颅内假性动脉瘤的手术治疗

目的探讨颅内假性动脉瘤的诊断和手术方法。方法回顾性分析16例手术治疗的颅内假性动脉瘤病人的临床及影像学特点．其中创伤性9例，感染性7例。结果出院时临床状况优良11例，轻残3例，死亡2例（其中1例为创伤性，术后发生脑梗死）。对12例行3个月。5年门诊随访，均未发生再出血。结论颅内假性动脉瘤是颅内动脉瘤中特殊且较复杂的类型，其诊断和处理策略与一般动脉瘤不同。提高对颅内假性动脉瘤的认识，以及有效应用神经外科技术，可以降低假性动脉瘤的手术风险，改善预后。     

Use of an aortic connector system for vein grafting

OBJECTIVE: The aortic connector system was used to minimize cerebrovascular complications when performing the proximal anastomosis of vein grafts during coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). The goal of this study was to investigate the intermediate outcomes of patients undergoing CABG with the aortic connector system. METHODS: The aortic connector was used on nine patients undergoing CABG between November 2002 and July 2003. Intermediate outcomes of the patients were examined, and the results of coronary angiography, which were performed before patient discharge and at least 6 months after discharge, were evaluated. RESULTS: There were no operative deaths or cerebrovascular accidents. One patient died 9 months after discharge, one patient had angina, and the remaining seven patients were asymptomatic. When evaluating the results of angiography performed before patient discharge, two of the 21 distal vein graft anastomoses were occluded (patency rate, 90.5%), but there was no stenosis or occlusion at the proximal anastomoses sites that were performed using the aortic connector. When evaluating the results of the second angiography performed after patient discharge, four of the eight proximal anastomoses were patent, one was completely occluded, two had 90% stenosis and one had 75% stenosis. Further, four of the 18 distal anastomoses were occluded (patency rate, 77.8%). There was no significant difference in graft flow or device size when comparing patients with patent vein grafts and those with stenotic or occluded vein grafts. CONCLUSION: Intermediate outcomes of vein grafting using the aortic connector were suboptimal. Long-term outcome data are forthcoming.     

三维CT脑血管造影在脑动脉瘤诊断中注意点

目的探讨三维CT脑血管造影(3D-CTA)在诊断脑动脉瘤时的注意事项。方法回顾总结3D-CTA检查的106例蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)病例,其中14例初次3D-CTA显示动脉瘤不清或发现颅内非动脉瘤样血管异常者,对其进行DSA脑血管造影检查。结果初次3D-CTA检查正确诊断脑动脉瘤92例,其中16例为多发脑动脉瘤,共检出115个。余14例因诊断不明确进而实施DSA脑血管造影检查,其中确诊动脉瘤合并烟雾病2例、严重脑血管痉挛致动脉瘤显示不清2例、脑动静脉畸形1例(此5例与3D-CTA所见一致);在3D-CTA扫查范围外发现脑动脉瘤2例。对上述阳性诊断的99例进行手术,并得到证实。另7例在3D-CTA和DSA检查未发现引起SAH的原因病灶,给予保守治疗。结论在脑动脉瘤诊断中,3D-CTA具有较好的精确性。在判断动脉瘤与颅骨位置关系、操作的便捷性和经济性等方面明显优于DSA。在应用3D-CTA对脑动脉瘤进行诊断时,有必要根据患者和设备的具体情况进行个性化设计,方能减少漏诊、误诊。     

Giant intracranial aneurysm of the anterior communicating artery treated by direct surgery using A3–A3 side-to-side anastomosis and A3-RA graft-STA anastomosis

Summary We describe a giant aneurysm of the anterior communicating artery (ACoA) which was treated with a STA-RA graft-A3 bonnet bypass and A3–A3 side-to-side anastomosis. A giant and partially thrombosed ACoA aneurysm was partially coated 3 years before his current presentation, its gradual increase producing visual field disturbances. An A3–A3 side-to-side anastomosis and STA-RA graft-A3 bonnet bypass were performed. The aneurysm was dissected, and the thrombus removed under transient parent-artery occlusion. The aneurysmal neck was successfully clipped without encountering ischemic changes. This strategy may be useful for treating giant or thrombosed aneurysms in the region of the ACoA.     

