Impact of Femoral Stem Design on Failure After Anterior Approach Total Hip Arthroplasty

Background

An increased rate of complications related to femoral component failure has been described with less invasive total hip arthroplasty (THA). This study evaluated the incidence of femoral complications associated with the direct anterior approach for THA.

A useful alternative surgical technique to reconstructing large defects following excision of recurrent pilonidal sinus disease in the intergluteal region: An operative approach for the transverse lumbar artery perforator flap

The reconstruction of defects in the intergluteal region following pilonidal sinus excision is challenging due to its anatomical location, close proximity to the anus, and being a high‐tension area prone to wound‐healing problems. Excision and primary closure is known to carry a higher risk of recurrence and subsequent complications compared with using nearby local healthy tissue, such as a flap, to reconstruct defect. Extra due diligence should be given to patient selection and flap choice when deciding the reconstruction of a defect. The senior author, who has briefly reviewed complication rates in previous published literature, prefers the transverse lumbar artery perforator (TLAP) flap for reconstruction following pilonidal sinus excision in the intergluteal region. This paper illustrates the operative approach used by the senior author when raising a TLAP flap.     

内镜下中耳胆脂瘤手术路径探索

目的探索内镜下3种手术路径治疗中耳胆脂瘤的临床价值。方法回顾性分析2010年1月-2019年12月203例209耳行中耳胆脂瘤切除术患者的临床资料。其中,85例88耳借鉴"锁孔"理念、吸收显微镜手术技术,通过外耳道-上鼓室-鼓窦-乳突、外耳道-鼓窦-乳突和耳甲艇切口-鼓窦-乳突3个手术路径行内镜下手术入路中耳胆脂瘤切除,118例121耳行显微镜下乳突根治术。比较两组患者手术并发症和术后复发情况。结果所有病例术后随访6～24个月,内镜组干耳率94.32%、显微镜组95.87%;内镜组并发症发生率10.23%、显微镜组12.40%;内镜组残留和复发率6.82%、显微镜组4.13%,两组患者比较,差异均无统计学意义(P 0.05)。结论耳内镜手术可通过3个路径切除涉及整个乳突的中耳胆脂瘤,拓展了中耳胆脂瘤手术的治疗范围。     

超声引导下肋锁间隙和喙突入路锁骨下臂丛神经阻滞在前臂或手部术中效果的比较

目的比较超声引导下肋锁间隙(CCS)臂丛神经阻滞与超声引导下喙突入路锁骨下臂丛神经阻滞在前臂或手部术中临床麻醉效果。方法选取拟行前臂或手部手术患者58例,男33例,女25例,年龄18~70岁,ASAⅠ~Ⅲ级,随机分为超声引导下CCS臂丛神经阻滞组(A组)和超声引导下喙突入路锁骨下臂丛神经阻滞组(B组)。分别给予0.5%罗哌卡因20 ml,记录臂丛神经深度,神经阻滞操作时间,注射局麻药后5、10、20、30 min臂丛神经分支(正中神经、尺神经、桡神经、肌皮神经)感觉阻滞和运动阻滞情况,神经阻滞持续时间,以及麻醉相关不良反应等。结果 A组臂丛神经深度(2.0±1.2)cm,明显浅于B组(3.5±1.8)cm(P0.05);A组神经阻滞操作时间(2.0±1.5)min,明显短于B组(4.0±1.5)min(P0.05);注射局麻药后5、10 min A组正中神经、尺神经、桡神经、肌皮神经的感觉阻滞率均明显高于B组(P0.05);注药后10 min A组尺神经、桡神经、肌皮神经的运动阻滞率明显高于B组(P0.05),其余时点两组运动阻滞率差异无统计学意义。两组无一例呼吸困难、恶心呕吐、耳鸣等不良反应。结论超声引导下肋锁间隙臂丛神经阻滞较喙突入路锁骨下臂丛神经阻滞深度浅,神经阻滞穿刺操作时间更短,其感觉阻滞和运动阻滞起效更快。     

Management Strategies for Pain in Breast Carcinoma Patients: Current Opinions and Future Perspectives

Breast cancer is the most frequently encountered carcinoma in women worldwide. Pain is the most distressing symptom in patients with breast carcinoma and can occur at all stages of the disease due to the cancer per se as well as due to various diagnostic and treatment modalities. A proper pain assessment helps in identification of pain syndromes and guides in formulating analgesic strategies. Primary therapies of breast carcinoma like surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy for bony metastases can cause substantial pain relief. However, multimodal analgesic approaches incorporating pharmacological, interventional as well as non-conventional techniques should be employed prior to, in conjunction with, and after primary therapies of breast cancer. The prevalence of chronic neuropathic pain following breast cancer surgery may exceed 50% by current estimates, and with the increase in life expectancy of these patients, providing adequate pain relief is of paramount importance to improve their quality of life. In this review, we discuss prevailing methods of evaluation and management of pain in patients of breast carcinoma and the new techniques that may become the mainstay of pain management protocols in future.     

Lead insertion by supraclavicular approach of the subclavian vein puncture

Total occlusion of the left subclavian vein was diagnosed in a 76-year-old patient, 6 years after implantation of an ICD with VVI pacing backup. Replacement of the ICD included upgrading of the ICD system because of the presence of pacemaker syndrome when the patient was VVI paced. Insertion of an atrial lead through the ipsilateral vein system was made possible by using the supraclavicular approach of the subclavian, enabling puncturing of the left subclavian vein medially to the obstruction.     

"以问题为基础"教学法在康复治疗学专业运动疗法方向教学中的应用分析

作者通过对“以问题为基础”（PBL）教学法与传统教学方法的比较，分析在康复治疗学专业教学中应用PBL教学法的必要性，并探讨对课程的选择以及对教师和学生的具体要求、实施PBL教学方法的具体方案及其应用意义。     

Examining health visiting expertise: combining simulation, interview and observation

BACKGROUND: Resource constraints and the drive towards evidence-based practice are currently prompting the review of health visiting services, which are a costly element of community health services in the United Kingdom. There is a shortage of evidence about effective domiciliary health visiting practice that can inform local and national decisions about developing and reforming this service. AIMS: This paper is based on a study which aimed to articulate the health visiting expertise involved in recognizing and responding to client need during home visits. The paper describes the innovative, multi-method approach used to articulate this expertise, and presents the rationale for this unusual approach. DISCUSSION: The study used the complementary methods of a 20-minute simulated visit to an actress-client, a postsimulation focused interview and subsequent observation of actual home visits with 15 study participants. Data-gathering took place between 2001 and 2002. The rationale, strengths and limitations of the methodology are discussed, and recommendations made for further development based on the work. CONCLUSIONS: The findings confirmed the utility of this unusual combination of methods, with their blend of control and naturalism, for articulating the knowledge and expertise which underpins assessment practice. Further research using a similar approach is recommended for the systematic examination of professional expertise in nursing and multi-disciplinary contexts.     

离断式肾盂成形术手术入路的临床探讨

目的 :探讨经腹入路肾盂成形术的优点及适应证。方法 :对 2 6例 30侧经腹入路及 2 2例 2 4侧经腰入路两种离断式肾盂成形术围手术期临床指标及疗效进行对比观察。结果 :经腹入路手术切口时间、术中输血量、术后 2 4h肾周引流量及胃肠功能恢复时间等方面均优于经腰入路手术。结论 :对未合并肾脏畸形、肾周感染、结石及输尿管远端狭窄的单纯性肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻病人 ,经腹入路肾盂成形术优于经腰入路肾盂成形术