局部进展期胰腺癌调强放疗剂量递增临床研究

目的探索调强放射治疗 (IMRT)提高进展期胰腺癌局部肿瘤靶区剂量以及减少周围正常组织照射剂量的可能性。　方法 2 1例局部进展期胰腺癌患者接受同期放化疗。放射治疗分第一阶段予常规放射治疗 ,剂量30Gy/ 15次 / 3周 ;第二阶段强调放射治疗 ,肿瘤靶区分割剂量 3Gy/次 ,总剂量为 2 1～30Gy ,在 2周内分 7～10次完成。总剂量递增水平 :5 1、5 4、5 7、6 0Gy。在放射治疗过程中 ,每个治疗日 5 -FU静脉点滴。　结果 16例完成治疗计划 ,分别为 5 1Gy 3例、5 4Gy 3例、5 7Gy 3例 ,6 0Gy 7例。 13例治疗前CA19- 9值升高 ,中位值治疗前后分别为 716、2 5 5U/ml(P <0 .0 0 1)。 14例以疼痛为主的患者至少减少 1/ 3～1/ 2的麻醉药品用量 ,其中 5例疼痛症状完全消失。10例患者治疗后卡氏评分有提高。　结论局部进展期胰腺癌患者接受适形调强放疗并同期应用 5 -Fu化疗增敏 ,可获得确切的姑息治疗作用 ,肿瘤剂量 6 0Gy分 2 5次在 5周完成 ,无严重的放射治疗相关的急性毒性反应     

依达拉奉防治缺血性脑损伤研究的新进展

近年来,依达拉奉脑保护作用的研究取得了很大进展,尤以对缺血性脑卒中和新生儿缺血缺氧性脑病的防治研究最为深入,而联合治疗策略也得到了广泛的重视.本文就近5年这些热点研究的新进展进行综述.     

Impact of Induction Chemotherapy and Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy on Operative Morbidity and Mortality in Patients with Locoregional Adenocarcinoma of the Stomach or Gastroesophageal Junction

Background Significant tumor downstaging has been achieved in patients with localized gastric or gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma by induction chemotherapy and preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CTX–CTXRT). However, the influence of CTX–CTXRT on operative morbidity and mortality has not yet been clarified. The aim of the present study was to document the frequency and nature of morbidity and mortality after surgery combined with CTX–CTXRT, and identify factors predictive of postoperative complications in patients with localized gastric or gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma. Methods A prospectively collected database on 71 consecutive patients who underwent CTX–CTXRT at M.D. Anderson Cancer Center between January 1997 and August 2004 was reviewed. Postoperative morbidity and mortality were investigated, and risk factors for overall complications were identified by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results Overall morbidity and mortality rates were 38.0% (27 patients) and 2.8% (2 patients), respectively. Age greater than 60 years [relative risk 11.3 (95% confidence interval 2.50–50.6)] and body mass index (BMI) of 26 kg/m² or above [relative risk 4.08 (95% confidence interval 1.08–15.4)] were significant risk factors for overall complications. Conclusions CTX–CTXRT can be performed safely with an acceptable operative morbidity and a low operative mortality rate in patients with gastric or gastroesophageal cancer, with careful consideration of added risk associated with age and obesity.     

桡骨远端骨折治疗失败的分析

桡骨远端骨折为全身中最常见的骨折,约占整个骨折患者的1/6,多见于老年患者。收治了桡骨远端骨折骨不连及畸形愈合的患者28例,分析原因如下。1临床资料1998-2004年,共治疗桡骨远端骨折治疗失败病例28例,其中桡骨远端粉碎骨折7例,骨不连21例。桡骨远端粉碎骨折组中,男4例,女3例;年龄21~65岁,平均41.3岁。其中石膏固定导致骨折再移位4例,外固定支架固定导致骨折再移位2例,克氏针内固定导致再移位1例。骨不连组中,男14例,女7例;年龄34~70岁,平均55.7岁。其中采用普通钢板固定7例,三棱针固定7例,克氏针加钢丝固定2例,单纯克氏针固定2例,外固定架…     

女性尿瘘的治疗体会(附13例报告)

