伏立康唑在肾移植术后侵袭性肺曲霉菌病中的应用

目的 观察伏立康唑在肾移植术后侵袭性肺曲霉菌病中的临床疗效和安全性,为临床治疗提供依据.方法 回顾性分析17例肾移植术后侵袭性肺曲霉菌病患者早期应用伏立康唑,同时辅以相关支持治疗.结果 3例确诊患者中,2例治愈;11例临床诊断患者9例治愈;3例拟诊患者2例治愈,平均治愈率为76.5％.结论 无论确诊、临床诊断或拟诊的肾移植术后侵袭性肺曲霉菌病,尽早应用广谱抗真菌药物-伏立康唑,均能改善症状并提高治愈率.     

伏立康唑治疗儿童血液病合并侵袭性肺曲霉菌感染的临床分析

目的 观察伏立康唑治疗儿童血液病合并侵袭性肺曲霉菌感染(IPA)的临床疗效及安全性.方法 回顾性分析医院2009年2月-2011年7月血液病伴发侵袭性肺曲霉菌感染住院患儿10例,所有患儿均经CT检查和GM试验临床诊断;伏立康唑针每次7 mg/kg,静脉滴注,1次/12 h,10～14 d后改用伏立康唑片剂,剂量不变,口服1次/12 h,总疗程4～8周;根据临床疗效标准,综合评价该药物的疗效和安全性.结果 10例患儿中,9例治疗有效,总有效率为90.0％,治疗有效的9例患儿从症状及体征上判定临床有效的时间为2～5 d;伏立康唑治疗过程中两例发生轻微不良反应,不良反应发生率20.0％.结论 伏立康唑口服和静脉给药均有很好的抗真菌活性,可作为儿童血液病伴发肺曲霉菌感染的一线用药,高效而安全.     

两种治疗方法对肺结核合并侵袭性肺曲霉菌病的疗效观察

目的 评估两种治疗方法对肺结核合并侵袭性肺曲霉菌病的疗效.方法 将41例肺结核合并侵袭性肺曲霉菌病的患者随机分成两组,其中A组24例,应用两性霉素B脂质体与伊曲康唑序贯治疗:首先应用两性霉素B脂质体注射液静脉滴注,1次/d,疗程2周,后改用伊曲康唑胶囊口服,每次0.2 g,2次/d,疗程10周;B组17例,先应用两性霉素B脂质体注射液静脉滴注,用法同A组,后改用伏立康唑片口服,0.2 g/次,2次/d,疗程10周;两组总疗程均为12周;分别对两组的疗效进行统计分析.结果 B组治疗有效率为64.7％,A组治疗有效率为33.3％,两组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 应用两性霉素B脂质体与伏立康唑序贯治疗肺结核合并侵袭性肺曲霉菌病的疗效较好.     

Absorption and Excretion of Parathion by Spraymen

Significant amounts of the urinary metabolite p-nitrophenol were detected in the urine of spraymen as long as ten days after last exposure to the organophosphorus insecticide, parathlon. Approximately two days after exposure, excretion was insignificant during late night and early morning hours, but reached higher levels during midday. The height of Immediate postexposure excretory peaks and the delayed midday rises in excretion seemed to vary directly with the temperature. Bathing after exposure was associated with a rapid decrease in p-nitrophenol excretion, Tests considering only one route of exposure at a time Indicated that the dermal route represents a potentially greater source of absorption than the respiratory route for orchard spraymen using liquid parathion formulations under the conditions of this study. However, with equivalent absorbed dosages the respiratory route is the more hazardous.     

Demolition of a hospital building by controlled explosion: the impact on filamentous fungal load in internal and external air

