MR imaging evaluation of knee collateral ligaments and related injuries: Comparison of T1-weighted,T2-weighted,and fat-saturated T2-weighted sequences—correlation with clinical findings

The objectives of this study were to compare the ability of T1-weighted (T1W), proton density/T2-weighted (PD/T2W), and fat saturation (FS) PD/T2W magnetic resonance (MR) sequences for depiction of the knee collateral ligaments and related injuries, and to compare MR findings with clinical findings. Ten subjects with normal knee ligaments and 64 patients with suspected collateral ligament injuries underwent coronal T1W, PD/T2W, and FS PD/T2W imaging. Abnormalities ranged from edema surrounding the collateral ligaments (grade I) to complete disruption of ligamentous fibers (grade III). FS PD/T2W images improved definition of the medial collateral ligament (MCL) and lateral collateral ligament (LCL) compared with other sequences in 78% and 81% of patients, respectively. While the apparent grade of collateral ligament injury was similar with all pulse sequences in most patients, depiction of such injury was usually most conspicuous on FS PD/T2W images (MCL, 92% of patients; LCL, 38% of patients). In no patients were clinically diagnosed collateral ligament injuries undetected or understaged with MR imaging. MR findings indicated higher-grade MCL and LCL injuries than did clinical examination in 24 and 15 patients, respectively.     

Regional gene therapy for full-thickness articular cartilage lesions using naked DNA with a collagen matrix.

A novel gene therapy approach for treating damaged cartilage is proposed that involves placing endotoxin-free cDNA containing the gene for bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) in type I collagen sponges and then transferring the naked plasmid DNA construct to the injury site. A full-thickness cartilaginous defect in rabbits implanted with plasmid containing a marker gene (beta-galactosidase) showed expressed protein as detected by immunostaining. At 1 week postimplantation, mesenchymal cells subjacent to the defect had incorporated the implanted naked plasmid DNA and, once transfected, served as local bioreactors, transiently producing the gene product. Plasmids containing the gene for BMP-2 implanted in collagen sponges in cartilage lesions stimulated hyalinelike articular cartilage repair at 12 weeks postimplantation, nearly equivalent in quality to that induced by collagen sponges with recombinant BMP-2 protein. Our approach circumvents the risks of inflammation and immunogenic response associated with the use of viral vectors. Naked plasmid DNA as a vehicle for transferring therapeutic genes has been shown to be effective in a therapeutic model within rabbit articular cartilage and appears to be safe and cost effective.     

羊栖菜多糖复方制剂抗辐射作用的实验研究

目的 研究羊柄菜多糖复方制剂对γ射线照射小鼠的抗辐射作用.方法 将小鼠分为空白对照组、模型对照组及羊栖菜多糖复方制剂低[0.692g/(kg·d)]、中[2.075g/(kg·d)]、高[4.150g/(kg·d)]3个剂量组,以方格星虫提取物为阳性对照组,每天灌胃给药1次,灌胃2周后用60Co γ射线进行1次全身照射.测定小鼠外周血白细胞(WBC)、血小板和血细胞计数,以及脾指数(TI)、胸腺指数(SI)、骨髓有核细胞计数(BMWC)、血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量等指标.结果 3个剂量组小鼠与模型组比较,WBC均有上升趋势,但仅中剂量组在照后第14天与模型组差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).3个剂量组TI均明显高于模型组(P＜0.05),SI和BMNC仅中、高剂量组明显高于模型组(P＜0.05),SOD低、中剂量组明显高于模型组(P＜0.05),MDA中、高剂量组低于模型组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).结论 羊栖菜多糖复方制剂能有效提高小鼠的抗辐射能力.     

永生化骨骺软骨细胞的生物学性状研究

目的比较永生化骨骺软骨细胞与原代骨骺软骨细胞的生物学性状,为细胞替代疗法治疗小儿身材矮小提供理论依据。方法利用SV40LTag诱导骨骺软骨细胞永生化,经G418稳定筛选后,观察细胞形态,应用MTT、血清依赖性实验、软琼脂克隆形成试验、裸鼠致瘤试验分析其生物学性状。结果原代软骨细胞体外传代至第6代左右即出现衰老现象,而转化软骨细胞可连续传代,未出现衰老迹象。转化软骨细胞更趋向于长梭形。两者的生长曲线比较相似,但转化软骨细胞的饱和密度明显高于正常软骨细胞。两者都对血清有依赖性,都为二倍体核型,均不能在软琼脂上形成克隆。经8周观察两者都不能使裸鼠致瘤。结论永生化骨骺软骨细胞为良性转化,为转基因细胞移植治疗身材矮小等疾病的研究提供了安全的细胞来源。     

Histological Changes and Differential Diagnosis of Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma

Eight cases of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma either of skeletal(5 cases) or extrasketetalorigin (3 cases) are reported. According to histopathological and diagnostic criteria,mesenchymal chondrosarcoma were classified into two types cartilage isiand cell type andundifierentiated small cell type It is believed that the application of this classification in the study ofmesenchymal chondrosarcoma is helptul the estimation of its malignancy and choice of treatmentas well al in the prediction of its prognosis. Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma is a highly malignant neoplasm with poor prognosis. None ofthe patients in this series survived more than five years after they were diagnosed. The diffentialdiagnosis of malignant lymphoma, chondrosarcoma, hemangiopericytosarcoma, etc. was discussed.My data support the assumption that mesenchymal chondrosarcoma originates from the secondarymesenchyme rather than the primary mesenchyme.     

新型骨与软骨组织工程支架材料制备及其性能研究

目的：研究符合骨与软骨组织工程制备技术要求的新型支架复合材料；并确定其性能与结构优化设计的主要参数指标。方法：按不同CPPf(聚磷酸钙纤维）／PLL（L－聚乳酸）重量比及相同CPPfPLLA/NaCl颗粒重量比，采用溶铸颗粒沥取（Solventcasting particulte-leaching)法轩系列CPPf/PLLA支架复合材料；液体置换法，压缩性能测试及扫描电子显微镜观察其密度，孔隙度压缩模量及微结构特征；材料样品体外人工降解液直接浸渍法判定其生物降解性能，并观测其生物降解率，压缩碍及微结构由微孔海绵状过渡为纤维网状。随着支架材料在人工降解液中降解时间的延长，其降解率以0％－13．2％线性递增；压缩模量呈线性降低至1.10-2.78MP；材料横截面微结构则发生相应改变。结论 CPPf/PLLA支架复合材料具有高孔隙度的三维立体结构，良好的抗压缩性能和和解性能，经进一步优化设计后，可成为结构和性能符合各项要求的新与软骨组织工程支架材料。