高温联合辐射对仔鼠神经系统与行为的影响

目的探讨高温联合辐射对仔鼠神经系统与行为的影响。方法将130只孕鼠按随机抽签法分为13组,每组10只。在孕鼠妊娠第8、9d分别接受60Co及γ-射线全身照射各1次,照射剂量1．0Gy;第10d各置温箱中,分别使其肛温保持在37、±0．5℃,41±0．5℃,42±0．5℃,并持续3、4、5min。移出温箱2h后,每组随机取5只,单笼饲养,待其自然分娩,观察仔鼠体格发育、生理发育、神经反射、活动能力等神经行为指标。结果孕鼠经高温联合辐射后,其仔鼠的生理发育、早期反射、感觉功能、活动能力均显著滞后于对照组(P<0．01)。结论高温联合辐射具有复合作用,可增强对仔鼠神经系统的不良影响。     

Early Feeding Factors and Eating Behaviors among Children Aged 1–3: A Cross-Sectional Study

Early nutrition plays a crucial role not only in providing essential nutrients for proper child development, but may also be an important step in creating desirable eating behaviors, which can be transmitted into adulthood. The aim of this study was to assess possible links between early feeding factors, such as breastfeeding, complementary feeding (timing and method) as well as types of complementary foods and mealtime environment during the first three months of complementary feeding and eating behaviors in children aged 1–3 years old. This cross-sectional, online survey involved 467 mothers of toddlers aged 1–3 years old from the whole of Poland. The questionnaire consisted of questions about early feeding and the Children’s Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ). The adjusted linear regression model revealed that longer duration of any breastfeeding was negatively related to enjoyment of food (EF), desire to drink (DD) and positively related to satiety responsiveness (SR) and slowness in eating (SE) subscales. Moreover, offering homemade complementary foods more often than commercial may be related to higher SR. Eating meals during distraction seems to be negatively associated with EF, and positively with DD and SE subscales. Our study highlights possible links between early feeding factors and toddlers’ eating behaviors, so further investigation, also including dietary factors, is needed.     

Prevalence of Orthorexia in Groups of Students with Varied Diets and Physical Activity (Silesia,Poland)

(1) Background: The literature emphasizes the role of many factors influencing the onset of eating disorders (EDs) and their mutual influence on each other. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate and compare the prevalence of orthorexic behaviors in groups of health-related and non-health-related students in terms of their differential health behaviors—diet and physical activity levels. (2) The study included 300 individuals representing two equal groups of fields of study, which for the study were called the health-related field (HRF) and the non-health-related field (NRF). (3) Results: Based on the results of the dietary assessment, it was found that the best dietary model was characterized by the HRF group; in this group, 97.2% of students were characterized by a very good and good dietary mode. The NRF group, on the other hand, was dominated by a sufficient dietary mode for 64.4% of all cases in this group (94 people), while the dietary model marked as “good” was less popular, at 24.6% of this group (36 people). (4) Conclusions: Based on the cited self-research and information from the literature, it can be concluded that the problem of orthorexia is still a new issue at the level of social sciences, medical sciences, and health sciences. The psychometric tools used in this study allowed us to demonstrate the prevalence of the aforementioned eating disorders in the sample groups of students.     

Shugan granule contributes to the improvement of depression‐like behaviors in chronic restraint stress‐stimulated rats by altering gut microbiota

AimThe investigation aims to evaluate the potential effect of Shugan Granule (SGKL) on the gut, brain, and behaviors in rats exposed to chronic restraint stress (CRS).MethodsThe fecal microbiota and metabolite changes were studied in rats exposed to CRS and treated with SGKL (0.1 mg/kg/day). Depressive behaviors of these rats were determined through an open‐field experiment, forced swimming test, sucrose preference, and weighing. Moreover, LPS‐stimulated microglia and CRS‐stimulated rats were treated with SGKL to investigate the regulation between SGKL and the PI3K/Akt/pathway, which is inhibited by LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor.Results(i) SGKL improved the altered behaviors in CRS‐stimulated rats; (ii) SGKL ameliorated the CRS‐induced neuronal degeneration and tangled nerve fiber and also contributed to the recovery of intestinal barrier injury in these rats; (iii) SGKL inhibited the hippocampus elevations of TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6 in response to CRS modeling; (iv) based on the principal coordinates analysis (PCoA), SGKL altered α‐diversity indices and shifted β‐diversity in CRS‐stimulated rats; (v) at the genus level, SGKL decreased the CRS‐enhanced abundance of Bacteroides; (vi) Butyricimonas and Candidatus Arthromitus were enriched in SGKL‐treated rats; (vii) altered gut microbiota and metabolites were correlated with behaviors, inflammation, and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway; (viii) SGKL increased the LPS‐decreased phosphorylation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in microglia and inhibited the LPS‐induced microglial activation; (ix) PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway inactivation reversed the SGKL effects in CRS rats.ConclusionSGKL targets the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway by altering gut microbiota and metabolites, which ameliorates altered behavior and inflammation in the hippocampus.     

