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931.
Summary Alternative methods have been considered for treating cholelithiasis. Compared to extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL), a percutaneous endoscopic approach would be more invasive, but would offer the advantage of immediate stone removal without the need for subsequent drug therapy. We performed an in vitro comparison of three methods of transcatheter cholecystolithotripsy with regard to effectiveness of stone fragmentation, damage to the gallbladder mucosa, and compatibility with percutaneous delivery systems. The three devices used for cholecystolithotripsy were the ultrasonic lithotriptor (UL), the electrohydraulic lithotriptor (EHL), and the thulium-holmium-chromium: YAG laser (THC:YAG). The UL effectively fragmented all types of stones studied, although it is necessary to hold the stone against the tip of the probe. The EHL quickly fragmented noncalcified and pigment stones simply by placing the tip in the vicinity of the stone, but calcified stones had to be held in position near the electrode. The THC:YAG was effective at fragmenting each type of stone, but the number of pulses required was quite large, corresponding to 7 min for some stones. The EHL had the most capacity for mucosal damage, followed by the THC:YAG laser. The UL produced no mucosal damage at the exposure times tested. The UL is not compatible with flexible endoscopes while the EHL and the THC:YAG are. Because of the specific advantages and disadvantages of each device, a combination of devices may be required for successful clinical cholecystolithotripsy. 相似文献
932.
经眉弓眶上锁孔入路切除鞍区病变 总被引:14,自引:4,他引:10
目的探讨经眉弓眶上锁孔入路治疗鞍区病变的显微手术技术。方法采用经眉弓皮肤切口,做2.0cm×2.5cm包分眶板在内的额下骨窗;应用显微手术技术处理鞍区病变20例。结果20例鞍区病变采用经眉弓眶上锁孔入路愈,包括垂体瘤9例,颅咽管瘤4例,后交通动脉瘤1例,鞍膈脑膜瘤1例,鞍结节脑膜瘤1例,嗅沟脑膜瘤1例,脊神经损伤2例,1例出现一过性尿崩症,3例出现电解质紊乱,所有20例均经随访,到目前为止,无一例复发。结上锁孔入路可明显减少手术创伤,同时能提供鞍区足够的手术空间,并能有效地处理病变。 相似文献
933.
椎间孔镜BEIS技术治疗老年腰椎侧隐窝狭窄症 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
目的 :探讨经皮椎间孔镜BEIS(broad easy immediate surgery)技术治疗老年腰椎侧隐窝狭窄症的安全性及有效性。方法:2014年2月至2016年5月,采用经皮椎间孔镜BEIS技术治疗21例老年腰椎侧隐窝狭窄症患者,其中男13例,女8例,年龄70~85岁,平均74.3岁。记录术前、术后1、12个月腿痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)及Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry Disability Index,ODI),统计分析术前及术后各时间点的差异。用改良MacNab标准评价疗效。结果 :21例患者均顺利完成手术,手术时间90~130 min,平均110 min。所有病例获得随访,时间12~38个月,平均18个月。术前、术后1、12个月的VAS评分分别为8.47±1.23、1.78±0.72、0.68±0.32,术前、术后1、12个月的ODI评分分别为32.48±10.03、19.53±3.55、5.15±1.02,术后2个时间点随访的VAS评分及ODI评分,均较术前明显改善(P0.05)。术后12个月采用改良Mac Nab标准评定疗效,优14例,良5例,可2例。术后出现下肢感觉异常1例,给予保守治疗,术后3周恢复。1例肺气肿患者术后出现肺部感染,经抗感染治疗后控制。无椎体或椎间隙感染、血管及神经根损伤、硬脊膜撕裂脑脊液漏等并发症发生。结论:经皮椎间孔镜BEIS技术治疗老年腰椎侧隐窝狭窄症是一种安全、有效、微创的手术方法,但技术难度较大,特别是对于严重的椎间孔狭窄,经椎间孔入路操作困难,应严格把握手术适应证。术后可能并发神经激惹及术后感觉异常。 相似文献
934.