TCD观察动脉瘤性SAH后脑血管痉挛的血流动力学改变

目的探讨动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)后脑血管痉挛的血流动力学改变。方法经CT、DSA证实为动脉瘤性SAH患者179例,床旁经颅超声多谱勒(TCD)在术前、术后1~3d、5~7d、9~11d、12~14d记录并分析大脑中动脉(M CA)的血流参数及频谱改变。结果M CA平均血流速度(Vm)于SAH后1~3d开始升高,5~7d、9~11d达到高峰;L I(血管痉挛指数)为3~6时预后良好;>6时可以出现神经系统功能损害,颅内压增高且有脑血管痉挛(CV S)者预后较差。结论TCD能无创、实时评价SAH后CV S的动态变化,可以推断SAH后CV S的严重程度及临床转归。     

Concomitant mitral valve repair and left ventricular reconstruction in a patient with chronic ischemic mitral regurgitation and inferior left ventricular aneurysm

The surgical approach to ischemic mitral regurgitation with concomitant inferior left ventricular aneurysm remains uncertain in terms of the indication for operation and the short-and long-term outcomes. We performed concomitant mitral valve repair, left ventricular reconstruction, and aortic valve replacement on a 71-year-old male with severe ischemic mitral regurgitation, inferior left ventricular aneurysm, and degenerative aortic regurgitation. Postoperative status was in New York Heart Association functional class I without mitral regurgitation 8 months after operation. We discuss, and review the procedures reported in the literature.     

彩色多普勒超声心动图与核磁共振诊断主动脉夹层动脉瘤的对比研究

目的　通过彩色多普勒超声心动图 (CDUCG)和核磁共振成像 (MRI)诊断主动脉夹层动脉瘤 (AD)的影像学特征 ,比较两种无创检查技术诊断AD的临床价值。方法　对临床疑诊AD的患者行CDUCG心脏各切面探查 ,重点扫查并测量主动脉各节段异常超声征象 (夹层发生部位、内膜片跨度、管径宽度等 ) ,对相同患者行MRI检查时在扫描图像上辨认并确定夹层发生的部位、撕裂范围等。结果　CDUCG诊断Ⅰ型AD 4例 ,Ⅱ型 2例 ,Ⅲ型AD 1例。MRI对Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型AD均可明确诊断。本文 3例Ⅲ型AD经MRI确诊并检出附壁血栓 2例 ,1例Ⅰ型AD可疑 ,余结果同CDUCG。结论　两种技术诊断AD各有优缺点 ,CDUCG偏重于诊断Ⅰ、Ⅱ型 ,MRI适合各型AD的诊断。前者更为迅速、直观 ,重复性强 ,可了解心血管病变的全部信息 ;危急重症患者不宜或难以接受MRI检查。     

颅内多发动脉瘤18例临床分析

目的 探讨颅内多发动脉瘤的临床特点及诊治要点。方法 采用回顾性分析对18例共39个颅内多发动脉瘤临床资料进行分析。结果 女性13例，男5例，以1cm左右直径多见，全部经开颅手术治疗，疗效优良率83％(15／18)。结论 ①本组颅内多发动脉瘤多发于女性；②中等大小动脉瘤较常见，主要发生在前循环；③手术治疗效果较理想；④微型动脉瘤极易漏诊；⑤手术应先处理出血侧或易出血侧动脉瘤，并注意手术技巧及要点。     

3D-CTA在颅内动脉瘤诊治中的应用

目的探讨3D-CTA在颅内动脉瘤诊断和治疗中的应用价值。方法采用3D-CTA检查疑似颅内动脉瘤病人52例,根据造影结果决定直接手术或进一步行3D-DSA检查。术后均复查3D-CTA。结果共发现58个动脉瘤,6例查3D-CTA及3D-DSA均未发现动脉瘤。3D-CTA对颅内动脉瘤诊断的敏感度、特异度、阴性似然比分别是94.8%、100%、0.052。诊断颅内动脉瘤病人的敏感度、特异度、阴性似然比分别是97.8%、100%、0.022。术前3D-CTA在估计动脉瘤大小及形态方面与术中所见 3D-CTA结果相似。3D-CTA清晰显示了动脉瘤的自身形态和周边的关系。结论3D-CTA是诊治颅内动脉瘤的一种快捷、安全、操作简便的方法,为制定手术方案提供了详细的资料,具有很高的临床实用价值。