Femoral antivalgus opening wedge osteotomy

Valgus painful knee is a disabling condition, especially in athletes. To correct this kind of deformity, femoralosteotomy is the most popular surgical procedure among the techniques described in the literature. The authors herein propose a technique of opening wedge osteotomy based on a new system of plates fixation. Furthermore, some special dedicated instruments have been developed that greatly facilitate the performance of the operation. The indications and the limits of osteotomies are briefly considered before introducing the surgical technique, which is described step by step and is well illustrated with many intraoperative pictures. Some principles of rehabilitation conclude the article.     

菟丝子总多糖对家兔全层关节软骨缺损Ⅱ型胶原表达的影响

目的探讨中药提取物菟丝子总多糖局部运用对家兔关节软骨全层缺损Ⅱ型胶原表达的影响。方法将72只成年日本大耳白兔分为菟丝子总多糖组、人骨形态发生蛋白(BMP)明/胶复合物组、空白对照组,每组24只,48个关节。在膝关节股骨内髁滑车面上,用手摇钻造成直径3mm、深约3mm软骨全层缺损区,分别给予菟丝子总多糖凝胶、BMP/明胶复合物填充;空白对照组只做钻孔处理,空白对照。术后第2、4、8周分批处死实验动物,采用组织学观察及Ⅱ型胶原免疫组化的方法对Ⅱ型胶原的表达进行评估。结果经组织学观察修复组织以透明软骨为主,接近正常关节软骨;用药组Ⅱ型胶原的表达在术后2、4、8周与空白组比较,差异均有极显著统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论菟丝子总多糖局部运用可以修复家兔关节软骨缺损,可能是通过促进Ⅱ型胶原的表达来实现的。     

牙槽突植骨同期髂软骨移植治疗单侧唇腭裂术后鼻畸形

目的:介绍牙槽突植骨同期髂软骨移植治疗单侧唇腭裂术后鼻畸形的方法。方法:2003年3月～2004年3月,12例单侧唇腭裂术后严重鼻畸形患者在牙槽突植骨术的同时行鼻成形术,并切取部分髂软骨雕刻成"L"形,作为隆鼻支架移植于鼻背和鼻小柱处。所有患者术前、术后测量了鼻尖突度、鼻小柱高度、鼻孔横径、鼻孔纵径、鼻小柱偏斜度和鼻唇角,并拍摄面部照片。应用配对 t 检验对数据进行了比较。结果:术后患者鼻孔对称,鼻尖挺拔,鼻外形有了明显改观,术后鼻外形各项数值较术前有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论:髂软骨移植可为患侧鼻翼软骨提供额外的支持,可用以治疗唇腭裂术后鼻畸形。     

人体颞下颌关节盘拉伸力学特性研究

通过对４具新鲜尸体的５个颞颌关节盘共８０个试件进行不同应变水平下的应力松弛试验和等应变速度下的拉伸破坏试验，测定了关节盘的横向拉伸力学性质，用拟线性粘弹性理论和二相理论对实验结果进行分析并建立了组织的本构方程。结果表明：关节盘的生理二相区在５％应变内；盘前带的横向拉伸强度、拉伸模量和破坏能量大于中间带和后带，中、后带差异不大；盘的应力松弛程度较低，初始应力松弛率在８％～１５％左右。同时证明，在较低应变下可以用获取的本构方程模拟关节盘的流变学特性     

环状软骨上喉部分切除环舌根会厌吻合术保留一侧杓状软骨手术方法及发声的观察

目的：探讨环状软骨上喉部分切除环舌根会厌吻合术中保留一侧杓状软骨的手术方法及在改善患者术后发声的作用。方法：26例双声带受累的声门型喉癌（T1b、T2和T3分别为11、12和3例）病变重侧均行半喉全部切除,病变轻侧声带受累未超过膜部的2／3,离杓状软骨的声带突尚有3mm的安全界,在保留杓状软骨的同时保留该侧甲状软骨板后下1／3,以防喉返神经损伤,从而确保杓状软骨的正常运动。上提修复后的残喉体与舌根、会厌吻合,重建新喉。结果：全部病例术后7～23d内恢复正常饮食。25例拔除气管套管,拔管率为96．2％（25／26）。全部病例恢复了发声功能,术后有不同程度的声嘶,18例发声时有响声,能胜任室内言语交流,言语可被清楚理解;8例发声时响度较低,1m内近距离言语交流无障碍,在安静环境下言语可被清楚理解。术后无咽瘘和肺部并发症,2例局部感染者7d内治愈。术后局部复发率为3．8％（1／26）,颈部淋巴结转移率为3．8％（1／26）。用直接法计算生存率,术后满3年者17例,死亡1例、失访1例,3年生存率为88．2％（15／17）;术后满5年者10例,死亡2例,5年生存率为80．0％（8／10）。结论：经过选择的双声带受累病例,保留一侧杓状软骨有助于改善患者术后发声质量。杓状软骨主动的前内方向运动和会厌的相向运动可能是发声质量得以改善的原因。     

