旁中心凹渗出性血管异常复合体

旁中心凹渗出性血管异常复合体(PEVAC)是指相干光断层扫描(OCT)成像显示在旁中心凹视网膜表层或深层毛细血管网出现的大而孤立的动脉瘤样病灶,被确定为一种独立的新疾病。患者多为中老年人,不伴有视网膜血管病变,但可合并近视或年龄相关性黄斑变性等。若合并视网膜血管性疾病如糖尿病视网膜病变、视网膜静脉阻塞时,被称为PEVAC样病变。疾病早期无渗出,后期可有视网膜内渗出引起视物变形或视力下降。一些病例长期随访病灶无变化或自发消散。可能需要与3型视网膜新生血管(RAP)和Ⅰ型MacTel鉴别。抗血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)疗法无效。有用微脉冲激光等治疗改善的个案。推测此病与视网膜微血管周细胞变性有关。     

Esophageal atresia: critical review of 10 years' experience

From January 1976 to October 1986, 107 cases of esophageal atresia (EA) were admitted to the Neonatal Surgical Unit of the Bambino Gesú Hospital of Rome; 86% of the children had a type III EA. Associated anomalies were present in 47%; they were multiple in 18%. Cardiological malformations were the most frequent followed by digestive, skeletal, urological, and chromosomal aberrations. Surgical treatment was attempted in all children except 3, who died before surgical correction, in an effort to perform an end-to-end anastomosis in a single layer through a transpleural approach. According to the results, children were divided into two groups of 50 patients each: group 1 (1976–1981); and group 2 (1981–1986). Anastomosis was possible in 69% of children (68.7% in group 1, 69.3% in group 2). After 1983, gastrostomy fell into gradual disrepute and a transanastomotic tube was used. Immediate complications were seen in 36.6% of cases; in no case did recurrence of the tracheoesophageal fistula occur. The overall mortality decreased from 50% (group 1) to 30% (group 2). In the two periods considered, the mortality according to Waterston's risk classes was 28.5% 5,8% (class A), 42.1% 11.7% (class B), 82.3% 68.7% (class C). Of a total of 41 deaths, 47% were due to severe associated malformations: bronchopneumopathy or prematurity seemed to have less importance in establishing the prognosis.Offprint requests to: P. Bagolan     

硫化氢对自发性高血压大鼠主动脉平滑肌细胞增生的影响

目的探讨硫化氢(H2S)对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)主动脉平滑肌细胞(ASMC)增生的影响。方法体外培养SHR ASMC,将其分成对照组、10-5、10-4和l0-3 mol/L NaHS组,检测经H2S处理后ASMC细胞的增生指数和丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)活性。结果与对照组相比,10-5、10-4和10-3 mol/L NaHS组增生指数显著降低(P<0.01),MAPK活性明显下降(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论 H2S可抑制SHR ASMC增生和MAPK活性,推测可能通过MAPK信号途径介导。     

BMP9诱导可逆永生化小鼠瓣膜间质细胞成骨能力研究

目的：建立具有快速增殖能力的可逆永生化主动脉瓣膜间质细胞系。方法：体视显微镜下利用弹簧剪夹取瓣膜组织,胶原酶消化后加入逆转录永生化病毒,利用免疫荧光鉴定细胞是否属于间质细胞,显微镜观察细胞形态,结晶紫、CCK-8和流式细胞周期技术检测细胞增殖能力,碱性磷酸酶染色和茜素红钙盐沉积实验检测细胞成骨能力,q-PCR及Western blot检测细胞成骨标志物。结果：经光镜观察和免疫荧光鉴定,成功取到瓣膜间质细胞。加入永生化病毒后,经光镜观察和免疫荧光确认瓣膜间质细胞未发生表型改变,且在永生化的细胞中能够检测到大量SV40T(P<0.001)。结晶紫染色、CCK-8(P<0.001)和流式细胞周期结果提示永生化后的瓣膜间质细胞增殖速度变快。加入成骨诱导因子骨形态发生蛋白-9(bone morphogenetic protein9,BMP9)后永生化瓣膜间质细胞表现出较好的成骨能力,多数成骨标志物在分子层面的RNA和蛋白水平明显升高。去永生化后瓣膜间质细胞形态无明显改变,q-PCR结果显示SV40T明显降低（P<0.001）,细胞增殖能力明显下降,且细胞周期被阻滞在G0/G1期...     

