71例腹主动脉瘤的基线CT特征与病变进展的相关性

目的 评估与腹主动脉瘤(AAA)进展相关的基线CT特征,为AAA的临床治疗路径提供参考。方法 选取2012年1月至2021年12月至少行两次增强CT扫描的83例AAA患者的临床及影像资料进行分析,两次扫描间隔3个月以上。测量瘤体的直径、面积、长度、曲度、血栓面积等基线CT特征,并根据瘤体直径计算AAA的年进展速度。将有进展的AAA分为缓慢进展组(进展速度≤0.25 cm/y)和快速进展组(进展速度>0.25 cm/y)。采用独立样本t检验或Mann-Whitney U非参数检验进行组间比较;运用单变量与多变量线性回归分析,确定与AAA进展有关的基线CT特征。结果 71例患者存在病变进展,其中缓慢进展组35例,快速进展组36例。快速进展组的基线瘤体长度显著大于缓慢进展组(P=0.03)。多因素相关性分析结果显示,瘤体面积(β=0.048,P=0.020)、长度(β=0.051,P=0.007)与进展速度呈独立正相关,瘤体曲度(β=-0.005,P=0.034)、血栓面积(β=-0.034,P=0.013)与进展速度呈独立负相关。结论 AAA患者基线CT特征中瘤体面积、长度、曲度、血...     

一侧肺动脉起源于主动脉及伴发畸形的一期纠治

目的探讨一侧肺动脉起源于主动脉及伴发畸形的纠治经验。方法18例一侧肺动脉起源于主动脉及伴发畸形的患儿,其中15例为右肺动脉起源于主动脉,3例为左肺动脉起源于主动脉。2例为单纯一侧肺动脉起源于主动脉,另16例分别伴有主动脉弓中断、主动脉缩窄、动脉导管未闭、主肺动脉窗、法洛四联症、室间隔缺损、房间隔缺损、二尖瓣返流、三尖瓣返流、气管狭窄等心内外畸形。其中无手术指征和外伤感染各2例;1例放弃治疗;13例手术纠治。结果13例手术患者无死亡病例,其中4例伴主动脉弓中断、主动脉缩窄患儿延迟关胸。术后3月~4年随访,除1例死于肺炎心衰外,余均存活,肺动脉压力下降,全组无主动脉瓣上狭窄及明显肺动脉分支狭窄。结论一侧肺动脉起源于主动脉患儿易早期发生肺动脉高压,一经确诊需立即手术。手术方式首选与伴发畸形一期纠治。患儿尽管可有各种心内外伴发畸形,但早期手术纠治可获得较佳中长期疗效。     

Total arch replacement using frozen elephant trunk technique with Frozenix for distal aortic arch aneurysms

Open in a separate window OBJECTIVESTotal arch replacement (TAR) using an endovascular approach has been initially introduced as the frozen elephant trunk technique (FET). In our institute, TAR using the FET with Frozenix has been used as the first-line treatment for distal aortic arch aneurysms since 2014. This study aimed to evaluate the early and long-term outcomes and demonstrate the efficacy of this procedure.METHODSBetween 2014 and 2021, 121 consecutive patients were treated with TAR using the FET with Frozenix for distal aortic arch aneurysms. Early and long-term outcomes were retrospectively analysed.RESULTSThe 30-day mortality rate was 2.5% (3/121). Of postoperative complications, paraplegia due to spinal cord injury occurred in 2 (1.7%) patients, stroke in 12 (9.9%) and acute renal failure in 10 (8.3%). At follow-up, 23 secondary aortic interventions were required and 8 (6.6%) patients underwent intended secondary thoracic endovascular aortic repair for residual descending aortic aneurysm. Late and aortic-related deaths occurred in 16 (13.2%) and 4 (3.3%) patients, respectively. The overall long-term survival rates at 1, 3 and 5 years were 87.6%, 83.1% and 65.4%, respectively, while the rates of freedom from aortic-related death at 1, 3 and 5 years were 95.7%, 95.7% and 84.8%, respectively.CONCLUSIONSTAR using the FET with Frozenix for distal aortic arch aneurysms has acceptable early mortality and morbidity. Spinal cord injury and paraplegia occur less frequently than previously reported. The technique has satisfactory long-term survival and freedom from aortic-related death.     

Prior intake of new oral anticoagulants adversely affects outcome following surgery for acute type A aortic dissection

Open in a separate window OBJECTIVESOral anticoagulation prior to emergency surgery is associated with an increased risk of perioperative bleeding, especially when this therapy cannot be discontinued or reversed in time. The goal of this study was to analyse the impact of different oral anticoagulants on the outcome of patients who underwent emergency surgery for acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD).METHODSThis was a single-centre retrospective study of patients treated with oral anticoagulation at the time of surgery for ATAAD. Outcomes of patients on new oral anticoagulant (NOAC) therapy were compared to respective outcomes of patients on Coumadin. Additionally, a survival analysis was performed comparing these 2 groups with patients who were operated on with no prior anticoagulation.RESULTSBetween January 2013 and April 2020, a total of 437 patients (63.8 ± 11.8 years, 68.4% male) received emergency surgery for ATAAD; 35 (8%) were taking oral anticoagulation at the time of hospital admission: 20 received phenprocoumon; 14, rivaroxaban; and 1, dabigatran. Compared to Coumadin, NOAC was associated with a greater need for blood-product transfusions and haemodynamic compromise. Operative mortality was 53% in the NOAC group and 30% in the Coumadin group. A 5-year survival analysis showed no significant difference between the NOAC and the Coumadin group (P = 0.059). Compared to 402 patients treated during the study period without anticoagulation, patients taking NOAC had significantly worse survival (P = 0.001), whereas that effect was not observed in patients undergoing surgery who were taking Coumadin (P = 0.99).CONCLUSIONSEmergency surgery for ATAAD in patients taking NOAC is associated with high morbidity and mortality. NOAC are a major risk factor for uncontrollable bleeding and haemodynamic compromise. New treatment strategies must be defined to improve surgical outcomes in these high-risk patients.     