Kathleen Ludwikowski MS RN CS Pediatric Nurse Practitioner owner Marcia DeValk BA RN C Child Adolescent Psychiatric Nurse Consultant 《Journal of child and adolescent psychiatric nursing》1998,11(1):17-29
TOPIC. Attention-deficitlhyperactivity disorder is frequently overdiagnosed when a complete evaluation by a knowledgeable clinician is not undertaken. Because of the recent negative media campaign regarding psychos t im ulan t medication, it becomes more imperative that a thorough and accurate evaluation be completed before starting children and adolescents on psychostimulant medications.
PURPOSE. To describe the neurodevelopmental perspective in the assessment and treatment of ADHD.
SOURCES. Published literature and clinical experience.
CONCLUSION. It is useful in practice to conceptualize the dmelopmental path of children with ADHD not as disordered but as delayed, and to build on each child's strengths. The neurodmeloprnental approach provides the child psychiatric nurse a child-focused framework for assessment and development of individualized interventions. 相似文献
PURPOSE. To describe the neurodevelopmental perspective in the assessment and treatment of ADHD.
SOURCES. Published literature and clinical experience.
CONCLUSION. It is useful in practice to conceptualize the dmelopmental path of children with ADHD not as disordered but as delayed, and to build on each child's strengths. The neurodmeloprnental approach provides the child psychiatric nurse a child-focused framework for assessment and development of individualized interventions. 相似文献
935.
目的:比较天幕裂孔后内方病变常用的手术入路,特别对经枕经天幕入路作深入研究。方法:应用经乳胶灌注成人福尔马林固定头颅湿标本,共10具,模拟幕下小脑上入路和经枕经天幕入路,体会两种入路暴露的范围、经过的重要结构。结果:行经枕经天幕入路Galen静脉显露满意;幕下小脑上入路Galen静脉及其主要属支大脑内静脉显露差。经枕经天幕入路能良好暴露天幕游离缘水平以上的结构;幕下小脑上入路能良好暴露天幕裂孔后方空闰的下半部分。经枕经天幕入路当体位放在3/4俯卧位术侧朝下时,枕极牵开较易,暴露松果体区、中脑和接近三脑室后部都较方便。坐位时处理小脑上表面时比较方便。枕内侧静脉以及距状沟、顶枕沟的交汇点可以作为定位大脑后动脉、脉络膜后内侧动脉以及Galen静脉的标志。结论:经枕经天幕入路可用于主体主要位于天幕裂孔后内方空间上半部的病变,同时也适用于部分延伸至下半部分的病变,对于累及小脑前上部和四叠体的病变也适用。幕下小脑上入路主要适用于那些位于中线且完全位于天幕裂孔后内方空间下半部分、侵及四叠体和小脑前上部的病变。对于两种入路均可选择的病变,我们更倾向于选择经枕经天幕入路。3/4俯卧位术侧朝下体位是适合经枕经天幕入路的较好体位;坐位仍有一定的应用价值。枕内侧静脉以及距状沟、顶枕沟的交汇点可以作为定位大脑后动脉、脉络膜后内侧动脉以及Galen静脉的标志。 相似文献
936.
Transoralapproachwasanidealapproachtouppercervicalspinebecauseofitsdirectaccesstothefocusandrelativelylittleneedofextensivetissueresection.However,thehighinfectionratetogetherwithothercomplicationssuchashemorrhageandasphyxiationhadlimitedtheuseofthisapproach.Sincetheadvancesinantibioticsandoperativetechniques,thecomplicationshadbeendecreasedmarked-ly.Wereportedtheoutcomeof17patientsusingthisapproach.1Subjectandmethods1.1Subject17patients(13malesand4females)from1993~2… 相似文献
937.