PBL联合PDG在临床医学系高年级医学生中的应用

目的 研究以问题为导向的教学方法 (PBL)联合问题—讨论—指导(PDG)教学模式在临床医学系高年级医学生培养中的应用效果.方法 选取2018年1月—2019年1月临床医学系高年级医学生134例,按随机数字表分为对照组(67例)与研究组(67例),对照组学生采用传统的教学模式,研究组学生采用PBL联合PDG教学模式,比...     

Outpatient Care: Planning a Satellite Laboratory for Ambulatory Patient Care

Peripheral neuropathy is a common consequence of diabetes that often results in loss of protective sensation. Early identification of this loss is critical to minimize secondary complications. The authors’ purpose was to assess the behavior patterns of physical therapists as to their opinions and behaviors related to sensory testing for individuals with diabetes. A questionnaire was sent to physical therapists across the United States with the following results: a high level of agreement concerning the benefits of sensory testing, but with a far less agreement as to the actual performance of sensory testing by those same physical therapists.     

Contextual risk and parental attributions of children's behavior as factors that influence the acceptability of empirically supported treatments

This study examined the acceptability of several empirically supported treatments (child social skills training, parent training and medication) within a sample of low-income African American mothers of a preschooler exhibiting significant disruptive behavior. Contextual risk and causal and responsibility attributions were predicted to be associated with treatment acceptability. Eighty-seven participants completed an attributional-style measure of child misbehavior and considered hypothetically the acceptability of several empirically supported treatments. Social skills and parent training were highly accepted, while medication was not. Greater causal attributions (child's behavior viewed as global, stable and due to something within the child) were associated with higher acceptability of social skills training. The relationship between attributions and medication was moderated by risk. In the context of high risk, lower causal attributions were associated with higher acceptability of medication whereas in the context of low risk, lower causal attributions were associated with lower acceptability of medication. In contrast, in the context of high risk, higher responsibility attributions (child's behavior viewed as purposeful, selfish and deserving of blame) were associated with greater acceptability of medication, while in the context of low risk, higher responsibility attributions were associated with lower acceptability of medication. Implications for future research and the implementation of empirically supported treatments within communities of color and those with economic disadvantage are discussed.     

Public Awareness and Mask Usage during the COVID-19 Epidemic: A Survey by China CDC New Media

An online survey conducted March 18–19, 2020 on the official China CDC WeChat account platform was used to evaluate the effect of public education about masks usage during the new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic. Chinese nationals older than 18 were eligible for the survey. The survey collected 5,761 questionnaires from the 31 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions of mainland China. 99.7% and 97.2% of the respondents answered correctly that respiratory droplets and direct contact were the main transmission routes. 73.3% of the respondents considered COVID-19 to be ‘serious’ or ‘very serious’. When going to the hospital, 96.9% (2,885/2,976 had gone to a hospital) used a mask during the COVID-19 epidemic, while 41.1% (2,367/5,761) did not use a mask before the epidemic. Among the respondents that used public transportation and went shopping, 99.6% and 99.4%, respectively, wore masks. Among respondents who returned to work, 75.5% wore a mask at the workplace, while 86.3% of those who have not returned to work will choose to use masks when they return to the workplace. The Chinese public is highly likely to use a mask during COVID-19 epidemic, and the mask usage changed greatly since the COVID-19 outbreak. Therefore, public education has played an important role during the COVID-19 epidemic.