自体肌肉移植重建人工肛门括约肌

背景：有效的人工肛门括约肌重建能够改善肛门失禁患者的生存能力和生活质量。 目的：评价自体肌肉移植重建人工肛门括约肌的效果。 方法：分析自体臀大肌和股薄肌移植重建人工肛门括约肌的解剖学基础,并对应用自体臀大肌和股薄肌移植重建人工肛门括约肌的患者进行随访观察,通过评估人工肛门控便功能恢复情况以及相关并发症发生情况,明确自体臀大肌和股薄肌移植重建人工肛门括约肌的应用效果。 结果与结论：臀大肌和股薄肌均有丰富的血液供应,并且营养肌肉的动脉均有相应静脉和神经伴行。对应用自体臀大肌和股薄肌移植重建人工肛门括约肌的患者随访观察发现,患者多为直肠癌或者肛管癌,经过自体肌肉移植重建人工肛门括约肌后,均能获得较好的肛门排控便功能,较少发生肛门狭窄、肛周感染等并发症,无机体排斥反应的发生。     

Multi-level basis selection of wavelet packet decomposition tree for heart sound classification

Wavelet packet transform decomposes a signal into a set of orthonormal bases (nodes) and provides opportunities to select an appropriate set of these bases for feature extraction. In this paper, multi-level basis selection (MLBS) is proposed to preserve the most informative bases of a wavelet packet decomposition tree through removing less informative bases by applying three exclusion criteria: frequency range, noise frequency, and energy threshold. MLBS achieved an accuracy of 97.56% for classifying normal heart sound, aortic stenosis, mitral regurgitation, and aortic regurgitation. MLBS is a promising basis selection to be suggested for signals with a small range of frequencies.     

Characterisation of elastin and collagen in aortic bioprostheses

Porcine aortic valves used as cardiac valve bioprostheses are well adapted to physiological functions in the short term, but they lack long-term durability. Several multi-step extractions have been performed to obtain a perfectly acellular matrix. A new physical methodology is proposed to evaluate the resulting fibrous protein damage after biochemical extraction (TRI-COL and SDS). Thermal analysis techniques are adapted to collagen and elastin characterisation in the solid state. The aortic tissue thermal transitions are determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC): elastin glass transition is observed around 200°C, and collagen denaturation is observed around 230°C. These parameters are characteristic of the elastin network arrangement and of collagen triple-helix stability. The technique of thermostimulated currents (TSC) is well suited to specify the chain dynamics of proteins. The lowtemperature relaxations observed in both collagen and elastin are associated with localised motions, whereas the high-temperature modes are attributed to more delocalised motions of the chains. Therefore TSC and DSC spectrometries allow physical parameters specific to collagen and elastin to be obtained and their interaction in aortic tissues to be determined. According to the significant evolution of these parameters on SDS samples, the destabilising effect of this detergent is highlighted.     

Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement versus Sutureless Aortic Valve Replacement: A Single Center Retrospective Cohort Study

PurposeThis study sought to compare clinical outcomes between transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) and sutureless aortic valve replacement (SU-AVR).Materials and MethodsIn total, 320 patients with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis who underwent TAVR (n=254) or SU-AVR (n=66) at Severance Cardiovascular Hospital between July 2011 and September 2019 were included for analysis. Propensity score matching and inverse probability weighted adjustment were performed to adjust for confounding baseline characteristics. Outcomes defined by the Valve Academic Research Consortium-2 in 62 patients pairs were compared.ResultsDevice success (79.0% vs. 79.0%, p>0.999) and 30-day mortality (4.8% vs. 0.0%, p=0.244) did not differ between the TAVR and SU-AVR groups. The TAVR group developed more frequent mild or moderate paravalvular leakage (59.7% vs. 8.1%, p<0.001), whereas SU-AVR was associated with higher rates of major or life-threatening bleeding (9.7% vs. 22.6%, p=0.040), acute kidney injury (8.1% vs. 21.0%, p=0.041), and new-onset atrial fibrillation (4.8% vs. 32.3%. p<0.001) at 30 days, along with longer stays in the intensive care unit (ICU) (1.9±1.6 days vs. 5.9±9.2 days, p=0.009) and hospital (7.1±7.9 days vs. 13.1±8.8 days, p<0.001). The TAVR group showed a trend towards a higher 1-year all-cause mortality, compared with the SU-AVR group (7.0% vs 1.7%, p=0.149). Cardiovascular mortality, however, did not differ significantly (1.6% vs 1.7%, p=0.960).ConclusionTAVR achieved a similar 1-year survival rate free from cardiovascular mortality as SU-AVR and was associated with a lower incidence of complications, except for paravalvular leakage, and shorter stays in the ICU and hospital.     

