Modified Trochanteric Slide for Complex Hip Arthroplasty : Clinical Outcomes and Complication Rates

The sliding trochanteric osteotomy preserves vastus lateralis continuity with the osteotomized greater trochanter (GT) and the abductors. The modified trochanteric sliding osteotomy (MTSO) also preserves the posterior capsule and external rotators to reduce the risk of dislocations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate our clinical and radiographic results of the MTSO exposure. Eighty-three MTSOs were reviewed. Follow-up range was 12 to 126 months. Seventy osteotomies (84.4%) healed with bony union, 9 (10.8%) had fibrous union, and 4 (4.8%) had nonunion. There was no correlation between the width of the osteotomy, intraoperative fragmentation of the GT, or the type of femoral component and the rate of union. Six (7.2%) patients developed a new abductor lurch. Patients with union of the GT had 2.8% of a lurch, and patients with either fibrous union or nonunion had a 30.7% of a lurch (P < .05). There were 4 (4.8%) postoperative dislocations. The benefits of MTSO have been well described, and this study provides evidence of an acceptably low complication rate.     

Feasibility of antegrade radical prostatectomy for clinically locally advanced prostate cancer: a comparative study with clinically localized disease

Objectives: To investigate intraoperative and early postoperative complications of antegrade radical prostatectomy with intended wide resection (aRP) for clinically locally advanced prostate cancer (cLAD) and to compare with those of aRP for clinically localized prostate cancer (cLD). Methods: Between March 1994 and June 2007, 800 consecutive Japanese patients including 625 with cLD and 175 with cLAD underwent aRP and bilateral limited lymphadenectomy. Clinicopathological data including intraoperative and early postoperative complications (within 30 days after operation) were compared between cLD and cLAD groups. Results: No deaths occurred. Operative time and blood loss did not differ significantly between the groups. Intraoperative and early postoperative complications were observed in 11 (1.4%) and 123 (15.4%) of the entire cohort, respectively. Prevalent early postoperative complications were pelvic hematoma, wound infection, urinary retention and lymphocele or prolonged lymph drainage. There were no significant differences in the entire intraoperative and early postoperative complications between the groups. The majority of the early postoperative complications were minor. Conclusions: aRP for cLAD is technically feasible and a safe surgical procedure. If radical prostatectomy could be established as a standard treatment for cLAD in the future, aRP might be valuable as the first step of multimodal treatments.     

The transdural approach for thoracic disc herniations: a technical note

Surgery for thoracic disc herniations is still challenging, and the disc excision via a posterior laminectomy is considered risky. A variety of dorsolateral and ventral approaches have been developed. However, the lateral extracavitary and transthoracic approach require extensive surgical exposure. Therefore, we adopted a posterior transdural approach for direct visualization without entry into the thoracic cavity. Three cases that illustrate this procedure are reported here with the preoperative findings, radiological findings and surgical techniques used. After the laminectomy, at the involved level, the dorsal dura was opened with a longitudinal paramedian incision. The cerebrospinal fluid was drained to gain more operating space. After sectioning of the dentate ligaments, gentle retraction was applied to the spinal cord. Between the rootlets above and below, the ventral dural bulging was clearly observed. A small paramedian dural incision was made over the disc space and the protruded disc fragment was removed. Neurological symptoms were improved, and no surgery-related complication was encountered. The posterior transdural approach may offer an alternative surgical option for selected patients with thoracic paracentral soft discs, while limiting the morbidity associated with the exposure.     

经腹膜外腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术（附7例报告）

目的：探讨经腹膜外腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术的手术方法和疗效.方法：对7例局限性前列腺癌患者实施经腹膜外前列腺癌根治术.结果：7例手术均成功完成,手术时间145～250 min,平均175 min.估计术中出血量200～600 ml,平均300 ml,其中3例患者输400 ml红细胞悬液,术中无腹膜破裂、直肠输尿管损伤、膀胱损伤等病例;术后病理均报告切缘阴性,无淋巴结转移,留置导尿14～23天,平均18.2天;术后1～3天肠道功能恢复,平均1.6天.术后发牛尿漏2例,6天后尿漏消失.随访3～10个月,平均6个月,术后拔除尿管出现轻度尿失禁3例（43%）,1周内完全恢复尿控率71.4%（5/7）,第1、3、6个月完全恢复控尿率分别为71.4%（5/7）、85.7%（6/7）、100%（7/7）,术后3个月检查血清PSA＜0.2 μg/L,随访期间末出现生化复发.结论：腹腔镜下腹膜外途径前列腺癌根治术创伤小、并发症少、恢复快,是局限性前列腺癌安全有效的外科治疗方法.     

联合上颈段经颈静脉孔区入路的显微解剖学研究

目的 研究颈静脉孔区(JF)入路的显微解剖,利用该入路一期切除颅内外沟通型复杂病变.方法 成人尸头标本15例(30侧),在手术显微镜下进行联合上颈段经JF区入路的解剖操作,测量相关数据.结果 对C1～C4上颈段解剖,切除C1横突,游离椎动脉C1～C2段及水平段;充分切除颈静脉结节、颈静脉突及部分枕骨髁;迷路后切除乳突,显露半规管,轮廓化面神经垂直段,全程暴露乙状窦,打开颈静脉孔;扩大了JF区的显露并测得相关参数,如乳突尖间距枕髁外缘中点为(29.65±3.24)mm;枕髁后缘距舌下神经管内口为(10.10±0.81)mm;颈静脉球距面神经垂直段间距左为(6.8±0.35)mm,右为(4.6±0.33)mm.结论 此入路从多个方向对JF区充分暴露,使面神经、耳蜗、椎动脉、后组脑神经等结构得到保护,术中结合相关解剖参数可很好的完成一期全切JF区颅内外沟通型及延伸到上颈位的病变,提高治愈率、减少并发症、降低死亡率.     

