessels and interstitium. In addition to serological and clinical features, histopathological study revealed specific features of MCTD different from other connective tissue diseases. In treatment and follow-up of the patients of MCTD, special care should be paid to the conditions of this disease which reflect the histological changes as presented here. 相似文献
28.
Dr. Peter Joseph 《Archives of environmental & occupational health》2013,68(1):69-71
The authors undertook this study to assess levels of cadmium exposure in the general population. Samples of lung, liver, and kidney were obtained from 61 cadavers (43 males, 18 females; 2–89 yr of age, mean age = 38.5 yr) who died from accidental causes and who were subject to postmortem examinations at the John Tonge Centre for Forensic Sciences, Queensland Health Scientific Services, Brisbane, Australia, in 1997 and 1998. Samples of bladder urine were also obtained from 22 cadavers. Tissue and urine samples were analyzed for cadmium, zinc, and copper with inductively coupled plasm (ICP) mass spectrometry. The overall mean values for cadmium in the lung, liver, and kidney cortex samples were 0.13, 0.95, and 15.45 μg/gm wet tissue weight. The average renal cadmium level in subjects with high lung-cadmium levels (n = 13) was 6 μg/gm wet tissue weight higher than that of similarly aged subjects who had medium lung-cadmium levels (n = 30). In females, the average level of cadmium in the liver was 74% greater than in males, and the average liver cadmium in females with high lung-cadmium levels was 100% higher than in males in the same age range who had the same high lung-cadmium levels. Renal cadmium accumulation tended to be greater in females than in males who were in the same age range and who had similar lung-cadmium levels, a result that suggested that there was a higher absorption rate of cadmium in females. The mean value for a urinary cadmium excretion of 2.30 μg/gm creatinine was found in a subset of samples that had a mean age of 39 yr and a renal cortex cadmium concentration of 18.6 μg/gm wet tissue weight. Urinary cadmium excretion rates were correlated more strongly with lung and kidney cadmium content than with age or liver cadmium levels. The results suggest that urinary cadmium excretion may be increased in smokers and could provide some estimate of body cadmium burdens in future Australian epidemiological studies. 相似文献
29.
ObjectiveUsing the method of psychological autopsy, we identified differences by gender in socio-demographic aspects, signs and symptoms, and suicide characteristics in a population of the state of Tabasco. Mexico.MethodsBetween the years 2007–2014, 182 psychological autopsies were documented by the Secretary of Health of the State of Tabasco, Mexico. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain information on socio-demographic aspects and suicide characteristics.ResultsThe sample was mainly formed by males (78%). 84% of the sample used hanging as suicide method. However, in comparison with the male group, females were older on the average (p = 0.002); they were mostly housewives (37.5%) and had more years of schooling (p = 0.004). Other significant differences predominantly present in the male group were: the use of alcohol at the time of suicide (52.1%), job retirement, and increases in apathy (50.7%) and aggressiveness (36.6%) (p < 0.05).ConclusionOur results suggest that there are differences by gender between subjects with completed suicide. Factors such as alcohol consumption, job retirement, aggressiveness and isolation/social apathy certainly render men more vulnerable to suicide in the Mexican population. 相似文献
30.
Hookana E Junttila MJ Särkioja T Sormunen R Niemelä M Raatikainen MJ Uusimaa P Lizotte E Peuhkurinen K Brugada R Huikuri HV 《Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology》2008,19(7):743-747
Introduction: We screened the candidate genes from a Finnish family in which the mother was resuscitated from ventricular fibrillation and the daughter died suddenly without any prior cardiac symptoms.
Methods and Results: In addition to screening of potential structural gene mutations, phenotyping of the proband and medico-legal autopsy of the victim of the sudden death, including histopathological examinations, were performed. Genetic screening revealed an R541C mutation in the lamin A/C gene both in the proband and her daughter. None of the 16 first- or second-degree relatives, or 96 unrelated healthy subjects, carried the same mutation. In the proband, the size and the global function of the left ventricle (LV) were normal, but a local hypokinesia and thinning of inferoposterior area of the LV were seen in 2D echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging. Coronary angiogram and the results of the electrophysiological study were normal. Autopsy of the victim of sudden death showed localized thinning and fibrosis in the inferoposterior area of the LV, with only minimal fibrosis in the right ventricle and no abnormalities in the interventricular septum.
Conclusion: These observations indicate that a fatal or near-fatal cardiac arrhythmia can be the first clinical manifestation of a "de novo" mutation R541C of the lamin A/C gene. Replacement of cardiac myocytes by fibrosis seems to be the predominant pathologic-anatomic finding. 相似文献
Methods and Results: In addition to screening of potential structural gene mutations, phenotyping of the proband and medico-legal autopsy of the victim of the sudden death, including histopathological examinations, were performed. Genetic screening revealed an R541C mutation in the lamin A/C gene both in the proband and her daughter. None of the 16 first- or second-degree relatives, or 96 unrelated healthy subjects, carried the same mutation. In the proband, the size and the global function of the left ventricle (LV) were normal, but a local hypokinesia and thinning of inferoposterior area of the LV were seen in 2D echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging. Coronary angiogram and the results of the electrophysiological study were normal. Autopsy of the victim of sudden death showed localized thinning and fibrosis in the inferoposterior area of the LV, with only minimal fibrosis in the right ventricle and no abnormalities in the interventricular septum.
Conclusion: These observations indicate that a fatal or near-fatal cardiac arrhythmia can be the first clinical manifestation of a "de novo" mutation R541C of the lamin A/C gene. Replacement of cardiac myocytes by fibrosis seems to be the predominant pathologic-anatomic finding. 相似文献