The chemokine receptor CCR7 is expressed on epithelium of non-inflamed gastric mucosa, Helicobacter pylori gastritis, gastric carcinoma and its precursor lesions and up-regulated by H. pylori

CCR7 chemokine-receptor expression on tumour cells of gastric carcinoma has been associated with lymph-node metastasis and is thought to play an important role in metastasis. However, so far it is unknown whether CCR7 is newly up-regulated on gastric carcinoma or already expressed in non-neoplastic gastric epithelium. Therefore, epithelial CCR7 expression was investigated in the process of gastric carcinogenesis: non-inflamed mucosa --Helicobacter pylori gastritis -- intestinal metaplasia/dysplasia -- gastric carcinoma. CCR7 was expressed by gastric epithelium in non-inflamed gastric mucosa (n = 5), H. pylori gastritis (n = 17), intestinal metaplasia (n = 10), dysplasia (n = 3) and on tumour cells in 20 of 24 patients with gastric carcinoma (13/14 intestinal-type; 7/10 diffuse-type) as tested by immunohistochemistry. As CCR7 expression by gastric epithelium was significantly stronger in H. pylori gastritis than in non-infected mucosa, the influence of H. pylori on CCR7 receptor expression of gastric epithelial cells was investigated by fluorescence activated cell sorter analysis. H. pylori strains up-regulated the CCR7 chemokine-receptor in CCR7-positive cell lines. No difference in CCR7 up-regulation between cag(+) and cag(-)H. pylori strains was found. Epithelial CCR7 up-regulation by H. pylori may alter the metastatic fate of gastric carcinoma. Additionally, CCR7 expression not only on gastric carcinoma, but also on non-neoplastic gastric epithelium, suggests a novel biological function.     

Association of Helicobacter pylori-dependent gastritis with gastric carcinomas in young Japanese patients: histopathological comparison of diffuse and intestinal type cancer cases

AIMS: The causal relationship of H. pylori gastric colonization with gastric cancer development has not as yet been fully elucidated. The prevalence of H. pylori infection increases with age in the asymptomatic population in Japan, and reaches a high plateau in those older than 40 years. The objective of this study was to assess the link between H. pylori and gastric carcinomas in patients younger than 40 years. METHODS AND RESULTS: Detection of H. pylori and assessment of background mucosa based on the Sydney system was performed histopathologically for 40 Japanese gastric cancer cases younger than 40 years and compared with 40 age- and sex-matched controls. H. pylori infection in gastric mucosa was detected significantly more frequently (P < 0.001) in patients with cancer (29/40; 72.5%) than in controls (11/40; 27.5%). Additionally, by histopathological comparison between intestinal (18 cases) and diffuse (70 cases) types of young gastric cancer patients, mucosal atrophy and intestinal metaplasia were found to coexist with acute and chronic inflammation in the background mucosa of both intestinal and diffuse types, being significantly more prevalent than in young controls. CONCLUSIONS: As well as the high prevalence of H. pylori in young subjects with gastric cancer, it is clear that persistent infection induces mucosal damage, resulting in atrophy and intestinal metaplasia. Thus, acute/chronic gastritis could play an essential role in the early development of neoplasia in the stomach.     

Assessment of different methods for staining Helicobacter pylori in endoscopic gastric biopsies

The recent implication of Helicobacter pylori in the pathogenesis of gastritis-peptic ulcer syndrome and its relevance for the development of upper gastrointestinal malignancy warrant efficient methods for the detection and demonstration of the organism in biopsy specimens. We have compared 5 staining methods, namely, haematoxylin and eosin (H & E), immunohistochemistry (IHC), the silver staining HpSS, the alcian yellow-toluidine blue (Leung) method (A-Y) and Genta staining, for the demonstration of the organism in gastric biopsies taken from antrum, body and fundus of 118 patients who presented to our hospital with upper gastrointestinal symptoms. We found no significant differences in the efficacy of H & E, IHC, HpSS and A-Y in the demonstration of H. pylori in all 3 gastric sites. The least reproducible stain in our hands was the Genta stain. We conclude that H & E is adequate for the initial assessment of gastric biopsies in symptomatic upper gastrointestinal patients. This is because it is a well-tested, cheap and easy staining method, requiring a relatively short period of time to perform, with highly reproducible results. It has an added advantage of enabling simultaneous assessment of morphological changes accompanying H. pylori infection. When the density of the organism is expected to be low, we recommend addition of HpSS staining because of its high sensitivity and low cost. The disadvantages of the other staining methods (IHC, A-Y and Genta) are discussed.     

Immune aspects of intestinal metaplasia of the stomach: An immunohistochemical study

Summary Immune characteristics of intestinal metaplasia of the stomach were analyzed by the immunoperoxidase technique in frozen and paraffin-embedded specimens. In fetal and minimally inflamed adult gastric mucosa, secretory component (SC) was absent from epithelial cells. Non-intestinalized gastric mucosa with evident inflammatory changes showed weak SC immunoreactivity at the generative cell zone. Enhanced immunoreactivity of SC with evidence of transepithelial transport of IgA and IgM, but not of IgG, was demonstrated in intestinalized glands of either the complete or incomplete type. The number of inflammatory cells and lymphoid follicles was decreased in intestinalized mucosa when compared with that in non-intestinalized gastritic mucosa; J chain-negative IgG plasma cells and T cells, both of which were fairly abundant in the latter mucosa, were remarkably decreased in the former mucosa, whereas the decrease of J chain-positive IgA or IgM plasma cells was slight or equivocal. In either mucosa, IgA was the most popular immunoglobulin class in plasma cells. IgD plasma cells were very rare. In the germinal centers of lymphoid follicles which were preferentially distributed in non-intestinalized gastritic mucosa, IgM or IgG germinocytes predominated over IgA germinocytes, and a few T cells and NK cells also were present. Intraepithelial lymphoid cells with a T-suppressor phenotype were detected in intestinalized glands. The possibility that intestinal metaplasia is an adaptation to long-standing chronic gastritis is discussed.     

