叶下珠种质资源遗传多样性的ISSR分析

目的对分布于我国30个居群的叶下珠进行遗传多样性分析。方法采用ISSR分子标记技术,研究来自我国重庆、陕西、河南、云南、广西、广东、浙江、贵州、福建、海南省区共30个叶下珠居群的遗传多样性。结果从60个ISSR引物中筛选出24个用于扩增,共扩增得到264条条带,其中共有条带19条,多样性条带245条,多态位点百分率(PPB)为92.80%,遗传相似性系数(GS)值在0.579 5～0.916 7,多态性较高。UPGMA聚类结果显示我国叶下珠居群大致可以分为3支,即内陆分支、沿海分支及位于云南省区的过渡分支;个别居群呈现明显的居群特异性。结论叶下珠种质资源遗传多样性较高。     

忍冬属植物环烯醚萜类成分研究概况

我国忍冬属植物资源较为丰富,其中可供药用的品种达47种,广布于全国各省区,金银花为该属植物中的临床常用中药,具有很高的药用价值。忍冬属中环烯醚萜类成分显示出较强的生物活性,通过对忍冬属植物中环烯醚萜类成分的分布及其生物活性进行综述,展望今后忍冬属植物此类成分的研究方向和应用前景,便于对忍冬属植物中环烯醚萜类成分及其药理作用进行更深入的研究,并充分开发利用该属药用植物资源。     

风轮菜属药用植物的研究进展

风轮菜属药用植物在我国分布广泛,药用价值前景良好。目前研究发现该属植物中主要含有黄酮和皂苷类成分,现代药理学研究表明其主要具有止血、抗菌、抗炎、降血糖、抗肿瘤、抗辐射等生物活性。主要对近年来该属植物的化学成分和药理活性进行综述,为该属植物的开发利用提供科学依据。     

Antinociceptive activity of methanol extract of flowers of Impatiens balsamina

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Impatiens balsamina Linn. (Balsaminaceae), an annual herb locally called “Dopati”, is cultivated as an ornamental garden plant in Bangladesh. Flowers of the plant are used in folk medicine to treat lumbago, neuralgia, burns and scalds.

Aim of the study

This study evaluated the antinociceptive effect of the methanol extract of I. balsamina flowers (MIB).

Materials and methods

The extract was evaluated for antinociceptive activity using chemical- and heat-induced pain models such as acetic acid-induced writhing, hot plate, tail immersion and formalin test. To verify the possible involvement of opioid receptor in the central antinociceptive effect of MIB, naloxone was used to antagonize the effect. The effect of MIB on central nervous system (CNS) was also studied using hole cross and open field tests.

Results

MIB demonstrated strong and dose-dependent antinociceptive activity in all the chemical- and heat-induced mice models (p<0.05). These findings imply the involvement of both peripheral and central antinociceptive mechanisms. The use of naloxone confirmed the association of opioid receptors in the central antinociceptive effect. MIB also showed significant central nervous system depressant effect (p<0.05).

Conclusion

This study reported the peripheral and central antinociceptive activity of the flowers of I. balsamina and rationalized the traditional use of the flower in the treatment of different painful conditions.     

酸浆醇提物对食管癌EC-1.71细胞增殖的抑制作用

目的:研究酸浆醇提物(ethanol extracts of Physalis alkekengi Linn.,EEP)对食管癌EC-1.71细胞增殖的抑制作用,探讨其可能的作用机制.方法:EEP作用于EC-1.71细胞后,采用倒置显微镜观察细胞形态的改变;采用细胞计数法观察其对细胞增殖的抑制作用;通过流式细胞仪检测法...     

正交试验优选贯叶金丝桃中金丝桃苷的乙醇提取工艺

目的探索贯叶金丝桃药材中金丝桃苷的乙醇提取工艺。方法以金丝桃苷的含量为考察指标,采用正交设计法对影响乙醇提取效果的因素进行优选。结果最佳提取条件为10倍90%乙醇提取2次,每次1.5 h。结论最佳优选结果用于验证实验具有较好的重现性。     

Synergistic postprandial blood glucose modulatory properties of Vernonia amygdalina (Del.), Gongronema latifolium (Benth.) and Occimum gratissimum (Linn.) aqueous decoctions

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Traditional healers in Nigeria use a combination of decoctions from green leafy vegetables in their blood glucose (BG) lowering recipes. Three plants Vernonia amygdalina (Del.) (VA), Gongronema latifolium (Benth.) (GL) and Occimum gratissimum (Linn.) (OG) are found consistently in such recipes. Whereas the anti-diabetic properties of extracts of these plants have been reported in animal models, little is known about the effects of their aqueous decoctions (singly or in combinations) on oral glucose tolerance (OGT) in humans.

