Safety of, and biological and functional response to, a novel metallic implant for the management of focal full-thickness cartilage defects: Preliminary assessment in an animal model out to 1 year.

Focal full-thickness cartilage lesions of the human medial femoral condyle (MFC) can cause pain and functional impairment. Affected middle-aged patients respond unpredictably to existing treatments and knee arthroplasty may be required, prompting risk of revision. This study assesses the safety of, and biological and functional response to, a metallic resurfacing implant which may delay or obviate the need for traditional arthroplasty. The anatomic contour of the surgically exposed MFC of six adult goats was digitally mapped and an 11 mm diameter full-thickness osteochondral defect was created. An anchor-based Co-Cr resurfacing implant, matching the mapped articular contour, was implanted. Each goat's contralateral unoperated femorotibial joint was used as a control. Postoperative outcome was assessed by lameness examination, radiography, arthroscopy, synoviocentesis, necropsy, and histology up to 26 (n = 3) or 52 (n = 3) weeks. By postoperative week (POW) 4, goats demonstrated normal range of motion, no joint effusion, and only mild lameness in the operated limb. By POW 26 the animals were sound with only occasional very mild lameness. Arthroscopy at POW 14 revealed moderate synovial inflammation and a chondral membrane extending centrally across the implant surface. Radiographs at POWs 14 to 52 implied implant stability in the operated joints, as well as subchondral bone remodeling and mild exostosis formation in the operated and contralateral unoperated joints of some goats. By POW 26, histology revealed new trabecular bone abutting the implant. At POWs 26 and 52 MFC cartilage was metachromatic and intact in the operated and unoperated femorotibial joints. Proximal tibiae of some operated and unoperated limbs demonstrated limited subchondral bone remodeling and foci of articular cartilage fibrillation and thinning. The chondral membrane crossing the prosthesis possessed a metachromatic matrix containing singular and clustered chondrocytes. Our data imply the safety, biocompatibility, and functionality of the implant. Focal articular damage was documented in the operated joints at POWs 26 and 52, but lesions were much reduced over those previously reported in untreated defects. Expanded animal or preclinical human studies are justified.     

Repair of large midline incisional hernias with polypropylene mesh: Comparison of three operative techniques

Polypropylene mesh is widely used for the reconstruction of incisional hernias that cannot be closed primarily. Several techniques have been advocated to implant the mesh. The objective of this study was to evaluate, retrospectively, early and late results of three different techniques, onlay, inlay, and underlay. The records of 53 consecutive patients with a large midline incisional hernia — 25 women and 28 men, mean age 60.4 (range 28–94) — were reviewed. Polypropylene mesh was implanted using the onlay technique in 13 patients, inlay in 23 patients, and underlay in 17 patients. Either the greater omentum or a polyglactin mesh was interponated between the mesh and the viscera. The records of these 53 patients were reviewed with respect to: size and cause of the hernia, pre- and postoperative mortality and morbidity, with special attention to wound complications. Patients were invited to attend the outpatient clinic at least 12 months after implantation of the mesh for physical examination of the abdominal wall. Postoperative complications occurred in 14 (26.4%) patients. The onlay technique had significantly more complications, as compared to both other techniques. Reherniation occurred in 15 (28.3%) patients. The reherniation rate of the inlay technique was significantly higher than after the underlay technique (44% vs 12%, P=0.03) and tended to be higher than the onlay technique (44% vs 23%, P=0.22). Repair of large midline incisional hernias with the use of a polypropylene mesh carries a high risk of complications and has a high reherniation rate. The underlay technique seems to be the better technique.     

软骨下骨钻孔术对兔软骨缺损修复的远期效果观察

目的　观察软骨缺损的修复过程 ,比较不同数目钻孔术对软骨缺损修复的远期效果。方法　用中国白兔 4 0只 ,在股骨髁关节面造成 6mm× 8mm全层软骨缺损 ,分别施行 10孔及 5孔钻孔术 ,孔径1mm ,于术后 12周及 13个月取材 ,做组织学及电镜观察 ,并进行评估。结果　 (1) 12周时 10孔、5孔和对照组的修复组织中类透明软骨分别占 70 %、5 0 %、0 % ;13个月时 10孔、5孔和对照组的修复组织中类透明软骨分别占 90 %、10 0 %、0 %。 (2 )修复组织厚度 :12周时 10孔及 5孔组均明显高出毗邻软骨 ,且 10孔明显高于 5孔 ;13个月时 10孔与 5孔无显著性差异 ,且已接近毗邻软骨厚度。 (3)修复组织覆盖缺损的面积 :12周时 10孔 >5孔 >对照组 ;13个月时 10孔与 5孔无显著性差异 ,但二者均明显大于对照组。结论　软骨下骨钻孔对关节软骨缺损修复的远期效果良好 ,能长期适应关节的生理运动和功能负重 ,10孔与 5孔的远期修复效果无显著性差异。     