健脾清热中药治疗Ⅰ型幽门螺杆菌相关性胃炎的研究

目的　研究健脾清热中药对Ⅰ型幽门螺杆菌相关性胃炎的疗效。方法　 10 0例Ⅰ型幽门螺杆菌感染的慢性胃炎患者随机分成 2组。研究组 (A组 ) 5 0例 ,服用健脾清热中药 (汤剂 ) 5 0ml 3 日 ,雷尼替丁 15 0mg 2 日 ;对照组(B组 ) 5 0例 ,口服甲硝唑 40 0mg 2 日 ,阿莫西林 10 0 0mg 2 日 ,雷尼替丁 15 0mg2 日 ,疗程均为 2周。停药 4周后给予1 4　C -UBT试验。结果　临床症状缓解率A组高于B组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,HP的根除率两组间不存在显著差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,而A组产生的治疗副作用少。结论　健脾清热中药外加雷尼替丁是一种根除Ⅰ型幽门螺杆菌和缓解慢性胃炎症状的有效组合。     

Cag A Hp抗体测定与消化性溃疡和慢性胃炎的关系

目的 :探讨幽门螺杆菌细胞毒素相关基因蛋白 (CagA)抗体与消化性溃疡和慢性胃炎的关系。方法 :对132例消化性溃疡和慢性胃炎Hp幽门螺杆菌阳性的 118例病例 ,用ELISA方法进行CagA抗体检测。结果 :10 9例消化性溃疡中 ,CagA抗体阳性 90例 ,阳性率 82 .6 % ;9例慢性胃炎中 ,CagA抗体阳性 5例 ,阳性率 5 5 .6 %。消化性溃疡组CagA阳性率明显高于慢性胃炎组 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :CagA抗体检测在消化性溃疡中有一定意义     

穴注法对大鼠慢性萎缩性胃炎胃粘液屏障的影响

目的 观察穴位注射对大鼠不同程度慢性萎缩性胃炎（CAG）时胃粘液屏障的影响。方法 以不同浓度的N－甲基－N－硝基亚硝基胍（MNNG）复制出不同程度的大鼠CAG模型。在成功造模的基础上,以黄芪注射液与当归注射液乘发混合穴注足三里对其进行治疗,观察其对CAG病变情况及胃粘膜氨基乙糖与磷脂值的影响。结果 胃粘膜损伤指数、萎缩、肠化、异型增生或两者合见者随着造模浓度的增加而增加,穴注组可明显改善胃粘膜损伤指数及治疗相关病变（P均＜0.01）;随着造模浓度的增加,胃粘膜氨基乙糖及磷脂值显著下降,而穴注组可明显提高这两项指标（（P匀＜0.01）;胃粘膜损伤指数与氨基乙糖及磷脂值呈负相关（P均＜0.010。结论 随着CAG程度的加重,胃粘膜氨基乙糖及磷脂值明显下降,胃粘液屏障功能受损。穴注法可明显提高胃粘膜氨基乙糖及磷脂值,通过加固胃粘液屏障,以防止CAG。     

慢性萎缩性胃炎的中医药治疗概况

通过对近年来中医药治疗慢性萎缩性胃炎（CAG）文献的综述,表明中医药采用多种方法治疗CAG,包括辨证分型,专方专地,针灸,穴位注射等,均取得了较好疗效,体现出中医药治疗CAG的独特优势。     

胃幽门螺杆菌与胃粘膜疾病的临床病理研究

目的探讨幽门螺杆菌(HP)感染与胃炎、消化性溃疡、肠化生及胃癌的关系.方法对6318例胃粘膜活检病理切片进行Giemsa、AB(pH2.5)-PAS、HID-AB(pH2.5)染色和肠化生分型.结果HP感染与慢性浅表性胃炎、慢性萎缩性胃炎、胃及十二指肠溃疡、肠化生和胃癌显著相关(P＜0.001),与肠化生类型无显著关系(P＞0.05),与胃癌分型无关.结论HP感染与胃炎、消化性溃疡、肠化生及胃癌有相关性.     

中医外治法在慢性萎缩性胃炎中的应用研究进展

慢性萎缩性胃炎（CAG）是消化系统常见的慢性疾病,被认为是胃癌癌前病变,严重危害人类健康。如何有效促进胃黏膜的修复、抑制腺体的萎缩、阻断癌变是临床研究的热点。目前西医尚缺乏特效的治疗手段,近年来,大量研究结果表明,中医外治法在治疗CAG方面取得了显著成果,且具有简、便、效、廉等优势,深受患者青睐。现查阅近年来包括针刺法、灸法及贴敷法等在内的常用中医外治法治疗CAG的相关文献并进行综述,以期为临床治疗该病提供参考。