食管癌、贲门癌切除术后食管胃器械吻合术213例临床观察

目的：探讨器械吻合器在治疗食管癌、贲门癌中的临床价值。方法：通过回顾分析，将213例食管癌、贲门癌切除术行器械吻合器吻合作为观察组，将同期208例食管癌、贲门癌切除术行传统手工吻合作为对照组，并将两组进行比较分析，观察两组术后吻合口瘘、吻合口狭窄及吻合口出血的发生率。结果：观察组中无吻合口瘘发生，发生率0．00％，对照组中有8例并发吻合口瘘，发生率3．85％，两组比较有统计学差异（P＜0．05）；观察组中仅有1例并发吻合口狭窄，发生率0．47％，对照组中有11例并发吻合口狭窄，发生率5．29％，两组比较有统计学差异（P＜0．01）；观察组中有1例并发吻合口出血，发生率0．47％，对照组2例吻合口出血，发生率0．96％，两组比较无统计学差异（P＞0．05）。结论：食管癌、贲门癌切除术应用器械吻合器进行食管胃听合术后吻合口瘘和吻合口狭窄的发生率低，吻合效果满意，临床应用价值乐观。     

高血压与正常血压病人脑动脉硬化和腔隙性脑梗死的影像比较分析

目的：探讨高血压与正常血压病人脑动脉发生粥样硬化狭窄和腔隙性脑梗死的磁共振影像差别。方法：使用0．3T永磁开放式磁共振成像系统,对2000例缺血性脑病的患者进行脑的T2 WI、T1 WI、FIR DE序列横断面和脑MRA检查。结果：高血压与正常血压病人脑动脉发生粥样硬化狭窄的程度和腔隙性脑梗死的数量有明显差别。结论：高血压病人脑动脉粥样硬化的程度比正常血压病人的程度较轻,而腔隙性脑梗死的程度较重。     

主动脉疾病中血管平滑肌细胞表型转化调控机制研究进展

主动脉疾病(aortic disease,AD)指由于主动脉壁病变所致的一类疾病,往往高度致命.目前非遗传性AD的发病机制尚未完全阐明.血管平滑肌细胞(vascular smooth muscle cells,VSMC)是主动脉壁中层的主要细胞成分,通常认为其存在收缩型与合成型两种表型,且可相互转化.VSMC由收缩型向合成型的过度转化在AD的发生发展过程起重要作用.尽管关于VSMC表型转化研究较多,但众多调控机制如何协调运作以及相互之间的关系仍然有待阐明.本文就目前已知的VSMC表型转化调控机制作一综述.     

X线、MSCT和MRI对主动脉夹层的临床运用对比研究

目的对比分析X线、MSCT及MRI在主动脉夹层（AD）中影像学特征,并评价其临床运用价值。方法 30例经手术或行DSA造影证实的AD患者,对其X线、MSCT及MRI检查影像资料进行分析,总结归纳其影像特点。结果 X线仅见AD的间接征象,而MSCT和MRI均能不同程度地显示真假两腔、内膜破口、内膜片及附壁血栓。结论 X线对AD只能提示诊断,而MSCT和MRI可作特异性诊断,并且MRI在显示AD的破口位置、无钙化的内膜片及附壁血栓时均优于MSCT,但对内膜及主动脉壁钙化和急危重者的检查MSCT优于MRI。     

Total arch replacement using frozen elephant trunk technique with Frozenix for distal aortic arch aneurysms

Open in a separate window OBJECTIVESTotal arch replacement (TAR) using an endovascular approach has been initially introduced as the frozen elephant trunk technique (FET). In our institute, TAR using the FET with Frozenix has been used as the first-line treatment for distal aortic arch aneurysms since 2014. This study aimed to evaluate the early and long-term outcomes and demonstrate the efficacy of this procedure.METHODSBetween 2014 and 2021, 121 consecutive patients were treated with TAR using the FET with Frozenix for distal aortic arch aneurysms. Early and long-term outcomes were retrospectively analysed.RESULTSThe 30-day mortality rate was 2.5% (3/121). Of postoperative complications, paraplegia due to spinal cord injury occurred in 2 (1.7%) patients, stroke in 12 (9.9%) and acute renal failure in 10 (8.3%). At follow-up, 23 secondary aortic interventions were required and 8 (6.6%) patients underwent intended secondary thoracic endovascular aortic repair for residual descending aortic aneurysm. Late and aortic-related deaths occurred in 16 (13.2%) and 4 (3.3%) patients, respectively. The overall long-term survival rates at 1, 3 and 5 years were 87.6%, 83.1% and 65.4%, respectively, while the rates of freedom from aortic-related death at 1, 3 and 5 years were 95.7%, 95.7% and 84.8%, respectively.CONCLUSIONSTAR using the FET with Frozenix for distal aortic arch aneurysms has acceptable early mortality and morbidity. Spinal cord injury and paraplegia occur less frequently than previously reported. The technique has satisfactory long-term survival and freedom from aortic-related death.     

