Impact of an endovascular program on the operative experience of abdominal aortic aneurysm in vascular fellowship and general surgery residency

BACKGROUND: This study was performed to determine the impact of an endovascular program (EVP) on open and endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) operations in a residency training institution. METHODS: Over an 8-year period ending in September 2001, hospital records of all patients undergoing open or endovascular AAA repair were retrospectively reviewed. Data were analyzed to determine the changing patterns of case volume, type of operative repair, and complexity of open repair with regards to the training of both general surgical chief residents and vascular fellows. RESULTS: A total of 849 AAA operations were performed during the study period. The initiation of the EVP in 1997 resulted in a steady increase in the total annual AAA cases (P < 0.05), due in part to an increase in endovascular AAA operations despite a decrease in the annual open AAA volume. EVP had a positive impact on the overall operative experience of vascular fellows owing to the large increase in their endovascular AAA experience (annual mean pre-EVP 3 +/- 0.8 versus post-EVP 47 +/- 9.6, P < 0.01). A significant reduction occurred in the vascular fellows' open AAA experience (annual mean pre-EVP 40 +/- 12.7 versus post-EVP 19 +/- 9.4, P < 0.05). EVP did not affect the endovascular AAA experience of general surgery chief residents (annual mean pre-EVP 1 +/- 0.8 versus post-EVP 3 +/- 1.5, not significant). A significant reduction occurred in chief residents' open AAA experience (annual mean pre-EVP 39 +/- 9.7 versus post-EVP 18 +/- 7.4, P < 0.05). EVP did not affect the operative experience of complex open AAA operations in either vascular fellows or general surgery residents. CONCLUSIONS: An endovascular program has a positive impact on the aortic aneurysm practice in an academic institution, as evidenced by the significant increase in annual endovascular AAA cases despite a decrease in open AAA operations. Although vascular fellows continued to maintain sufficient experience in both open and endovascular AAA operations, general surgery chief residents suffered a significant decrease in their open AAA experience. Further evaluation of the residency system is warranted to better optimize the training paradigm of both vascular fellowship and general surgery residency.     

腹主动脉瘤中层平滑肌细胞的凋亡研究

目的探讨腹主动脉瘤 (abdominalaorticaneurysm ,AAA)中层平滑肌细胞 (smoothmus clecells ,SMC)的凋亡与其数量减少的关系。方法采用原位DNA末端标记 (TUNEL)技术探察AAA(2 5例 )和正常腹主动脉 (10例 )组织中细胞凋亡的情况 ,并联合抗 CD3、抗 CD2 0、抗 CD6 8及抗α actin的免疫组化染色对凋亡的阳性染色进行复染 ,以确定其细胞类型 ;同时通过抗α actin免疫组化染色对AAA镜下SMC进行记数和观察。结果AAA中层SMC[(38± 8)SMC/HPF]较正常腹主动脉 [(179± 16 )SMC/HPF]减少 79 1% ,P <0 0 1。正常腹主动脉TUNEL阳性细胞约为 1 0 % ,AAA组织中则为 8 6 % ,P <0 0 1。免疫组化染色显示这些细胞多为SMC。结论AAA中层SMC的凋亡是SMC数量减少的重要原因。     

《TAVR围术期超声心动图检查专家共识》解读

经导管主动脉瓣置入术（TAVR）已成为有临床症状,但不能耐受外科手术治疗（SAVR）的重度主动脉瓣狭窄患者的替代治疗方案。针对即将在国内广泛开展的这项技术,国内心血管超声专家起草了《TAVR围术期超声心动图检查专家共识》,详细介绍了TAVR人工瓣膜及路径,TAVR术的主要适应证,TAVR术前超声评估,TAVR术中超声监测引导及术后即刻评估。为了让超声心动图及心血管临床医师更好地了解专家共识,本文对专家共识的要点进行了梳理与解读。     

