Genetics,systems, and alcohol

Under a variety of rubrics (e.g., complexity, self-constructing systems, dissipative structures), interest has recently burgeoned in applying principles of complex systems to a wide variety of scientific issues. A major concern is with emergent properties of systems not derivable from the properties of components of the systems. In this paper, some elementary aspects of systems considerations are applied to phenomena of alcohol pharmacogenetics. It is likely that whole new families of informative phenotypes can be generated by this approach.     

Multiple pathways of cell invasion are regulated by multiple families of serine proteases

The complex process of tumor invasion requires the coordinated expression and activity of cell-substratum adhesive interactions and of cell-associated protease systems, which destroy the extracellular matrix (ECM), in order to enable the invading cells to simultaneously grip and destroy the anatomical barriers that control cell spreading. A number of data indicate that such a `grip and go' process may be performed by an enlarging series of cell membrane-associated serine proteases and serine protease receptors, which provide the invasive cells with a functional unit (the protease and its receptor), able to mediate cell-substratum adhesion through specific receptor domains, to proteolytically degrade ECM and to deliver into the cell signals that up-regulate the expression either of the protease/receptor complex, or of other adhesion molecules, such as integrins. There is evidence that some proteases and protease receptor expression are under the control of tumor hypoxia, which is the result of an imbalance in oxygen supply and demand. The urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) receptor (u-PAR) is under hypoxic control and cooperates with other serine proteases of the blood coagulation pathways that may extravasate in the tumor milieu as a result of hypoxia-simulated increase of vessel permeability. Other serine proteases and their receptors cooperate with the cell-associated fibrinolytic system to promote cell invasion. Among these, tissue factor and its ligand coagulation factor VII, thrombin and its protease-activated receptors, and type II trans-membrane serine proteases seem to play a crucial role. This Review takes into consideration the complex scenario of the single serine proteases and related receptors that are involved in cell invasion, as well as the protease receptor/adhesion molecule interplay which is necessary to focus the cell surface-driven proteolysis where adhesion provides a grip to the invading cell. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

一次细胞融合制备分泌抗狂犬病毒单抗杂交瘤及分泌抗独特型单抗杂交瘤的实验研究

根据独特型与抗独特型的免疫网络与免疫调节学说，利用狂犬病毒作为免疫原，设计了不同的动物免疫方案，免疫Ｂａｌｂ／ｃ小鼠，免疫脾细胞与骨髓瘤细胞经一次融合，同时获得了分泌抗狂犬病毒单克隆抗体杂交瘤及分泌狂犬病毒抗独特型单克隆抗体杂交瘤，为抗独特型抗体的制备开辟了一条简捷经济的途径。     

急慢性乙型肝炎患者血浆uPA和uPAR的检测及意义

目的研究急慢性乙型肝炎uPA和uPAR的表达，探讨肝炎发病时血液纤溶的变化及意义。方法应用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）测定血浆uPA和uPAR的水平。结果急慢性乙型肝炎血浆uPA和uPAR水平与对照组比较均有意义地高于对照组（P〈0．01）；慢性乙型肝炎重度组血浆uPA和uPAR水平显著高于急性乙型肝炎组（P〈0．05），亦显著高于慢性乙型肝炎中轻度组（P〈0．05和P〈0．01）；急性乙型肝炎血浆中uPAR水平显著高于慢性乙型肝炎中轻度组（P〈0．01）；乙型肝炎急性期血浆中uPA和uPAR水平显著升高，恢复期明显回落（P〈0．05和P〈0．01），但仍明显高于正常对照组（P〈0．01）；急慢性乙型肝炎血浆中uPAR水平与凝血酶原时间（PT）（r=0．605，P〈0．01）和国际标准化比率INR（r=0．603，P〈0．01）、胆红素（TB）（r=0．649P〈0．01）呈正相关。结论急慢性乙型肝炎uPA和uPAR水平的升高，与炎症的严重程度有关，与肝细胞损伤程度有关，是肝炎发病时血液凝血和纤溶系统失衡的重要原因之一。     