A surgical treatment for frank rupture of acute type a small intramural hematoma

A 71‐year‐old woman was admitted to the hospital due to cardiac tamponade. Computed tomography revealed that the diameter and wall thickness of the ascending aorta were 36 and 9 mm, respectively. An emergent ascending aortic replacement was performed uneventfully. The pathological findings indicated frank rupture of intramural hematoma.     

桑白皮丙酮提取物舒张血管作用机制研究

目的研究桑白皮丙酮提取物的舒张血管作用及作用机制.方法用去甲肾上腺素致豚鼠肠系膜微血管收缩,研究其整体的舒张血管作用;在添加或不添加优降糖或普萘洛尔,或去血管内皮情况下,观察其对离体大鼠胸主动脉环的作用;硝酸还原酶法测定给予药物后大鼠血浆和血管的NO以及血管NOS、cNOS、iNOS含量的变化.结果桑白皮丙酮提取物有抑制去甲肾上腺素收缩豚鼠肠系膜微血管的作用,抑制苯肾上腺素(10μmol/L)收缩离体大鼠胸主动脉环的作用,预加优降糖(1μmol/L)或普萘洛尔((3μmol/L)后仍然有松弛作用;大鼠胸主动脉环去内皮后药物无松弛作用,反而起收缩作用;显著升高血管的NO和NOS、cNOS的含量,对大鼠血浆的NO和血管iNOS的含量影响不大.结论桑白皮丙酮提取物的舒张血管作用机制可能与血管释放NO和促进cNOS、NOS合成有关.     

结节性黄瘤病并发主动脉瓣狭窄1例

报告1例并发主动脉瓣狭窄的结节性黄瘤病,患独男,12岁。全身多发黄色结节12年,皮肤组织病理示真皮浅层大量泡沫细胞。心脏彩色多普勒超声诊断为主动脉瓣狭窄。     

老年人外周和中心动脉压的差异与冠心病的关系

目的：比较老年人外周动脉压与中心动脉压的差异,探讨二者与冠心病的关系以及可能的机制。方法：收集2010年9月至2012年1月在北京航天总医院行诊断性冠状动脉造影的386例老年的临床资料,分为冠心病组（212例）和非冠心病组（174例）。比较两组患者外周肱动脉压与中心动脉压的差异。结果：肱动脉袖带收缩压（SBP）与肱动脉内压力波测量的SBP相近,两者的升降呈平行改变,具有显著相关性（P〈0．01）。两组患者的外周动脉压与中心动脉压比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;其中冠心病组患者的外周动脉压与中心动脉压差异更为显著。两组间各项指标比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：外周动脉压与中心动脉压间存在差异;冠心病患者外周动脉压明显低于中心动脉压;中心动脉硬化可能与外周SBP低于中心SBP有关。     

经股动脉与经心尖主动脉瓣置换术患者CT影像差异及分析

目的 探讨经股动脉主动脉瓣置换手术（TF-TAVR）和经心尖主动脉瓣置换手术（TA-TAVR）患者的CT影像学表现及差异。方法 选取我院经导管主动脉瓣置换手术（TAVR）共198例患者的临床资料,依据手术方式分成TFTAVR组100例和TA-TAVR组98例,术后经CT检查评定有无并发症发生,对比TF-TAVR组、TA-TAVR组患者的CT影像学参数和术后并发症出现情况。结果 两组（左冠状动脉,LM）至主动脉瓣环距离、窦直径、窦管交界直径、左心房大小及升主动脉钙化比例相比差异无统计学意义（P> 0.05）,TF-TAVR组的右冠状动脉（RCA）至主动脉瓣环距离及左心室大小均大于TA-TAVR组（P<0.05）。TF-TAVR组的瓣周漏出现比例为63.00%高于TA-TAVR组42.86%(P<0.05);TF-TAVR组的心包积液出现比例为18.00%高于TA-TAVR组7.14%(P<0.05);TF-TAVR组的肺膨胀不全出现比例为3.00%低于TA-TAVR组11.22%(P<0.05);TF-TAVR组的胸腔积液出现比例为43.00%和TA-TAV...