双入路小切口坏死组织清除术联合持续灌注引流治疗感染性坏死性胰腺炎的临床疗效

目的探讨双入路小切口坏死组织清除术联合持续灌注引流治疗感染性坏死性胰腺炎(INP)的临床疗效。方法采用回顾性描述性研究方法。收集2016年4月至2019年7月陆军军医大学大坪医院收治的20例INP病人的临床资料;男11例,女9例;年龄为(42±9)岁。20例病人均行双入路小切口坏死组织清除术,联合术后脓腔持续灌注引流。观察指标:(1)手术情况。(2)术后情况。(3)随访情况。采用门诊及电话方式进行随访,了解病人发热、腹痛、腹胀、腹泻等临床表现及胰腺周围残余组织感染和生存情况。随访时间截至2020年1月。正态分布的计量资料以x±s表示,偏态分布的计量资料以M(范围)表示。计数资料以绝对数表示。结果(1)手术情况:20例病人均顺利完成手术,其中14例手术入路为腹上区+左侧腹膜后入路,1例为腹上区+右侧腹膜后入路,5例为腹上区+双侧腹膜后入路。20例病人中,14例行附加手术,其中10例行空肠造瘘术、2例行胃造瘘及空肠造瘘术、1例行腹腔镜胆囊切除及空肠造瘘术、1例行胆囊造瘘术。20例病人手术时间为(228±41)min,术中出血量为100 mL(50~700 mL)。(2)术后情况:20例病人术后开始行0.9%氯化钠溶液脓腔持续灌注引流时间为2 d(1~14 d)。20例病人中,6例发生术后并发症,其中1例为术后胃瘘合并腹腔出血(于术后13 d行剖腹探查止血+胃造瘘术)、1例为术后十二指肠瘘(于术后111 d行胃肠吻合+空肠造瘘术)、1例为术后腹膜后残余组织坏死感染(于术后11 d再次行胰腺周围坏死组织清除引流术)、1例为术后胆囊瘘(于术后71 d行胆囊切除术)、2例为术后胰瘘(经保守治疗后痊愈)。20例病人第1次手术后住院时间为42 d(20~178 d)。(3)随访情况:20例病人均获得术后随访,随访时间为6.0~45.0个月,中位随访时间为14.5个月。随访期间,1例病人继发糖尿病;无病人出现发热、腹痛、腹胀、腹泻等临床表现。20例病人胰腺周围残余组织吸收良好,无病人死亡。结论双入路小切口坏死组织清除术联合持续灌注引流治疗INP安全、可行。     

腹膜外入路腹腔镜下膀胱颈悬吊术治疗压力性尿失禁TVT-O术后失败或复发患者的初步经验

目的报道6例经腹膜外途径腹腔镜下膀胱颈Cooper韧带悬吊术(Burch手术)治疗女性压力性尿失禁行经阴道经闭孔尿道中段无张力悬吊术(TVT-O)术后失败或复发患者的初步经验。方法回顾分析2015年6月至2019年9月我们采用经腹腔镜下腹膜外途径Burch手术治疗的6例女性压力性尿失禁TVT-O术后失败或复发患者。自脐下2 cm处切开皮肤并制造腹膜外空间,用2#0薇荞线将尿道旁侧的阴道壁肌层“8字”缝合后再缝合到同侧Cooper韧带上。观察患者手术时间、出血量、住院时间等。结果所有手术均成功,手术时间(37±6)min,术中出血量(17±7)ml,术后住院时间(4.5±0.5)d。6例随访时间3~45个月,所有病例尿失禁症状均消失,均无感染、膀胱损伤、排尿困难、复发等并发症。结论女性压力性尿失禁患者行TVT-O术失败或复发后,选择腹腔镜下经腹膜外途径Burch术安全、有效,可以获得完全尿控,为临床可选方案。     

Analgesic Effects of Ultrasound‐Guided Iliohypogastric/Ilioinguinal Nerve Block Combined with Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve Block in Total Hip Arthroplasty via Direct Anterior Approach: A Retrospective Cohort Study

ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the efficacy and safety of the combination of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve blocks (LFCNB) and iliohypogastric/ilioinguinal nerve blocks (IHINB) on postoperative pain and functional outcomes after total hip arthroplasty (THA) via the direct anterior approach (DAA).MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, patients undergoing THA via the DAA between January 2019 and November 2019 were stratified into two groups based on their date of admission. Sixty‐seven patients received LFCNB and IHINB along with periarticular infiltration analgesia (PIA) (nerve block group), and 75 patients received PIA alone (control group). The outcomes included postoperative morphine consumption, postoperative pain assessed using the visual analogue scale (VAS), the QoR‐15 score, and functional recovery measured as quadriceps strength, time to first straight leg rise, daily ambulation distance, and duration of hospitalization. The Oxford hip score and the UCLA activity level rating were assessed at 1 and 3 months after surgery. In addition, postoperative complications were recorded. Patients were also compared based on the type of incision used during surgery (traditional longitudinal or “bikini” incision).ResultsPatients in the nerve block group showed significantly lower postoperative morphine consumption, lower resting VAS scores within 12 h postoperatively, lower VAS scores during motion within 24 h postoperatively, and better QoR‐15 scores on postoperative day 1. These patients also showed significantly better functional recovery during hospitalization. At 1‐month and 3‐month outpatient follow up, the two groups showed no significant differences in Oxford hip score or UCLA activity level rating. There were no significant differences in the incidence of postoperative complications. Similar results were observed when patients were stratified by type of incision, except that the duration of hospitalization was similar.ConclusionCompared to PIA alone, a combination of LFCNB and IHINB along with PIA can improve early pain relief, reduce morphine consumption, and accelerate functional recovery, without increasing complications after THA via the DAA.     

Robotic transanal total mesorectal excision: Is the future now?

Total mesorectal excision (TME) is the standard surgical treatment for the curative radical resection of rectal cancers. Minimally invasive TME has been gaining ground favored by the continuous technological advancements. New procedures, such as transanal TME (TaTME), have been introduced to overcome some technical limitations, especially in low rectal tumors, obese patients, and/or narrow pelvis. The earliest TaTME reports showed promising results when compared with the conventional laparoscopic TME. However, recent publications raised concerns regarding the high rates of anastomotic leaks or local recurrences observed in national series. Robotic TaTME (R-TaTME) has been proposed as a novel technique incorporating the potential benefits of a perineal dissection together with precise control of the distal margins, and also offers all those advantages provided by the robotic technology in terms of improved precision and dexterity. Encouraging short-term results have been reported for R-TaTME, but further studies are needed to assess the real role of the new technique in the long-term oncological or functional outcomes. The present review aims to provide a general overview of R-TaTME by analyzing the body of the available literature, with a special focus on the potential benefits, harms, and future perspectives for this novel approach.     

Retrorectal tumors: A challenge for the surgeons

Retrorectal or presacral tumors are rare lesions located in the presacral area and considered as being derived from multiple embryological remnants. These tumors are classified as congenital, neurogenic, osseous, inflammatory, or miscellaneous. The most common among these are congenital benign lesions that present with non-specific symptoms, such as lower back pain and change in bowel habit. Although congenital and developmental tumors occur in younger patients, the median age of presentation is reported to be 45 years. Magnetic resonance imaging plays a crucial role in treatment management through accurate diagnosis of the lesion, the evaluation of invasion to adjacent structures, and the decision of appropriate surgical approach. The usefulness of preoperative biopsy is still debated; currently, it is only indicated for solid or heterogeneous tumors if it will alter the treatment management. Surgical resection with clear margins is considered the optimal treatment; described approaches are transabdominal, perineal, combined abdominoperineal, and minimally invasive. Benign retrorectal tumors have favorable long-term outcomes with a low incidence of recurrence, whereas malignant tumors have a potential for distant organ metastasis in addition to local recurrence.     