老年人颅内动脉瘤破裂风险因素分析

目的 探讨与老年人(≥60岁)颅内动脉瘤破裂相关的临床及动脉瘤特征的风险因素.方法 回顾性分析2009年1月至2013年1月连续收治的320例≥60岁的颅内动脉瘤患者的临床资料和影像学资料,根据动脉瘤是否破裂分为破裂组和未破裂组,并对两组患者的性别、年龄、血压、吸烟、饮酒、多发动脉瘤、动脉瘤部位、动脉瘤瘤体大小进行单因素和logistic回归多因素分析.结果 单因素分析结果显示,老年人颅内动脉瘤破裂风险与年龄、高血压及动脉瘤瘤体直径相关(P＜0.05),与性别、吸烟、多发动脉瘤、动脉瘤部位不相关(P＞0.05).logistic回归多因素分析结果仍显示老年人颅内动脉瘤破裂风险与年龄、高血压及动脉瘤大小相关(P＜0.05),与性别、吸烟、多发动脉瘤、动脉瘤部位不相关(P＞ 0.05).结论 老年人颅内动脉瘤破裂风险随着年龄的增加而增加,并且与高血压及动脉瘤大小相关.     

急性主动脉夹层患者血清儿茶酚胺质量浓度与氧合指数的 相关性研究

目的 探索急性主动脉夹层（acute aortic dissection,AAD）患者是否存在血清儿茶酚胺质量浓度的升高,以及患者血清儿茶酚胺质量浓度与氧合指数（oxygenation index,OI）的关系。HTH]方法 2013年4~12月期间,纳入3组患者（A组38例AAD患者、B组28例升主动脉瘤患者、C组22例心绞痛患者）为研究对象,收集所有患者一般临床资料,测定OI并采集血液标本测定肾上腺素（adrenaline,AD）、去甲肾上腺素（noradrenaline,NA）、内毒素（endotoxin,ET）的血清质量浓度。通过对3组患者上述指标的对比分析,观察AAD患者血清儿茶酚胺质量浓度是否升高;采用直线相关分析AAD患者血清儿茶酚胺质量浓度与ET质量浓度以及OI的关系。HTH]结果 3组患者一般临床资料差异无统计学意义。A组患者血清AD、NA、ET质量浓度均高于B组和C组（ P<0.001),OI低于B组和C组（ P<0.001)。采用直线相关分析发现AAD患者血清AD及NA质量浓度均与ET质量浓度存在正相关性,而与OI呈负相关性。结论 血清儿茶酚胺浓度的升高可能与AAD患者急性肺损伤有关。     

术前经胸超声心动图诊断主动脉右冠状动脉窦瘤破裂经室间隔 缺损突入右室流出道与术中对照

目的：探讨术前主动脉右冠状动脉窦瘤破裂经室间隔缺损突入右室流出道的经胸超声心动图诊断和鉴别 诊断。方法：回顾2010年2月至2016年9月在湘雅二医院及湘雅医学院附属海口医院术前经胸超声心动图诊断主动脉 右冠状动脉窦瘤破裂经室间隔缺损突入右室流出道的患者19例,对照分析患者临床症状、超声心动图和术中病变发 现。结果：术中病变发现16例符合术前超声心动图诊断,其中11例胸骨左缘2~3肋听诊可闻及连续性机器样杂音,伴 有收缩期震颤,彩色多普勒显像右心室侧探及收缩期为主的连续性血流频谱,术前超声心动图及术中病变证实室间 隔缺损位置大小及右窦瘤破裂经室间隔缺损口突入右室流出道;其中3例还合并其他复杂心脏病。3例与术前诊断不 符合,听诊闻及杂音,不伴有震颤;术前超声心动图及术中病变发现右窦瘤破裂口大、冗长,其中1例合并主动脉瓣 狭窄并关闭不全、先天主动脉瓣二瓣化畸形,1例合并主动脉瓣中-重度反流,1例合并肺部感染,3例术中病变都未 发现室间隔缺损。结论：术前经胸超声心动图诊断右窦瘤破裂经室间隔缺损突入右室流出道是术前首选、快捷和无 创的检查方法,采用超声心动图各阶段观察程序与方法能较好地观察主动脉窦瘤破裂及室间隔缺损的位置、形态大 小、毗连关系和是否合并其他心脏疾病,通过超声多普勒显像能发现右窦瘤破裂经室间隔缺损突入右室流出道的血 流频谱特征。     