经导管同期封堵治疗膜周部室间隔缺损合并房间隔缺损

目的　探讨经导管介入同期治疗膜周部室间隔缺损 (VSD)合并房间隔缺损 (ASD)的可行性、方法及疗效。方法　 4例患者 ,年龄为 12～ 2 6岁。术前超声检查提示VSD合并ASD。VSD均为膜周部缺损 ,缺损直径 3～ 6mm ,缺损上缘距主动脉瓣 2～ 6mm。ASD均为继发孔型 ,缺损直径 5～ 8mm。4例患者均于术中先行左心室造影 ,确定VSD适合封堵后 ,先行VSD封堵 ,最后行ASD封堵。结果　 4例患者均经导管一次封堵治疗成功。左心室造影显示VSD呈囊袋型 3例 ,囊袋直径分别为 4、5和 10mm ,封堵器的直径分别为 4、8和 12mm。 1例缺损为管状 ,直径 3.5mm ,用 4mm的封堵器治疗成功。4例患者ASD伸展径为 6～ 10mm ,封堵器直径为 6～ 12mm。所有患者术中及术后无并发症。结论　经导管介入同期封堵治疗膜周部VSD合并ASD具有技术上的可行性、安全性和良好的治疗效果     

超声心动图对62例房间隔缺损封堵术后心功能变化的评价

目的：应用超声心动图评价房间隔缺损(ASD)封堵术前后左、右心室功能的变化。方法：对62例成功施行经皮穿刺ASD封堵术的患者进行研究。所有患者在术前、术后1周及1个月分别进行超声心动图检查．观察心脏大小及功能的改变。结果：ASD封堵术后，左室舒张末期前后径、左室舒张末期容积、左室每搏量及左室射血分数增大，而左室收缩末期容积未见明显改变；右室舒张末期前后径、右室舒张末期容积、右室收缩末期容积、右室每搏量、右室射血分数及右室心肌工作指数均减小。结论：经皮穿刺ASD封堵治疗既可减轻右室容量负荷，改善右室功能，也可改善左室的收缩功能：超声心动图对ASD封堵前后心脏血流动力学评价及疗效的观察起了重要的作用。     

介入治疗34例膜部室间隔缺损

目的：评价介入治疗膜部室间隔缺损的临床效果。方法：经胸超声心动图及临床表现诊断为膜部室间隔缺损的患者34例，在局部或全身麻醉下行经导管室间隔缺损的介入治疗，其中31例应用Amplatzer不对称型膜部室间隔缺损封堵器，3例应用国产室间隔缺损封堵器。术中连续经胸超声心动图和X线监测，术后1天、1月、3月、6月行心电图及超声心动图复查。结果：超声测定膜部室间隔缺损直径为3．0～11．6mm(平均4．5mm)，距离主动脉右冠瓣2．7～7．8mm(平均3．6mm)，左心室造影测定膜部室间隔缺损的直径为3．0～8．8mm(平均5．4mm)，所选膜部室间隔缺损封堵器直径为4．0～16mm(平均7．9mm)。技术成功率100％。超声心动图示术后即刻残余分流为17．6％(6／34)，24h后残余分流为8．8％(3／34)，1个月后残余分流为5．9％(2／34)。34例患者术中均有一过性室性心律失常，1例发生一过性心跳骤停。术后1例出现股静脉血栓形成，3例出现了一过性Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞，2例于术后24h内发生溶血，经内科治疗后完全恢复，未见封堵器脱落、主动脉瓣返流等并发症。结论：经导管关闭膜部室间隔缺损的操作简单、方便、并发症少，残余分流少见，值得在临床全面推广。     

经导管封闭治疗小儿继发孔房间隔缺损

目的探讨应用经导管封闭治疗小儿房间隔缺损的临床效果.方法 16例ASD患儿.男6例,女10例;年龄2～14(8±4)岁,体重10～40(23±9)Kg.先行右心导管用球囊导管测量ASD大小,选择适合的封堵器,在X线及超声引导下释放封堵器堵闭ASD,术后随访疗效,追踪残余分流率和并发症.结果应用此法封闭16例ASD,全部成功.手术时间为(70±30)血n,透视时间(13±8)min,术中无明显并发症.术后随访右房、右室径较术前明显缩小,恢复正常(P＜0.05);无残余分流发生.结论经导管封闭治疗小儿房间隔缺损术具有创伤小,成功率高,安全性好的优点,但其长期疗效需进一步随访观察.     

胺碘酮加小剂量地高辛转复房颤32例报告

目的　观察可达龙 (胺碘酮 )加小剂量地高辛对部分经冠脉造影确诊的高血压性心脏病 (高心病 )与冠心病患者心房颤动 (房颤 )转复窦性心律的可能与安全性。方法　符合入选条件、住院连服 2周可达龙 (0 .2g,3/d)未复律的高心病、冠心病并房颤患者 32例 ,加服地高辛 0 .1 2 5g ,2 /d ,2周后为观察终点 ,判断其房颤转复成功率与用药安全性 ;并随访半年 ,观察房颤复发率。结果　 32例中转复窦性心律 2 3例 ,转复率 71 .9% ,平均转复时间 (7± 2 )d ,无一例出现药物副作用 ;随访半年 ,复发 6例 ,复发率占复律者的 2 6 .1 %。结论　可达龙加小剂量地高辛对高心病、冠心病患者的房颤转复窦性心律 ,具有疗效较高 ,安全性与依从性好等优点 ,但仍有一定的复发率。     

Thoracoscopic closure of a congenital partial pericardial defect

We describe our technique for performing direct thoracoscopic closure of a congenital partial pericardial defect, which was successfully employed in a 15-year-old boy. This is the first such report of a procedure that is noninvasive and may therefore become the treatment of choice for patients with a small congenital pericardial defect.