The association between decision-making skills and subjective decision outcomes among administrative officers in the Swedish Social Insurance Agency

Social insurance administrative officers’ decision-making skills influence their efficiency at work and their general well-being. At work their tasks are characterised by complexity and a need for order and accountability. Moreover, cases should usually be handled and finalised within the imposed time frames. We investigated skills related to decision-making success among social insurance officers. In total, 118 administrative officers at the Swedish Social Insurance Agency (66% response rate) responded to questions on scales and measures relating to cognitive-rational, socio-emotional and time approach features of decision-making skill. In addition, they responded to questions on three scales pertaining to outcomes of everyday decisions in terms of subjective everyday difficulties, tendencies to burnout and depressive symptoms. The results showed that cognitive-rational competence was associated with lower reports of subjective everyday difficulties and depressive symptoms and thereby contributed to the explained variance in decision outcomes. Furthermore, socio-emotional and time approach features of decision-making skills contributed to the explanation for subjective everyday difficulties, tendencies to burnout and depressive symptoms. The results corroborate the basic assumption and usefulness of a broad approach in the definition and assessment of decision-making skills in human service professions in general, and of administrative officers in social insurance agencies in particular. Recommendations for future research and the implications of the results are discussed.     

唐山市大气PM2.5引起居民健康危害的经济学评价

目的 了解唐山市PM2.5污染对唐山市市区人口造成的健康危害,估算由于PM2.5造成的健康经济损失。方法 收集唐山市2013—2017年基本社会人口资料与大气PM2.5浓度。选择循环系统疾病住院等为健康效应终点,选用适当的暴露-反应关系,采取疾病成本法与支付意愿法相结合的方法评估PM2.5造成的健康效应的经济损失。结果 2013—2017年PM2.5污染造成的经济损失呈现逐年下降的趋势,其中2013年最高,为6.57亿元,占当年GDP的0.27%,2017年最低,为2.97亿元,占当年GDP的0.13%。结论 唐山PM2.5污染造成的健康损失呈现逐年下降的趋势,但数字仍然非常可观,需要进一步加强对PM2.5污染的监控与治理。     

The surgical anatomy of the superior gluteal nerve and anatomical radiologic bases of the direct lateral approach to the hip

Summary In view of the increasing popularity of the direct lateral approach to the hip joint for hemi- or total hip arthroplasty, the location of the superior gluteal nerve (SGN) was studied. This nerve is in danger when using a transgluteal incision. In 20 embalmed specimens the relation of the SGN to the tip of the greater trochanter (TT) was studied as well as the relation to the iliac crest. For this purpose macroscopy, microscopy and CT were used. In 13 hips a so-called most inferior branch was found at an average of 1 cm distal to the inferior branch, the main trunk of the nerve. There was substantial variation in the course of both the inferior and the most inferior branch of the SGN. In order to prevent nerve damage, proximal extension of the transgluteal incision should be limited to 3 cm cranial to TT. Furthermore the incision has to be confined to the distal one third of the distance TT-iliac crest. In tall people extra care should be taken.

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Anatomie chirurgicale du nerf glutéal supérieur et bases anatomo-radiologiques de l'abord latéral direct de la hanche

Résumé Les recours de plus en plus fréquent à la voie latérale directe de la hanche pour les prothèses totales ou cervico céphaliques nous a conduit à étudier la localisation du nerf glutéal supérieur (SGN) qui est exposé lors de l'incision transglutéale. Les rapports du SGN avec le sommet du grand trochanter (TT) et avec la crête iliaque ont été étudiés sur 20 cadavres embaumés. Nous avons eu recours à l'étude macroscopique, microscopique ainsi qu'au scanner. Dans 13 cas nous avons mis en évidence une branche très inférieure, donc plus distale, située 1 cm en moyenne en dessous de la branche inférieure habituelle de bifurcation du tronc principal. Il existait des variations importantes dans les trajets de ces deux branches inférieures. Afin de prévenir une lésion chirurgicale du nerf, l'incision transglutéale ne doit pas aller au delà de 3 cm du sommet du grand trochanter, de plus l'incision doit être confinée en dessous du tiers distal de la ligne joignant le grand trochanter à la crête iliaque.

