人类后肠及肛门直肠胚胎发育中凋亡及细胞增殖的时空分布研究

目的：揭示肛门直肠的胚胎发育过程,初步探讨细胞增殖／凋亡在肛门直肠胚胎发育中的作用。方法本研究应用3～9周人胚标本,通过HE染色后连续动态观察肛门直肠的形态变化过程并结合TUNEL及PCNA免疫组织化学染色分析细胞增殖／凋亡的时空分布规律。结果第6周,凋亡细胞主要位于肛门直肠、尿直肠隔及尿生殖窦的上皮;尤其是在肛门开口区周围分布着大量凋亡细胞;第7周,凋亡细胞大量分布于直肠末端和直肠背侧间质区;第8周,直肠及肛管上皮中可以见到凋亡细胞,而在尿直肠隔背侧与泄殖腔膜内仅观察到少量的凋亡细胞。第6周,肛门直肠、尿生殖窦及尿直肠隔上可以观察到微弱的增殖细胞;散在的增殖细胞位于背侧泄殖腔膜;第7周,尿直肠隔间质中可见增殖细胞出现,这些细胞大部分位于肛门直肠和尿直肠隔腹侧的间质内;第8周,增殖细胞主要分布于尿道和肛门直肠的上皮中,同时在尿直肠隔与腹侧泄殖腔膜和融合区域内有大量增殖细胞聚集。结论在人类胚胎发育过程中,尿直肠隔与背侧泄殖腔膜并未发生融合,背侧泄殖腔膜和背侧泄殖腔在肛门直肠发育过程中发挥了重要作用;肛门开口后,尿直肠隔继续向头腹侧移位,与腹侧泄殖腔膜融合,腹侧泄殖腔膜在泌尿生殖道和会阴的胚胎发育中具有重要的意义。细胞凋亡促进了肛膜的崩解,使得肛门直肠与羊膜腔相通,在人类肛门直肠的胚胎发育过程中有重要的意义;胎龄第6～8周尿直肠隔,腹侧泄殖腔膜发生的细胞增殖和凋亡促进了尿生殖膈的头腹侧移位,在尿直肠隔与腹侧泄殖腔膜融合过程中发挥了重要的作用。     

不同吻合技术在腹腔镜低位直肠癌保肛手术中的应用分析

目的：分析不同吻合技术在腹腔镜低位直肠癌保肛手术中的临床应用效果。方法对90例行低位直肠癌保肛手术患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。90例患者均在腹腔镜下采用不同吻合技术进行低位直肠癌保肛手术,其中30例患者采用双吻合器技术为A组,30例患者使用人工吻合技术为B组,30例患者采用肛门脱出技术为C组,对比三组患者的临床效果。结果90例患者经过手术后均无需转入开腹术,各组手术指标中,除术中出血量存在差异外,其他指标均无明显差异,A组患者术后并发症发生率（10.00%）明显低于B组（33.33%）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论双吻合器技术在腹腔镜低位直肠癌保肛手术中的应用效果较好,而掌握不同的吻合技术可以提高腹腔镜低位直肠癌保肛手术的保肛率,因此,应该根据患者实际病情选择适合的吻合技术。     

鼻内镜治疗非侵袭性真菌性鼻窦炎治疗效果观察

目的：分析鼻内镜治疗非侵袭性真菌性鼻窦炎的效果。方法：将本院收治的200例非侵袭性真菌性鼻窦炎患者随机数字表法分成观察组与对照组,每组各100例,对照组患者给予传统方法治疗,观察组患者给予鼻内镜治疗,比较两组患者的临床治疗效果。结果：观察组患者的治疗总有效率明显高于对照组患者,并发症发生率明显低于对照组患者（P〈0.05）,比较差异有统计学意义。结论：采用鼻内镜方法治疗非侵袭性真菌性鼻窦炎具有较好的临床效果,临床应用价值较高。     

Influence of Chronic Sinusitis and Nasal Polyp on the Lower Airway of Subjects Without Lower Airway Diseases

Purpose

Upper and lower respiratory tract pathologies are believed to be interrelated; however, the impact of upper airway inflammation on lung function in subjects without lung disease has not been evaluated. This study investigated the association of CT finding suggesting chronic sinusitis and lung function in healthy subjects without lung disease.

Methods

This was a retrospective study of prospectively collected data from 284 subjects who underwent a pulmonary function test, bronchial provocation test, rhinoscopy, and osteomeatal unit computed tomography offered as a private health check-up option.

Results

CT findings showed that the sinusitis group had a significantly lower FEV1/FVC ratio than subjects without sinusitis finding (78.62% vs 84.19%, P=0.019). Among the sinusitis group, subjects classified by CT findings as the extensive disease group had a slightly lower FEV1/FVC than those of the limited disease group (76.6% vs 79.5%, P=0.014) and the associations were independent of the presence of airway hyperresponsiveness. The subjects with nasal polyp had also lower FEV1 and FEV1/FVC than subjects without nasal polyp (FEV1: 100.0% vs 103.6%, P=0.045, FEV1/FVC: 77.4% vs 80.0%, P=0.005).