Prior intake of new oral anticoagulants adversely affects outcome following surgery for acute type A aortic dissection

Open in a separate window OBJECTIVESOral anticoagulation prior to emergency surgery is associated with an increased risk of perioperative bleeding, especially when this therapy cannot be discontinued or reversed in time. The goal of this study was to analyse the impact of different oral anticoagulants on the outcome of patients who underwent emergency surgery for acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD).METHODSThis was a single-centre retrospective study of patients treated with oral anticoagulation at the time of surgery for ATAAD. Outcomes of patients on new oral anticoagulant (NOAC) therapy were compared to respective outcomes of patients on Coumadin. Additionally, a survival analysis was performed comparing these 2 groups with patients who were operated on with no prior anticoagulation.RESULTSBetween January 2013 and April 2020, a total of 437 patients (63.8 ± 11.8 years, 68.4% male) received emergency surgery for ATAAD; 35 (8%) were taking oral anticoagulation at the time of hospital admission: 20 received phenprocoumon; 14, rivaroxaban; and 1, dabigatran. Compared to Coumadin, NOAC was associated with a greater need for blood-product transfusions and haemodynamic compromise. Operative mortality was 53% in the NOAC group and 30% in the Coumadin group. A 5-year survival analysis showed no significant difference between the NOAC and the Coumadin group (P = 0.059). Compared to 402 patients treated during the study period without anticoagulation, patients taking NOAC had significantly worse survival (P = 0.001), whereas that effect was not observed in patients undergoing surgery who were taking Coumadin (P = 0.99).CONCLUSIONSEmergency surgery for ATAAD in patients taking NOAC is associated with high morbidity and mortality. NOAC are a major risk factor for uncontrollable bleeding and haemodynamic compromise. New treatment strategies must be defined to improve surgical outcomes in these high-risk patients.     

Single-stage repair for ascending aortic aneurysm,artery stenosis and occlusion of neck vessels caused by Takayasu arteritis

Takayasu arteritis results in a variety of vascular symptoms, and there are some cases in which progressive vascular lesions require surgical intervention. We present a case with ascending aortic aneurysm, right common carotid artery stenosis, left common carotid artery occlusion and left subclavian artery stenosis caused by Takayasu arteritis that was successfully treated with total arch replacement and ascending aorta to right internal carotid artery bypass.     

主动脉瓣膜重度狭窄行经导管主动脉瓣膜置入术的围手术期管理

目的探索主动脉瓣膜重度狭窄行经导管主动脉瓣膜置入治疗患者的围手术期管理.方法选择1例主动脉瓣膜重度狭窄行经导管主动脉瓣膜置入治疗的患者,组成多学科协作手术团队,术前充分评估,术中严密监测,术后安全监护(CCU)及康复,定期随访.结果本例手术成功,无处置及护理不当并发症;随访12个月,患者活动后胸闷症状明显缓解,活动耐力逐步提升,生存质量提高.结论利用团队优势,做好围手术期管理,可以顺利完成手术,促进患者康复.     

基于虚拟移植物的计算机辅助血管腔内治疗研究

目的 对腹主动脉瘤的CT影像进行术前评估,以预测血管腔内治疗术中移植物的长度。方法 从CT影像中提取腹主动脉瘤的轮廓,根据移植物的空间连续性和瘤体对移植物的约束,在动脉瘤内构建虚拟移植物,并计算出虚拟移植物的长度,作为对真实移植物的预测值。设计腹主动脉瘤的实体模型检验该评估方法的精确度并进行临床试用。结果 对模型评估的误差绝对值为(4.05±0.51)mm,相对误差小于2％。临床试用1例,长度误差的绝对值为4.2 mm,相对误差小于2.5％。符合临床对术前评估精度的要求。结论 该方法提供了对治疗腹主动脉瘤所需移植物长度的有效术前评估。