The demolition of a maternity building at our institution provided us with the opportunity to study the load of filamentous fungi in the air. External (nearby streets) and internal (within the hospital buildings) air was sampled with an automatic volumetric machine (MAS-100 Air Samplair) at least daily during the week before the demolition, at 10, 30, 60, 90,120, 180, 240, 420, 540 and 660 min post-demolition, daily during the week after the demolition and weekly during weeks 2, 3 and 4 after demolition. Samples were duplicated to analyse reproducibility. Three hundred and forty samples were obtained: 115 external air, 69 'non-protected' internal air and 156 protected internal air [high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filtered air under positive pressure]. A significant increase in the colony count of filamentous fungi occurred after the demolition. Median colony counts of external air on demolition day were significantly higher than from internal air (70.2 cfu/m(3) vs 35.8 cfu/m(3)) (P < 0.001). Mechanical demolition on day +4 also produced a significant difference between external and internal air (74.5 cfu/m(3) vs 41.7 cfu/m(3)). The counts returned to baseline levels on day +11. Most areas with a protected air supply yielded no colonies before demolition day and remained negative on demolition day. The reproducibility of the count method was good (intra-assay variance: 2.4 cfu/m(3)). No episodes of invasive filamentous mycosis were detected during the three months following the demolition. Demolition work was associated with a significant increase in the fungal colony counts of hospital external and non-protected internal air. Effective protective measures may be taken to avoid the emergence of clinical infections.     

The Direct Cost and Incidence of Systemic Fungal Infections

Objectives: In this study we determined the incidence and direct inpatient and outpatient costs of systemic fungal infections (candidiasis, aspergillosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis) in 1998.
Methods: Using primarily the National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS) for incidence and the Maryland Hospital Discharge Data Set (MDHDDS) for costs, we surveyed four systemic fungal infections in patients who also had HIV/AIDS, neoplasia, transplant, and all other concomitant diagnoses. Using a case-control method, we compared the cases with controls (those without fungal infections with the same underlying comorbidity) to obtain the incremental hospitalization costs. We used the Student's t -test to determine significance of incremental hospital costs. We modeled outpatient costs on the basis of discharge status to calculate the total annual cost for systemic fungal infections in 1998.
Results: For 1998, the projected average incidence was 306 per million US population, with candidiasis accounting for 75% of cases. The estimated total direct cost was $2.6 billion and the average per-patient attributable cost was $31,200. The most commonly reported comorbid diagnoses with fungal infections (HIV/AIDS, neoplasms, transplants) accounted for only 45% of all infections.
Conclusion: The cost burden is high for systemic fungal infections. Additional attention should be given to the 55% with fungal disease and other comorbid diagnoses.     

32例老年侵袭性肺曲霉菌病CT影像分析

目的:加深对侵袭性肺曲霉菌病的CT影像认识,进一步提高其诊断水平。方法:回顾性分析32例经手术、痰检或临床证实的侵袭性肺曲霉菌病患者的CT影像表现。结果:侵袭性肺曲霉菌病的CT影像表现多样:本组病例中结节或肿块影13例(其中7例出现坏死空洞);曲菌球7例;一侧或两侧肺的单个或多个支气管肺炎样阴影6例;混合型6例。结论:本病临床症状无特异性。CT检查可明确肺霉菌病和肺部基础性病变的形态、大小和范围,充分显示空洞(腔)和曲菌球等,病变周围伴有的"晕征"是早期特征性的改变,病程中出现的"空气半月征"和空洞强烈提示侵袭性肺曲霉菌病(IPA)的诊断。     

31例肺曲霉菌病的外科治疗

目的 探讨肺曲霉菌病的临床特点与外科治疗原则.方法 回顾性分析医院2000年1月一2011年9月31例肺曲霉菌病的临床资料及手术治疗结果.结果 31例肺曲霉菌病患者均行手术治疗,无手术相关死亡病例,术后发生并发症7例,发生率为22.6％,其中3例出血,2例肺漏气时间延长(＞7 d),2例肺不张伴肺炎;术后随访28例,随访时间为3～141个月,除1例术后考虑肺曲霉菌病复发可能,其余患者无咯血或咳血痰.结论 外科手术是肺曲霉菌病最有效的治疗方法,应根据病灶具体情况选择不同手术方式.     

Effect of direct infusion of antifungal agent on invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in a patient with acute leukemia

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is a serious problem in the treatment of patients with acute leukemia. A 52-year-old woman with acute myeloid leukemia developed invasive pulmonary aspergillosis during remission induction chemotherapy. Initially, we treated her with a continuous intravenous drip infusion of amphotericin B, together with itraconazole, given orally. A peripheral crescentic cavity formed in the fungal lesion after the number of neutrophils recovered, and we therefore performed a direct infusion of miconazole into the cavity transbronchially. The lung lesion resolved dramatically shortly after this treatment. In this patient, the transbronchial infusion of an antifungal agent seemed to have been very useful for bringing about prompt resolution of the fungal lesion. Received: May 30, 2001 / Accepted: September 21, 2001