胸顶部肿瘤外科治疗27例临床分析

目的　探讨前径路技术在胸顶部肿瘤手术治疗中的应用及其优势。　方法　从 1995年 1月至 2 0 0 1年 1月 ,手术治疗原发性胸顶部肿瘤患者 2 7例 ,平均年龄 4 9 2岁。病理类型包括非小细胞肺癌、肉瘤、神经纤维瘤、颈段食管癌等。通过对临床表现、肿瘤类型及外侵范围、手术径路及切除程度、并发症、生存期等资料进行分析 ,评估前径路对手术安全性和彻底性的帮助以及对延长生存期的作用。　结果　 6例采用前径路半蛤壳切口 ,全部得到完全切除 ;2 1例采用后径路Paulson切口 ,其中 13例为完全切除 ,8例为姑息性切除。随访 2 3～ 4 6个月 (平均 2 9个月 ) ,总的中位生存期为2 1个月 ,其中完全切除者为 2 9个月 ,姑息切除者为 14个月 ,两者差异有显著意义 (P <0 0 1)。前径路的完全切除率明显高于后径路 (χ2 =1.6 78,P <0 0 1)。　结论　前径路切口可显著改善胸顶结构的暴露 ,尤其对于锁骨下血管、臂丛神经等结构可在直视下予以解剖 ,从而增加了手术的安全性和彻底性。     

Anatomic basis for a minimally invasive approach to the subtalar joint

Introduction An isolated arthrodesis of the talocalcaneonavicular joint is a common indication in cases of pain and post-traumatic arthroses.Materials and methods Because of the high infection rate after surgery with the lateral incision, the authors decided to evaluate an alternative, minimally invasive procedure. Joint destruction was carried out via a posterolateral access after the insertion of two guidewires. For an evaluation of the risk for vessel and nerve structures, 102 ankle joint specimens preserved in formalin/alcohol were examined. Additionally, the minimally invasive access was evaluated in ten ankle joint specimens.Results Neither in the specimen nor during evaluation of the minimally invasive access could injuries of vessels or nerve structures larger than 1 mm in diameter be found. The authors did not encounter any problems when drilling open the articular surface with a destruction of 65% of the overall surface and when performing the following arthrodesis using a plug technique. Using a posterolateral, minimally invasive access between the Achilles tendon and lateral malleolus, it is possible to resect about 65% of the subtalar articular surface for arthrodesis without impact on major vessels and nerves. Postoperative complications such as sensitive and sensory failure as well as wound healing impairment at the lateral side of the foot are not to be expected when choosing the minimally invasive access.Conclusion It has to be said, however, that this technique does not offer the opportunity of performing a corrective arthrodesis as the hindfoot cannot be displayed during surgery. As the result of this study was positive, clinical evaluation was started.     

Limited posterior approach for internal fixation of a glenoid fracture

We present the case of a patient who was treated by open reduction and internal fixation for a displaced glenoid fracture using a limited posterior approach.No benefits in any form have been received or will be received from a commercial party related directly or indirectly to the subject of this article. No funds were received in support of this study.     

Early results of subvastus versus medial parapatellar approach in primary total knee arthroplasty

Introduction To evaluate the clinical and radiographic results immediately after total knee arthroplasty, we compared the parapatellar and subvastus approach.Materials and methods Fifty-two patients with osteoarthritis were randomly assigned to two groups. The measurement was based on clinical and radiographic features.Results There was a significant difference in passive range of motion. Patients in the subvastus approach group revealed a full knee extension and flexion of 90° significantly earlier than those in the parapatellar group. However, on the day of discharge, both groups were comparable. Radiological assessment revealed analogous results in both groups. Correction of varus or valgus deformity was required in 48 patients.Conclusion Regardless of the surgical approach, the anteroposterior tibial femoral angle improved significantly in both groups. Concerning pain, operation time, blood loss, blood substitution and complications, no major differences could be seen.     

Learning, Enjoying, Growing, Support model: an innovative collaborative approach to the prevention of conduct disorder in preschoolers in hard to reach rural families

OBJECTIVE: To develop, implement and evaluate a pilot program targeting rural families with preschool aged children at risk of conduct disorder. DESIGN: A prospective single group repeated measures design. SETTING: Communities in four local government areas in the Mid Western Area Health Service, New South Wales. SUBJECTS: A total of 33 families were referred to the program through community services where they were established clients. INTERVENTIONS: The Learning, Enjoying, Growing, Support model comprised a parenting program (Incredible Years; Kids Challenge and Change); a children's social skills program (Playing and learning to Socialise) and a transition to school component. Group programs were run simultaneously over 5-10 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Measures of positive parenting and child problem behaviour and social skills were conducted on referral, and at completion of the program. RESULTS: There was a self-reported increase in utilisation of all positive parenting skills with significant increases in rewarding (median score on referral: 4 (range: 4-6); at completion of program 6 (4-6); (P = 0.02)) and ignoring (2 (0-6) to 3 (1-8); (P = 0.02)). Children increased their levels of social skills. Significant improvement was reported in cooperation: (median score: 24 (18-33) to 27 (19-33); (P = 0.02)); interaction (24 (6-9) to 26 (11-32); (P = 0.03)) and independence(25 (16-33) to 28 (20-33); (P = 0.008)). There was a downward trend in problem behaviour exhibited with a significant reduction in internalising behaviour (median score 19 (3-30) to 12 (0-32); (P = 0.04)). CONCLUSIONS: The positive impact of the model on parenting skills and child behaviour is promising and communities are continuing to run the programs. We recommend a broader adoption through rural communities.     

Right-sided prepectoral implantation of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator in a right pneumonectomized patient

Right-sided prepectoral implantation of an ICD is performed in unusual circumstances only, like in patients with abnormal venous drainage and preexisting left-sided devices. This case report describes a 42-year-old man who had undergone previous right pneumonectomy and who required ICD implantation for symptomatic inducible nonsuppressable hemodynamically unstable ventricular tachycardia. To avoid the small but real possibility of inadvertent iatrogenic left-sided pneumothorax in a patient with previous right pneumonectomy, a dual chamber ICD with an active can was implanted in the right prepectoral position.     

A holistic-existential approach to health promotion

Health promotion seems to be implicit in many nursing theories, but the theoretical and philosophical basis of health promotion in nursing is not always explicitly stated. The interpretation of health promotion is closely related to the interpretation of man, health, illness and nursing. There is a need to clarify, refine and redefine health promotion in nursing because the concept is partly nonspecific and has not been used to identify a distinctive nursing focus. The aim of this study was to formulate a stipulative definition of health promotive nursing with a holistic-existential approach. A philosophical frame of reference in combination with conceptual analysis and theoretical synthesis were used as the methodological approach. The philosophical framework served as a basis in selecting the nursing theories and influenced the analysis. Two nursing theories and one nursing model were selected due to their influence on Norwegian nursing and because of their philosophical basis. Through analysis and synthesis of the selected nursing theories, the concepts man, health, illness/disease and nursing were analysed. The paper proposes a stipulative definition of health promotion in nursing based on a holistic-existential approach, supported by five necessary conditions. The definition and conditions needs to be further investigated by both empirical studies and by comparing with other relevant nursing theories, in order to formulate theoretical statements. The proposed definition may be the first step in a process of developing a theoretical framework of health promotive nursing with a holistic-existential approach.