双腔主动脉内气囊反搏的血流动力学影响的研究

我们的实验结果表明双腔主动脉内气囊（ＤＩＡＢ）反搏的效果要优于单腔主动脉内气囊（ＳＩＡＢ）反搏的。它明显地改善血流动力学参数,进而提高了反搏的功效。也未发现双腔主动脉内气囊进行反搏会对肾脏的血流动力这参数产生不良影响。在对比肾动脉去神经前后主动脉内气囊反搏的结果,发现反搏时产生的脉动会对血管神经系统产生刺激,从而降低肾血管局部的阻力。这是当气囊进行反搏时,使肾脏血液循环得以改善的最重要因素。     

Histopathological characterization of aortic intimal sarcoma with multiple tumor emboli

A case of aortic intimal sarcoma with multiple tumor emboli and distal metastasis is reported. All metastasis (adrenal, spleen) were via the arteries. This case also had independent lung cancer. Macroscopically, the aortic tumor did not form a bulged mass, but had linear ulceration with abundant mural thrombi. Poorly cohesive large atypical cells were seen in the intima of the abdominal aorta without invasion into the media. Tumor cells were disseminated into the mural thrombi on the aorta and embolized its branches. In the metastatic tumor or tumor emboli of the distal artery, there were not only large atypical cells, but also the foci of spindle-shaped cells or epithelioid differentiation. Tumor cells in the aorta were immunohistochemically positive for only vimentin. Muscle-specific actin was positive focally for spindle-shaped cells of tumor emboli and metastatic tumors. Furthermore, cytokeratin-positive cells were scatteredly seen. All tumor cells were negative for factor VIII and did not have a histologic or phenotypic analogy with lung cancer. The primary intimal sarcoma in the present case was of undifferentiated non-endothelial intimal stromal cell origin, and may have had multipotential for differentiation. Investigation of the metastatic site was useful for recognizing the features of this tumor.     

Detection of type II endoleaks in abdominal aortic aneurysms after endovascular repair

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a condition where the weakening of the aortic wall leads to its widening and the generation of a thrombus. To prevent a possible rupture of the aortic wall, AAA can be treated non-invasively by means of the endovascular aneurysm repair technique (EVAR), consisting of placing a stent-graft inside the aorta by a cateter to exclude the aneurysm sac from the blood circulation. A major complication is the presence of liquid blood turbulences, called endoleaks, in the thrombus formed in the space between the aortic wall and the stent-graft. In this paper we propose an automatic method for the detection of type II endoleaks in computer tomography angiography (CTA) images. The lumen and thrombus in the aneurysm area are first segmented using a radial model approach. Then, these regions are split into Thrombus Connected Components (TCCs) using a watershed-based segmentation and geometric and image content-based characteristics are obtained for each TCC. Finally, TCCs are classified into endoleaks and non-endoleaks using a multilayer Perceptron (MLP) trained on manual labeled sample TCCs provided by experts.     

手术逆转压力负荷性左心室肥厚的实验研究

目的:探讨外科手术逆转压力负荷性左心室肥厚的有效性.方法:75只SD大鼠随机分为正常组(n=15)和肥厚组(n=60),后者行腹主动脉缩窄术造成左心室肥厚;肥厚组存活大鼠再随机分为实验组(n=26)和对照组(n=20),实验组大鼠再次手术解除腹主动脉的缩窄,术后每周取血液标本检测血管紧张素Ⅱ(angiotensinⅡ,...     

超声评价胃镜下幽门括约肌切开术治疗先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄术后并发呕吐的价值

目的 探讨超声评价胃镜下幽门括约肌切开术治疗先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄(CHPS)术后并发症呕吐的价值.方法 回顾性分析2006年1月至2009年11月本院胃镜下行幽门括约肌切开术治疗的30例CHPS患儿术后是否出现呕吐咖啡色内容物的并发症及治疗情况和超声检查资料包括幽门管长度和形态结构特征、黏膜层(含黏膜下层)及肌层的厚度、幽门管随胃蠕动波到达时的开放情况.结果 30例中4例患儿术后未出现呕吐并发症(A组);26例术后出现呕吐并发症,其中17例经常规保守治疗后明显好转或消失(B组),9例术后经保守治疗后无效,需再次手术(C组).B、C组共有16例术后呕吐咖啡色内容物,经常规保守治疗后消失.A、B、C 3组患儿超声检测术前后黏膜层厚度差异均无统计学意义;A、C组幽门管长径、B、C组幽门肌厚度术后1周与术前相比差异无统计学意义;A组幽门肌厚度与B组幽门管长径术后1周较术前有所减小[A组:(9.03+2.67)mm比(8.38±2.59)mm,B组:(18.70±3.90)mm比(16.66±3.00)mm,均P＜0.05].A组患儿幽门管开放良好;B组患儿幽门管腔始终未显示明显开放,仅少量液体由黏膜间隙通过;C组患儿幽门排空延迟,偶见缝隙样微开.B、C组16例呕吐咖啡色内容物的患儿中超声仅显示2例幽门管切开部位的黏膜有凹槽,10例无呕吐咖啡色内容物的患儿中也有2例显示切开部位黏膜层有小凹槽.结论 超声可明确CHPS术后呕吐的不同病因并指导进一步治疗,但不能诊断呕吐咖啡色内容物的原因.     

特殊形态气道支架的个体化设计和临床应用

目的 探讨特殊形态气道支架的个体化设计及治疗气道狭窄和瘘的可行性及临床疗效.方法 20例气道狭窄或气道瘘患者,其中男性13例,女性7例;年龄37～78岁.平均年龄65.3岁.根据患者不同病变特点和影像学测量,设计个体化特殊形态气道支架.在X射线监视下,置入特殊形态气道支架20枚(L型8枚,倒Y型12枚).结果 1例倒Y...