     

Anatomic study of femoral vein occlusion during simulated hip arthroplasty

Summary An anatomic study was undertaken to establish whether positioning of the leg and surgical approaches for total hip replacement (THR) cause changes in the femoral v. which may contribute to the development of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). The patency of 32 femoral vv. of 18 cadavers was inspected at different levels during simulated THR. Before and after removal of the femoral head through a transgluteal or posterior approach, a wide-angle endoscope was inserted into the femoral v. via the external iliac v. Blood flow was simulated by proximal irrigation with saline through the popliteal v. After removal of the femoral head distinct changes were observed in both approaches. In the transgluteal approach the changes were dependent on the degree of adduction and the body build of the cadaver. Initially, an oval form was seen in a constricted lumen with an increasingly oblique oval deformation and a final facet-like closure, usually at about 5 to 7.5 cm below the inguinal ligament. In total adduction this stenosis occured regardless of build. Using a posterior approach, the necessary internal rotation caused a closure of the vein in 50% of cases. In combination with flexion and adduction there was stenosis in all cadavers regardless of body build. Our results indicate that the duration of the adducted position of the thigh during THR via a transgluteal approach should be minimised, as there is a reduction in blood flow with even minor degrees of adduction. In the posterior approach the stenosis occurs earlier, and is independent of the build of the cadaver.

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Étude anatomique de la sténose de la veine fémorale au cours des arthroplasties totales de hanche

Résumé L'étude anatomique a été réalisée pour établir la relation entre les différentes positions du membre inférieur au cours des arthroplasties totales de hanche et la survenue d'une thrombose veineuse profonde. Cette étude a été réalisée sur 18 cadavres, dont 32 vv. fémorales ont pu être examinées à différents temps de l'arthroplastie totale de hanche, avant et après ablation de la tête fémorale, par voie trans-glutéale ou par voie postérieure. Un endoscope (grand angle) a été introduit dans la v. fémorale par la v. iliaque externe. Le flux sanguin a été simulé par irrigation antérograde avec du sérum salé à travers la v. poplitée. Après l'ablation de la tête fémorale, il a été noté des différences significatives entre la voie d'abord trans-glutéale et la voie d'abord postérieure pour ce qui concerne l'aspect de la lumière de la v. fémorale et le flux sanguin. En ce qui concerne la voie trans-glutéale, ces modifications dépendaient du degré d'adduction et de la corpulence du cadavre. L'aspect de la lumière de la v. fémorale était initialement ovale, puis évoluait progressivement vers la sténose complète qui se situait à peu près entre 5 et 7,5 cm audessous du ligament inguinal. En adduction complète de la cuisse, la sténose se produisait, quelle que soit la corpulence du cadavre. En ce qui concerne la voie d'abord postérieure, la rotation médiale, indispensable à l'accès pour la mise en place de l'élément prothétique fémoral, causait une sténose de la v. fémorale dans 50% des cas. En ce qui concerne la combinaison des mouvements d'adduction et de flexion de la hanche, elle était responsable d'une sténose de la v. fémorale dans tous les cas, et ceci quelle que soit la corpulence du cadavre. Nos résultats indiquent que le durée de la position d'adduction de la cuisse durant l'arthroplastie totale de hanche par voie transglutéale devrait être diminuée car la réduction du flux sanguin dans la v. fémorale survient, même pour des petits degrés d'adduction. Dans la voie d'abord postérieure, la sténose survient plus tôt, elle ne dépend pas de la corpulence du cadavre.

     

肘内侧入路的临床应用解剖及其意义

目的:为肘内侧入路手术避免损伤重要结构提供解剖学基础。方法:选教学用的固定尸体标本24具(男18女6)48侧,按手术入路层次,对肘内侧入路的相关血管神经进行解剖学观测。结果:(1)臂内侧皮神经于臂中部的内侧面浅出,直径为(1.05±0.35)mm;前臂内侧皮神经于臂内侧中下1/3肱二头肌内侧沟伴贵要静脉浅出,直径为(1.50±0.55)mm。(2)尺神经干在肘部发出1~3肘关节支、1~4尺侧腕屈肌支和1~4指深屈肌支。(3)尺侧上副动脉、尺侧下副动脉和尺侧返动脉后支从肱动脉的起点处至尺神经垂直距离分别为(1.65±0.35)cm、(2.43±0.54)cm、(1.86±0.41)cm;与尺神经伴行至内上髁的距离分别为(14.38±1.82)cm、(4.51±1.16)cm、(5.91±0.67)cm。肘部附近尺侧下副动脉和尺侧返动脉后支与尺侧上副动脉在尺神经外膜相吻合。结论:(1)肘内侧入路浅层必须寻找和保护臂内侧皮神经和前臂内侧皮神经;(2)肘内侧入路保护尺神经血供及其肌支是临床手术成败的关键。