目的　探讨女性尿瘘的诊治,对巨大复杂的膀胱尿道阴道瘘的手术修补法进行探讨。方法　经阴道修补膀胱阴道瘘4例, 尿道阴道瘘3例,膀胱尿道阴道瘘2例,经腹阴道联合途径修补复杂性女性尿瘘4例,其中输尿管阴道瘘1例。结果　一次性修 复痊愈率(甲级)达84.6%、有效率(乙级)达92.3%。结论　术前仔细检查及评估手术方案是缩短手术时间、减少术中创伤的重 要环节,精细的外科手术技巧是确保手术成功的关键,经腹阴道联合手术途径修补术是治疗巨大复杂女性尿瘘的有效方法。     

False positive accumulation in 18F fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography scan due to sarcoid reaction following induction chemotherapy for lung cancer

We present a case of lung cancer that showed false positive accumulation in an ¹⁸F fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) scan following induction chemotherapy for suspected metastasis and progression of malignancy. A 66-year-old man was diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma in the lung, classified as clinical stage IIIA (T2N2M0), and underwent induction chemotherapy. An FDG-PET scan prior to chemotherapy demonstrated accumulation only in the tumor, whereas following treatment it revealed a strong accumulation not only in the tumor, but also in the supraclavicular lymph nodes, which indicated lymph node metastasis. The patient underwent a biopsy of the right supraclavicular lymph node and mediastinoscopy, after which all dissected lymph nodes showed sarcoid reactions and no tumor cells were found pathologically. We concluded that when evaluating the effect of induction chemotherapy for malignancy, a sarcoid reaction might lead to the false positive accumulation of FDG.     

股骨远端骨折治疗方案的探讨

股骨远端骨折是创伤骨科治疗领域内的一个难点。主要原因是治疗方案的混乱和远期膝关节的病损。自1998-2005年采用经皮股骨远端髓内钉(DFN)内固定、切开复位接骨板内固定的方法治疗股骨远端骨折共59例,分析如下。1临床资料经皮DFN共27例,男19例,女8例;年龄19~75岁,平均35岁。交通伤19例,老年跌伤6例,砸伤2例。按AO分型:A1型10例,A2型8例,A3型6例,C1型3例。伴有开放性损伤4例,多发骨折3例,前交叉韧带损伤1例。切开复位接骨板内固定共32例,男21例,女11例。年龄18~79岁,平均36岁。交通伤21例,老年跌伤6例,砸伤4例,炸伤1例。按AO分型:B1型…     

MR Findings of Intrathecal Chemotherapy-Related Myelopathy in Two Cases: Mimicker of Subacute Combined Degeneration

We report the findings of spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 2 patients who had undergone intrathecal chemotherapy and presented with the subacute onset of ascending numbness and weakness. MRI revealed a symmetric hyperintensity at the posterior columns of the spinal cord from the lower cervical region down to the conus medullaris level on T2-weighted images, and no abnormal enhancement. The imaging findings are similar to those seen in subacute combined degeneration (SCD), but the serum vitamin B(12) levels were normal in these 2 cases.     

化疗药物性静脉炎及渗漏损伤的动物实验模型研究概况

化疗药物性静脉炎及渗漏损伤的动物实验模型是研究体内化疗药物性静脉炎及渗漏损伤的发病机制和评价各种治疗方法的重要条件。化疗药物性静脉炎及渗漏损伤的实验研究进展缓慢,其主要原因是缺乏理想的动物模型。依文献报道,化疗药物性静脉炎模型主要以大白兔耳缘静脉注射长春瑞滨等化疗药物为多见,化疗药物渗漏损伤模型主要以大鼠及大白兔背部皮下注射盐酸阿霉素等化疗药物为多见。文章就近年来常用的一些化疗药物性静脉炎及渗漏损伤的动物模型综述如下。     

Ewing's sarcoma of bone: Oncologic and functional results

This paper describes 29 patients with Ewing's sarcoma of bone treated between 1975 and 1990 at the University of Nijmegen Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Osteomyelitis was the primary diagnosis in 24%. Treatment consisted of chemotherapy in combination with surgery and/or radiotherapy. Nine patients received radiotherapy only; five of them died of disease. Five patients underwent an intralesional excision; four of them died of disease. Twelve patients underwent a wide excision; there is no evidence of disease in any of them. Three patients underwent a radical disarticulation; all died of disease. The disease-free survival at 1.5 years was 66%. This figure at 5 years was 55%. After wide excision and reconstruction in tumors of expendable, femoral or radial bones good functional results were obtained in all cases. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.