A rare anomaly of the anterior communicating artery complex hidden by a large broad-neck aneurysm and disclosed by three-dimensional rotational angiography

Double fenestration of the anterior communicating artery (ACoA) complex associated with an aneurysm is a very rare finding and is usually caused by ACoA duplication and the presence of a median artery of the corpus callosum (MACC). We present a patient in whom double fenestration was not associated with ACoA duplication or even with MACC, representing therefore, a previously unreported anatomic variation. A 43 year old woman experienced sudden headache and the CT scans showed subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). On admission, her clinical condition was consistent with Hunt and Hess grade II. Conventional digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was performed and revealed multiple intracranial aneurysms arising from both middle cerebral arteries (MCA) and from the ACoA. Three-dimensional rotational angiography (3D-RA) disclosed a double fenestration of the ACoA complex which was missed by DSA. The patient underwent a classic pterional approach in order to achieve occlusion of both left MCA and ACoA aneurysms by surgical clipping. The post-operative period was uneventful. A rare anatomical variation characterised by a double fenestration not associated with ACoA duplication or MACC is described. The DSA images missed the double fenestration which was disclosed by 3D-RA, indicating the importance of 3D-RA in the diagnosis and surgical planning of intracranial aneurysms.     

The effect of temporary aneurysm clip on the common carotid artery of atherosclerotic rabbits

BACKGROUND: We compared the effect of temporary aneurysm clips on atherosclerotic and nonatherosclerotic CCA of rabbits by morphometric and ultrastructural methods. METHODS: The rabbits (N = 12) were divided into 2 groups: the first group was fed a 2% cholesterol diet, and the second group, a normal diet for 4 weeks. Atherosclerotic lesions developed after 4 weeks. Temporary aneurysm clips were placed on the left CCA of both groups; the right CCA of both groups served as control. Thus, a total of 4 groups were used: atherosclerotic (A), atherosclerotic/clip (AC), nonatherosclerotic (NA), and nonatherosclerotic/clip (NAC). Temporary aneurysm clips were applied for 1, 5, and 10 minutes in the AC and NAC groups. No temporary clip was placed on the right CCA (A and NA groups). The affected parts of the CCA via clips were examined under light microscope and SEM. RESULTS: Comparison of atherosclerotic and nonatherosclerotic CCA of rabbits under light microscope indicated that the wall of atherosclerotic CCA was thicker than that of nonatherosclerotic CCA. The difference between the thickness of atherosclerotic and nonatherosclerotic CCAs was significant. SEM analyses showed that in nonatherosclerotic CCAs, the effect of temporary aneurysm clips was seen after 10 minutes, but in atherosclerotic CCAs, the effect was seen within the 1st minute of clipping and continued in the 5th and 10th minutes. CONCLUSION: The duration of temporary clipping should be decreased for the neurovascular surgery of atherosclerotic patients.     

种植人体活性细胞的生物心脏瓣膜

目前,种植人体活性细胞的生物心脏瓣膜主要有组织工程心脏瓣膜和种植人体活性细胞的猪主动脉瓣两种。组织工程心脏瓣膜是在人体可吸收的聚二醇酸纤维支架上种植人体同种活性细胞,先种植成纤维细胞,再种植单层内皮细胞包裹瓣叶。种植人体活性细胞的猪主动脉瓣是在清除原有细胞的组织内重建人体同种活性细胞。清除新鲜猪主动脉瓣呐原有细胞的方法是将瓣膜先经高、低渗溶液处理,然后用酶溶液处理。细胞经培养分离后,将成纤维细胞植入经处理的瓣膜组织,再植入内皮细胞。种植人体活性细胞的生物心脏瓣膜不会促使受者产生有害的免疫反应,并具有再生能力。