Mapping the fiber orientation in articular cartilage at rest and under pressure studied by 2H double quantum filtered MRI.

The one-dimensional (2)H double quantum filtered (DQF) spectroscopic imaging technique was used to study the orientation of collagen fibers in articular cartilage. The method detects only water molecules in anisotropic environments, which in cartilage is caused by their interaction with the collagen fibers. A large quadrupolar splitting was observed in the calcified zone and a smaller splitting in the radial zone. In the transitional zone the splitting was not resolved and a small splitting was again detected in the superficial zone. From measurements performed at two orientations of the plug relative to the magnetic field it was deduced that in the calcified and radial zones the fibers are oriented perpendicular to the bone, bending at the transitional zone and flattening at the superficial zone. The effect of load applied to the cartilage-bone plug was monitored by the same technique. At low loads there is a small decrease in the quadrupolar splitting in the calcified zone, a marked decrease in the radial zone, and an increase of the splitting accompanied by a thickening of the superficial zone. Under high loads, while the thickening and the splitting of the superficial zone further increase, the splitting in the radial and calcified zones completely collapse. Pressure-induced changes in the thickness of the surface zone indicate flattening of the collagen fibers near the surface. The marked collapse of the splitting near the bone at high pressures may result from crimping of the collagen fibers.     

Epigenetic modifications of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in joint cartilage tissue from osteoarthritis patients - CONSORT

Background:Osteoarthritis (OA) remains one of the most common osteopathy for centuries, which can be attributed to multiple risk factors including mechanical and biochemical ones. More and more studies verified that inflammatory cytokines play important roles in the progression of OA, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between epigenetic manifestations of TNF-? and the pathogenesis of OA.Methods:Totally, 37 OA patients’ cartilage was collected through the knee joint and 13 samples of articular cartilage as healthy control was collected through traumatic amputation. Real-time PCR, Western blot and ELISA analysis were performed to observe the expression of target genes and proteins in collected samples.Results:Compared with the healthy control group, TNF-? was over-expressing in cartilage which was collected from OA patients. DNA hypomethylation, histone hyperacetylation and histone methylation were observed in the TNF-? promoter in OA compared with normal patients, and we also studied series of enzymes associated with epigenetics. The results showed that by increasing DNA methylation and decreasing histone acetylation in the TNF-? promoter, and TNF-? over-expression in OA cartilage was suppressed, histone methylation has no significant correlation with OA.Conclusion:In conclusion, the changes of epigenetic status regulate TNF-α expression in the cells, which are pivotal to the OA disease process. These results may give us a better understanding of OA and may provide new therapeutic options.     

股骨头骨骺缺血再灌流关节软骨诱导型一氧化氮合成酶及热休克蛋白70表达的免疫组化研究

目的:探讨发育期髋关节股骨头骨骺关节软骨缺血再灌流后的诱导型一氧化氮合成酶(iNOS)及热休克蛋白70(HSP70)的表达。方法:制作4周龄SD大鼠缺血再灌流及对照模型,每组各40只,于术后3、6、12、24、48h、5d、2、4周不同时点对股骨头骨骺关节软骨iNOS及HSP70进行免疫组织化学检测。结果:缺血再灌流组24、48h、5d、2周时点的关节软骨浅层、中层iNOS表达增强(P<0.05),缺血再灌流组24、48h、5d有关节软骨浅层、中层HSP70的增强表达(P<0.05)。结论:发育期髋关节缺血再灌流损害后存在关节软骨的iNOS损害机制及HSP70内源性细胞保护机制。