食管癌细胞膜提取物体外诱导胚胎胸腺细胞抗癌效应的研究

本文探讨增强胚胎胸腺细胞抗肿瘤效应的方法。采用食管癌细胞膜抗原体外诱导培养的胚胎胸腺细胞 ;用3 H TdR掺入法检测其对食管癌细胞的细胞毒效应 ;用SP 免疫组化法检测其经诱导后细胞表面抗原的变化。结果经食管癌细胞膜抗原诱导 3～ 9d的胚胎胸腺细胞对食管癌细胞的杀伤率明显大于未经诱导的胚胎胸腺细胞 ;胚胎胸腺细胞经诱导后CD4 + /CD8+ 细胞无明显变化 ,但诱导后出现少量CD5 6细胞。食管癌细胞膜抗原体外诱导胚胎胸腺细胞可增强其对食管癌细胞的细胞毒作用     

Dynamics of some indices of blood clotting after intraperitoneal injection of thrombin into noninbred albino rats

The possibility of giving thrombin by intraperitoneal injection as a test of the function of the blood clotting system (the in vivo thrombin test) was demonstrated in experiments on noninbred albino rats.Department of Biochemistry, Tyumen' Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR N. A. Fedorov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 86, No. 12, pp. 675–677, December, 1978.     

巨细胞病毒DNA早期抗原与巨细胞病毒-IgM、IgG滴度一致率的对比研究

目的 :正确认识巨细胞病毒 (CMV)DNA及CMV早期抗原 (EA)的病毒学意义及临床价值。方法 :检查 34例急性黄疸性肝炎患儿和 19例健康儿童的血白细胞CMV DNA、尿CMV DNA、血白细胞CMV EA ,并与其同时检测的CMV IgM、CMV IgG双份血清 (急性期 /恢复期 )滴度有 4倍以上升高 (IgG升高 )相比较。结果 :CMV DNA与CMV IgM及CMV IgG升高的一致率都低于 5 0 % ;CMV EA与CMV IgM的一致率为 6 6 .7% (肝炎患儿 )、6 8.4% (健康儿童 ) ,显著高于血CMV DNA( 37.7% ,P <0 .0 1)和 CMV DNA( 4 4.4% ,P <0 .0 5 )与CMV IgM的一致率 ,但CMV EA与CMV IgG升高无相关性 ;CMV DNA与CMV EA在肝炎患儿和健康儿童中的检出率无显著差异性。结论 :CMV DNA定性检查不适于做为CMV活动性感染的指标 ,而CMV EA更能反映CMV的活动性感染。联合开展CMV的多种抗原检查以及定量检查CMV 抗原和DNA可能是必要的     

复方银黄微型灌肠剂解热、抑菌作用的研究

目的：探讨复方银黄微型灌肠剂的解热、抑菌作用,方法：观察复方银黄微型灌肠剂对发热家兔的影响并采用体外抑菌试验的平皿二倍稀释法观察复方银黄微型灌肠剂的抑菌效果。结果：复方银黄微型灌肠剂对发热家兔有明显的解热作用,对受试10种致病细菌有不同程度的抑制作用。结论：复方银黄微型灌肠剂具有较强的解热,抑菌作用。     

葡萄籽提取物对四氯化碳诱导大鼠脂质过氧化反应的影响

目的 :研究葡萄籽提取物对四氯化碳 (CCl4 )引起的脂质过氧化反应和抗氧化能力的影响。方法 :通过对大鼠的体内实验 ,测定大鼠肝和脑组织中由 CCl4 诱导产生的过氧化脂质生成物丙二醛(MDA) (TBA法 )的含量、血清中的超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD) (比色法 )活性和血清中总抗氧化能力(T- AOC) (比色法 )。结果 :葡萄籽提取物可明显降低大鼠肝和脑组织中 MDA的生成量 ,明显升高血清中 SOD活性和 T- AOC。结论 :葡萄籽提取物具有明显的抗氧化作用。