The Meth Project and Teen Meth Use: New Estimates from the National and State Youth Risk Behavior Surveys

In this note, we use data from the national and state Youth Risk Behavior Surveys for the period 1999 through 2011 to estimate the relationship between the Meth Project, an anti‐methamphetamine advertising campaign, and meth use among high school students. During this period, a total of eight states adopted anti‐meth advertising campaigns. After accounting for pre‐existing downward trends in meth use, we find little evidence that the campaign curbed meth use in the full sample. We do find, however, some evidence that the Meth Project may have decreased meth use among White high school students. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Medicinal chemistry of oxazines as promising agents in drug discovery

Oxazines have brought much synthetic interest due to their extensive biological activities. These are the important category of heterocycles, which may be formally derived from benzene and its reduction products by convenient substitution of carbon (and hydrogen) atoms by nitrogen and oxygen. In the last few decades, oxazine derivatives have documented as worthy synthetic intermediates and also blessed with notable sedative, analgesic, anticonvulsant, antipyretic, antimicrobial, antitubercular, antimalarial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. Nowadays, it is important to develop new classes of compounds with more effective mechanisms due to drug resistance activity in which the ability of drug to effectively treat disease can be reduced. The aim of the article is to collect and make a more generalized review on the synthesis of oxazine derivatives and their pharmaceutical and biological activities. We hope this review will provide ample references for the researchers concerned with azines in generally and oxazines in particular.     

The impact of noise on the reliability of heart-rate variability and complexity analysis in trauma patients

This study focused on the impact of noise on the reliability of heart-rate variability and complexity (HRV, HRC) to discriminate between different trauma patients and to monitor individual patients. Life-saving interventions (LSIs) were chosen as an endpoint because performance of LSIs is a critical aspect of trauma patient care. Noise was modeled and simulated by modifying original R–R interval (RRI) sequences via decimation, concatenation, and division of RRIs, as well as R-wave detection using the electrocardiogram. Results showed that under increasing simulated noise, entropy and autocorrelation measures can still effectively discriminate between LSI and non-LSI patients and monitor individuals over time.     

基于LMCD的步态信号复杂度分析

目的步态信号的研究是现今生物医学研究的重点。对不同步态信号的分析,有助于进行临床诊断和医学研究。方法采用Lopez—Mancini—CalbetDivergence（LMCD）的复杂度分析方法,对老年人、年轻人和帕金森患者各10例的步态信号分别计算复杂度,并对实验数据进行方差分析。结果3种步态信号的复杂度差异显著性,年轻人的步态信号复杂度最大,老年人次之,帕金森患者的复杂度最小。结论基于LMCD的步态信号复杂度分析可以得出人的步态信号随机性的强弱。     

White dominance in nursing education: A target for anti‐racist efforts

Literature on racism, anti‐racism, whiteness, nursing education and nurse educators was reviewed and analysed for the development of race consciousness and application of anti‐racist pedagogy. The literature describes an oppressive educational climate for non‐white identifying people, a curriculum that does not attend to the social construction of difference, and a nursing culture that is not consciously situated in a broader sociopolitical context. A particular focus on studies of nurse educators demonstrates a stark need for personal and professional development towards effectively delivering anti‐racist pedagogy and a deconstruction of white normativity and dominance amongst white faculty. The protection and reproduction of white privilege is identified through the scholarship itself through a lack of racial analysis, an externalization of the root of oppression and non‐specific study measures and outcomes. The persistence and pervasiveness of white dominance in nursing and the lack of anti‐racist competence in white educators, particularly, merits a shift in anti‐racist efforts away from short‐term skill acquisition initiatives towards the deconstruction of socialized white supremacy and enactments of white privilege in nurse educators themselves.     

Chemoprevention of colorectal cancer with nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs

Colorectal carcinoma is one of the commonest solid organ tumors in the world and its prevalence appears to be increasing in Asia. Recently, there has been much interest in various chemotherapeutic agents for the management of this condition, in particular nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). There is a large amount of data that suggest traditional NSAIDs, as well as the new cyclooxygenase (COX)‐2 selective inhibitors such as rofecoxib and celecoxib, have a role in the setting of primary and secondary prevention, and adjuvant therapy of both sporadic colorectal carcinoma and familial adenomatous polyposis. This review examines some of this data, as well as the potential problems and limitations of using these agents, particularly in light of the recent withdrawal of rofecoxib.