Conclusions

CT findings suggesting chronic sinusitis and nasal polyp were associated with subclinical lower airway flow limitation even in the absence of underlying lung disease.     

兔实验性上颌窦炎黏膜纤毛运动的检测

目的:利用兔实验性上颌窦炎模型观察手术前后上颌窦黏膜纤毛运动的变化.方法:将40只新西兰大白兔分成正常对照(35侧)、鼻窦炎(50侧)和鼻窦炎术后(40侧)3组,建立实验性上颌窦炎模型,并采用窦口开放、扩大术治疗鼻窦炎.分别采用99mTc-SC核素法和活性碳粉末法观察上颌窦黏膜纤毛的运动.结果:99mTc-SC核素法可很好显示纤毛的运动方向;活性炭粉末测量法显示纤毛运动速度正常对照＞鼻窦炎术后＞鼻窦炎,三者间差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论:用活性碳检测上颌窦黏膜纤毛运动是一种有效判断纤毛功能的方法.术后再生的黏膜纤毛功能低下.     

上颌窦黏膜增厚的锥形束CT影像分析

目的 运用锥形束CT (CBCT)研究牙源性因素对上颌窦黏膜增厚的影响,同时,通过对上颌窦黏膜增厚的随访,研究口腔治疗的作用。方法 回顾性分析2017年8—12月四川大学华西口腔医院就诊的患者,通过CBCT图像筛选出上颌窦最大黏膜厚度>2 mm的患者,评估上颌窦底及上颌窦黏膜增厚与患牙的关系,同时,记录患牙及其治疗的情况,观察随访前后上颌窦黏膜增厚的变化。结果 黏膜厚度与炎症距窦底的距离呈极弱负相关（P<0.05,r=-0.154）,而根尖距窦底的距离与黏膜厚度无直接相关性（P>0.05）。在治疗组中,窦底破坏组的黏膜厚度变化较窦底连续组大,黏膜厚度变化与根尖距窦底的距离呈弱负相关（P<0.01,r=-0.382）,黏膜厚度变化与炎症距窦底的距离呈中等程度负相关（P<0.001,r=-0.524）。结论 上颌窦炎的严重程度可能更大程度上取决于根尖周炎症边缘距窦底的远近而与单纯的根尖位置没有明显的关系。但从治疗效果来讲,炎症病变离上颌窦越近,上颌窦底越易被破坏,上颌窦炎受牙源性因素影响越大,口腔治疗的效果也越好。     

Appropriate extent of surgery for aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease

The current literature lacks strong guidelines regarding surgical management of patients with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD), who present with the clinical triad of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP), bronchial asthma, and aspirin/nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug intolerance. To further define the effectiveness of sinus surgery in treating AERD patients, this review article discusses current evidence regarding outcomes associated with more extensive surgery, the benefits of frontal sinus surgery on polyposis, and the role of Draf III intervention. Numerous studies suggest that Draf III frontal sinusotomy may be an efficacious early intervention due to increased neo-ostial patency and subsequent distribution of topical therapies. Future studies that further investigate the efficacy and safety of extensive surgery in AERD patients are warranted.     

Guidelines of the French Society of Otorhinolaryngology (SFORL): Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and pediatric ENT infections. Short version

ObjectivesTo present the guidelines of the French Society of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery concerning the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in pediatric ENT infections.MethodsBased on a critical analysis of the medical literature up to November 2016, a multidisciplinary workgroup of 11 practitioners wrote clinical practice guidelines. Levels of evidence were classified according to the GRADE (Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) system: GRADE A, B, C or “expert opinion”. The first version of the text was reworked by the workgroup following comments by the 22 members of the reading group.ResultsThe main recommendations are: NSAIDs are indicated at analgesic doses (e.g. 20–30 mg/kg/day for ibuprofen) in combination with paracetamol (acetaminophen) in uncomplicated pediatric ENT infections (acute otitis media, tonsillitis, upper respiratory infections, and maxillary sinusitis) if: o pain is of medium intensity (visual analogue scale (VAS) score 3–5 or “Evaluation Enfant Douleur” (EVENDOL) child pain score 4–7) and insufficiently relieved by first-line paracetamol (residual VAS ≥ 3 or EVENDOL ≥ 4); o pain is moderate to intense (VAS 5–7 or EVENDOL 7–10). When combined, paracetamol and ibuprofen are ideally taken simultaneously every 6 h. It is recommended: (1) o not to prescribe NSAIDs in severe or complicated pediatric ENT infections; (2) o to suspend NSAIDs treatment in case of unusual clinical presentation of the infection (duration or symptoms); (3) o not to prescribe NSAIDs for more than 72 h.