Materials and methods

Twenty seven subjects were recruited and (on separate days) were given 150 mL of water, VA, GL and OG decoctions or blends of the decoctions to drink 45 min before a 2-h OGTT. Their OGTT curves were plotted and areas under the curves (AUCs) calculated.

Results

The results show that each of the three decoctions neither altered the peak time of the OGTT nor significantly (P>0.05) reduced the BG concentrations (BGCs) at any time point on the test curves relative to the baseline. VA, OG and GL gave 0.4, 0.2 and 2.8% reductions in the AUCs, respectively, relative to the baseline. Blending GL and VA did not improve the results. However, a decoction containing the three vegetables in equal proportions significantly reduced the BGCs at 90 (96.8±9.5 vs. 107.1±10.2 mg/dL; P=0.041) and 120 (92.8±14.3 vs. 102.5±12.1 mg/dL; P=0.037) minutes relative to the baseline, and gave better reductions in the AUCs (4.1%).

Conclusion

The decoction containing the three vegetables was found to be superior in activity to any 1, or blends of only 2, of the 3 decoctions. This is a case of positive synergism, and justifies the use of these plants in ethnopharmacological BG lowering recipes.     

胆木枝叶的化学成分研究

目的研究茜草科乌檀属植物胆木Nauclea officinalis枝叶中的化学成分。方法综合运用硅胶柱色谱、反相硅胶柱色谱和Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱以及制备型高效液相等色谱方法进行系统分离,根据化合物的理化性质及其波谱数据确定化合物的结构。结果从胆木85%乙醇提取物中分离得到了18个化合物,分别鉴定为二氢猕猴桃内酯(1)、黑燕麦内酯(2)、3,4,5-三甲氧基苯酚(3)、4-羟基-3,5-二甲氧基苯甲醛(4)、2,4-二羟基-3,6-二甲基苯甲酸甲酯(5)、对甲氧基桂皮酸(6)、咖啡酸甲酯(7)、咖啡酸乙酯(8)、异阿魏酸甲酯(9)、阿魏酸乙酯(10)、断氧化马钱子苷(11)、裂环马钱苷(12)、3-醛基吲哚(13)、1,2,3,4-tetrahydronorharman-1-one(14)、vinmajine I(15)、19-O-methyl-3,14-dihydroangustoline(16)、乌檀碱(17)和异长春花苷内酰胺(18)。其中化合物1、2为倍半萜类化合物,3~10为酚酸类化合物,11、12为环烯醚萜类化合物,化合物13~18为生物碱类化合物。结论化合物1~15为首次从茜草科乌檀属植物中分离得到。     

大八角枝叶中1个新的seco-prezizaane型倍半萜化合物

目的研究大八角Illicius majus枝叶的化学成分。方法采用硅胶、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱、快速制备色谱和制备HPLC等技术进行分离和纯化,通过HR-ESI-MS、1D-NMR、2D-NMR等波谱数据鉴定化合物的结构。通过MTT法评价了化合物的细胞毒活性。结果从大八角枝叶提取物中分离得到1个seco-prezizaane型倍半萜,命名为大八角酮(1)。化合物1对人结肠癌细胞HCT-8、人肝癌细胞Bel-7402、人胃癌细胞BGC-823以及人肺癌细胞A549的IC50值分别为42.3、48.5、51.1和39.9μmol/L。结论化合物1为1个新的倍半萜类化合物,未表现出明显的细胞毒活性。     

苦瓜茎叶的化学成分研究

目的 研究苦瓜茎叶的化学成分,为进一步开发利用苦瓜茎叶提供依据。方法 采用反复硅胶柱色谱、反相ODS柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20等柱色谱进行分离纯化,通过波谱数据鉴定化合物结构。结果 分离得到1种倍半萜和2种葫芦烷三萜,分别鉴定为催吐萝芙叶醇（1）、kuguacin J（2）、3,23(R)-二羟基-7-乙氧基-19-醛基-5,24-二烯醇（3）。结论 化合物1为首次从该植物中分离得到,化合物3为新化合物,命名为7-乙基苦瓜素Ⅰ。