Acute mesenteric ischemia

Introduction : Management of acute mesenteric ischemia is still a matter of concern for physicians. This disorder has been associated to an increased mortality mainly because of a late diagnosis and controversial treatment options. Methods and Results : we describe the case of a multidisciplinary approach to a cardiogenic thrombotic occlusion of superior mesenteric artery resulting in acute mesenteric ischemia. After rapid diagnosis with Duplex scan, we brought the patient to our catheterization laboratory and managed it with the common tools used for primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Among the specific issues of this case report, we observed some of the common complications of the acute myocardial infarction managed in the catheterization laboratory and treated them with the same tools used in the “myocardial area.” Conclusions : we showed how an “interventional cardiologist's” approach to acute mesenteric ischemia was effective in restoring superior mesenteric artery patency and in aborting a mesenteric infarction.© 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

头静脉途径心脏起搏器植入术中撕剥式导线导引器的应用价值

目的 探讨撕剥式导线导引器在经头静脉途径心脏起搏器植入术中的应用价值. 方法 183例经头静脉途径心脏起搏器植入术患者根据导线置入时是否应用撕剥式导线导引器分为改良组（n=91）和常规组（n=92）.比较两组手术时间、X线曝光时间、导线放置成功率、手术并发症. 结果改良组头静脉导线放置成功率97.80%.明显优于常规组80.43%（P〈0.01）.双腔起搏器植入者双导线放置成功率64.62%,明显优于常规组的26.56%（P〈0.01）.改良组手术时间、X线曝光时间分别为（61.13±12.03）min、（5.77±1.35）min.与常规组（62.22±13.26）min、（5.89±1.43）min相似（均P〉0.05）.两组各有1例术后囊袋血肿,随访3个月-2.5年未见其他并发症.结论 经头静脉途径植入心脏起搏器时,撕剥式导线导引器能明显提高导线放置成功率.     

Linguistic approach for identification of medication names and related information in clinical narratives

Background

Pharmacotherapy is an integral part of any medical care process and plays an important role in the medical history of most patients. Information on medication is crucial for several tasks such as pharmacovigilance, medical decision or biomedical research.

Objectives

Within a narrative text, medication-related information can be buried within other non-relevant data. Specific methods, such as those provided by text mining, must be designed for accessing them, and this is the objective of this study.

Methods

The authors designed a system for analyzing narrative clinical documents to extract from them medication occurrences and medication-related information. The system also attempts to deduce medications not covered by the dictionaries used.

Results

Results provided by the system were evaluated within the framework of the I2B2 NLP challenge held in 2009. The system achieved an F-measure of 0.78 and ranked 7th out of 20 participating teams (the highest F-measure was 0.86). The system provided good results for the annotation and extraction of medication names, their frequency, dosage and mode of administration (F-measure over 0.81), while information on duration and reasons is poorly annotated and extracted (F-measure 0.36 and 0.29, respectively). The performance of the system was stable between the training and test sets.     

改良经颈静脉孔入路的显微解剖

目的：研究改良经颈静脉孔（JF）入路切除JF区颅内外沟通型肿瘤的技术及其暴露范围。方法：用彩色乳胶灌注10例成人带颈头颅湿标本后,显微镜下逐层解剖,研究JF区的血管、神经和硬膜等结构及与周围结构的解剖关系。结果：以枕下三角和横突为标志可以定位椎动脉水平段;以横突和肩胛提肌为标志可以确定椎动脉C2-C1段及保护后组颅神经、颈内静脉及颈内动脉。头外侧直肌可以定位JF后壁;磨除颈突可以暴露JF后壁;以髁导静脉为标志磨除颈静脉结节可暴露JF内侧壁;磨除乳突、岩骨鼓部,以鼓乳切迹为标志轮廓化面神经可以暴露JF外侧壁。结论：改良经颈静脉孔入路能从内、外、后、下等方向充分暴露JF,同时椎动脉、面神经及听力功能也得到很好的保护,是切除颅内外沟通型JF区肿瘤的理想入路。     

经额外侧锁孔入路切除鞍区颅咽管瘤

目的探讨经额外侧锁孔入路切除鞍区颅咽管瘤的应用价值。方法对我院17例鞍上直径在2.5-4.8cm的颅咽管瘤患者采用额外侧锁孔入路发迹内做6.5cm左右皮切口,铣出面积约（3×2.5）cm^2的椭圆形小骨瓣,术中根据肿瘤位置利用不同解剖间隙切除肿瘤。结果术中15例病人肿瘤全部切除,2例次全切除。术后7例病人出现不同程度的尿崩症及电解质紊乱,经药物治疗后好转,9例病人视力改善。结论与传统翼点入路及眶上锁孔入路相比,额外侧锁孔入路切口小、创伤小,能提供足够的鞍上区手术空间,显露鞍区病变及其邻近结构充分,且减少了脑牵拉和手术创伤,有利于颅咽管瘤的全切除,是一种安全有效的处理鞍上颅咽管瘤的手术入路途径。