Single-stage repair for ascending aortic aneurysm,artery stenosis and occlusion of neck vessels caused by Takayasu arteritis

Takayasu arteritis results in a variety of vascular symptoms, and there are some cases in which progressive vascular lesions require surgical intervention. We present a case with ascending aortic aneurysm, right common carotid artery stenosis, left common carotid artery occlusion and left subclavian artery stenosis caused by Takayasu arteritis that was successfully treated with total arch replacement and ascending aorta to right internal carotid artery bypass.     

磁共振血管壁成像在颅内动脉瘤诊断中的应用价值

目的 探讨高分辨磁共振血管壁成像（magnetic resonance vascular wall imaging,MR-VWI）对颅内动脉瘤（intracranial aneurysm,IA）的诊断价值。方法 选取2020年1月—2021年2月本院收治的动脉瘤患者共58例（70个瘤体）,依据动脉瘤破裂与否将其分为A组（破裂,10个瘤体）及B组（未破裂,60个瘤体）,同时再将B组依据患者是否存在症状分为B1（有症状12个）及B2（无症状48个）。所有入组患者均经MR-VWI进行检查,对比观察各组间MR检查结果。结果 B组瘤体大小、瘤径宽度、子囊比例、高宽比及瘤径强化分级均明显低于A组患者,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）;B1组患者高宽比及瘤壁强化分级明显高于B2组患者,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。结论 使用高分辨MR血管壁成像可有效评估颅内动脉瘤破裂风险,具有无创,高效的优势,值得在临床中进一步推广使用。     

支架辅助栓塞宽颈前交通动脉瘤的安全性及有效性分析

目的 探讨支架辅助栓塞宽颈前交通动脉瘤的安全性和有效性.方法 收集2015年1月至2019年12月大连医科大学附属第一医院神经外科采用介入栓塞治疗的宽颈前交通动脉瘤患者159例,其中支架辅助栓塞组67例,单纯弹簧圈栓塞组92例.支架辅助栓塞组中男性31例,女性36例,平均年龄(57.90±12.02)岁;单纯弹簧圈栓塞...     

大脑中动脉动脉瘤破裂并颅内血肿的急诊手术治疗

目的探讨大脑中动脉（MCA）动脉瘤破裂伴颅内血肿的临床特征、外科治疗方法。方法回顾性分析15例MCA动脉瘤破裂伴颅内血肿患者的临床资料,按术前Hunt-Hess分级,其中Ⅲ级3例,Ⅳ级10例,V级2例;血肿量为25～60ml,平均35ml;螺旋CT血管造影（CTA）确诊,所有病人给予急诊手术治疗。结果术后发生颞叶大面积梗死1例,丘脑梗死1例,严重血管痉挛4例。术后随访3～48月,GOS评分：恢复良好8例,中残4例,重残1例,植物生存1例,死亡1例。结论MCA动脉瘤破裂合并血肿的患者,病情多危重,应急诊开颅手术;CTA能快速确诊并指导手术;清除血肿＋去骨瓣减压术,可尽早解除高颅内压,减轻继发性脑损伤,同时夹闭动脉瘤,有效预防致命的再出血,提高治疗效果。     

血流导向装置治疗颅内动脉瘤的疗效分析

目的 探讨血流导向装置治疗颅内动脉瘤的疗效及安全性。方法 回顾性分析2019年5月至2021年4月行Pipeline Flex血流导向装置治疗的53例（68个动脉瘤）的颅内动脉瘤的临床资料。结果 53例68个动脉瘤,共置入60枚PED,技术成功率为100%。40例54个动脉瘤单纯应用PED治疗,术后即刻造影显示动脉瘤内造影剂明显滞留48个,无明显滞留6个;13例（14个动脉瘤）联合应用PED和弹簧圈栓塞,术后即刻造影均致密栓塞。围手术期总并发症发生率为7.5%（4/53）。53例临床随访6~28个月（中位数12个月）;末次随访时,47例未破裂动脉瘤预后良好（mRS评分≤2分）;6例破裂动脉瘤中,预后良好2例,mRS评分3分1例,4分1例,死亡2例。46例DSA随访4~8个月（中位数6个月）,动脉瘤完全闭塞率为67.9%。22例（28个动脉瘤）DSA随访9~18个月（中位数12个月）,动脉瘤完全闭塞率为85.7%,无动脉瘤复发。结论 血流导向装置治疗颅内动脉瘤总体安全、有效,但对颅内破裂动脉瘤的安全性仍需进一步研究。