Shai S. Shemesh Calin S. Moucha Aakash Keswani Nolan A. Maher Darwin Chen Michael J. Bronson 《The Journal of arthroplasty》2018,33(4):1205-1209
Background
Trochanteric bursitis (TB) remains a common complication after total hip arthroplasty (THA), with an incidence between 3% and 17%, depending on the surgical approach, with the posterior approach (PA) being relatively protective compared to the lateral approach. The purposes of this study were to determine the incidence of TB after primary THA, identify potential risk factors for TB, and examine the utility of different modes of treatment.Methods
Retrospective cohort data of 990 primary THAs performed in a single institution, including 613 PAs and 377 direct anterior approaches (DAAs), were analyzed. Data abstracted included demographic data, operative diagnosis, comorbidities, radiographic assessment, and other specific predictors of interest that were compared between patients diagnosed with TB following THA and controls.Results
The incidence of TB following primary THA was 5.4% (54/990) for the entire cohort. The incidence did not differ significantly between the PA and DAA (5% vs 6.1%, respectively; P = .47). Charlson comorbidity index and American Society of Anesthesiology did not differ significantly in the TB group. Lumbar spinal stenosis and history of past smoking were significantly more common in patients who developed TB (P = .03, P = .01, respectively), but did not continue to be significant risk factors on multivariate analysis. All patients were treated nonoperatively by the time of final follow-up. Seventy-four percent required a local steroid injection and 30% required treatment with more than one modality.Conclusion
The occurrence of TB is not influenced by the surgical approach (PA or DAA), and could not be predicted by specific comorbidities or radiographic measurements. However, it can be effectively treated conservatively in most cases. 相似文献938.
Alberto V. Carli Stéphane Poitras John C. Clohisy Paul E. Beaulé 《The Journal of arthroplasty》2018,33(10):3201-3205
Background
A traditional method to reduce dislocation risk following total hip arthroplasty involves prescribing postoperative precautions and ambulatory equipment to patients. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of postoperative precaution and equipment use among North American arthroplasty surgeons for patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty.Methods
We conducted a survey of American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons and Canadian Arthroplasty Society members using an electronic questionnaire format to determine how often precautions and equipment were prescribed, and whether their use was associated with surgical approach and other surgeon demographics.Results
Of the respondents, 44% universally prescribed precautions while 33% never prescribed precautions. Use of the posterolateral approach, surgeon experience, and larger head size use were significantly associated (P < .01) with precaution and equipment use. Direct anterior approach surgeons were significantly less likely to prescribe precautions (P < .0001) and significantly less likely to prescribe equipment (P < .0001).Conclusion
Although postoperative precautions continue to be used to some degree by the majority of members, their consumption of healthcare resources through utilization of additional care providers and purchasing of equipment, known association with reduced patient satisfaction, and lack of supporting evidence make them a target for future scrutiny. 相似文献939.
Clayton R. Perry Adam M. Fahs Michael D. Kurdziel Denise M. Koueiter Randy J. Fayne James J. Verner 《The Journal of arthroplasty》2018,33(6):1770-1774
Background
Modern joint arthroplasty protocols place an emphasis on minimizing patient-reported postoperative pain while minimizing opioid consumption. The use of multimodal pain management protocols has been reported to improve patient outcomes and satisfaction after total hip arthroplasty.Methods
In a prospective, single-surgeon trial, 50 patients undergoing primary direct anterior approach total hip arthroplasty were randomized to receive a preoperative fascia iliaca compartment block (FICB) or an intraoperative surgeon-delivered psoas compartment block (PCB). Patient-reported pain was recorded in the postanesthesia care unit, recovery floor and 3 weeks postoperatively. Opioid use was recorded during the hospital stay.Results
Average visual analog scale pain scores in the postanesthesia care unit were 38.7 ± 8.7 vs 35.6 ± 8.3 (P = .502) for the preoperative FICB and intraoperative PCB groups, respectively. No significant difference was found between groups at the 3-week visit for postoperative pain (FICB: 2.9 ± 1.4; PCB: 3.2 ± 2.0; P = .970) and patient-reported pain satisfaction (FICB: 8.8 ± 2.2; PCB: 9.7 ± 0.6; P = .110).Conclusion
During the direct anterior approach for total hip arthroplasty, PCB is an effective and efficient regional anesthesia technique. It may be used to obtain satisfactory postoperative pain control and patient satisfaction while decreasing hospital resources. 相似文献940.
Tori A. Edmiston Gregory C. Manista P. Maxwell Courtney Scott M. Sporer Craig J. Della Valle Brett R. Levine 《The Journal of arthroplasty》2018,33(2):362-365