前路经枕寰枢关节螺钉内固定的临床解剖学研究

[目的]探讨前路经枕寰枢关节螺钉的临床应用解剖学依据。[方法]取30具国人干燥枕颈部标本,测量与经枕寰枢关节螺钉内固定术相关的解剖径线及钉道参数;并以此类数据为依据,在所测量的干燥标本上模拟行经枕寰枢关节螺钉内固定术,经X线摄片检查内固定位置并测量钉道实际角度。[结果]前路经枕寰枢关节螺钉内固定的钉道在矢状面上呈后倾,在冠状面上呈外倾。左右两侧钉道角度大小差异无统计学差异,理想外倾角为(18.15±3.70)°,理想后倾角为(24.20±4.91)°,理想钉道长度为(34.45±2.9)mm;模拟行内固定验证,术后影像学及直视下检查结果显示,螺钉钉道均经过枕寰枢关节,角度均在此范围内,无穿出骨质者。[结论]采用前路经枕寰枢关节螺钉行枕颈融合内固定在解剖上是可行的。     

内侧髌股韧带重建治疗复发性髌骨脱位

目的介绍采用内侧髌股韧带(medial patellofemoral ligament,MPFL)重建治疗复发性髌骨脱位的手术技术和效果。方法 2005年6月-2007年9月,采用MPFL重建治疗复发性髌骨脱位29例。男6例,女23例;年龄13～45岁,平均20.3岁。髌骨脱位2～10次。末次髌骨脱位至手术时间为1～144个月,平均43.9个月。术前CT检查测量胫骨结节-股骨滑车间距(tibial tuberosity-trochlear groove distance,TT-TG);并行Kujala、Lysholm和Tegner评分,分别为(72.03±17.38)、(72.65±14.70)、(5.25±1.83)分。手术采用同种异体肌腱作为移植物,在股骨侧使用骨隧道技术,可吸收挤压螺钉固定;在髌骨内侧缘制作双L形隧道,调节移植物张力后,缝合固定移植物的游离端。同时行关节镜检查、游离体取出和髌外侧支持带松解。对于TT-TG>20 mm的16例患者,同时行胫骨结节内移截骨。结果 27例获随访,随访时间40～67个月,平均45.5个月。患者术后均无髌骨再脱位,也无髌骨错动或半脱位。0°位和屈膝30°位髌骨外推试验和外推恐惧试验均为阴性。术后1年患者膝关节屈伸活动度均恢复正常,能够完全下蹲。末次随访时Kujala评分、Lysholm评分分别为(94.10±7.59)、(95.44±6.25)分,与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);Tegner评分为(4.33±1.00)分,与术前比较差异无统计学意义(t=1.302,P=0.213)。术前TT-TG>20 mm的患者末次随访时TT-TG为(16.88±5.92)mm,与术前(23.38±3.70)mm比较差异有统计学意义(t=2.822,P=0.026)。结论 MPFL重建治疗复发性髌骨脱位能够明显改善髌骨稳定性,且术后膝关节功能评分和运动等级评分均较术前明显改善。     

Regulation of the inflammatory response by tin protoporphyrin IX in the rat anterior cruciate ligament transection model of osteoarthritis

The purpose of this study was to investigate several inflammatory mediators and cartilage degradation molecules as possible biomarkers of joint lesion in the anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) model of osteoarthritis in rats. We also assessed whether the treatment with the anti‐inflammatory agent tin protoporphyrin IX (SnPP) reduces the progression of disease. Our results indicate that serum levels of interleukin (IL)‐6 and PGE₂ are significantly increased in ACLT rats 10 weeks after surgery, whereas the increases in IL‐1β and tumor necrosis‐α were not significant. In addition, our data suggest that IL‐17 is the main pro‐inflammatory cytokine in the ACLT joint. We have shown that serum C‐telopeptide of type II collagen (CTX‐II) is a biomarker better than cartilage oligomeric matrix protein, whereas hyaluronic acid showed no correlation with disease progression. Administration of SnPP (i.p. 12 mg/kg BW/day for 10 weeks) reduces the severity of structural changes and the levels of CTX‐II, IL‐6, and PGE₂ in serum and IL‐17 and PGE₂ in ACLT knees. These effects on PGE₂ are dependent on the down‐regulation of cyclooxygenase‐2. Our findings indicate that systemic and local inflammatory mediators participate in the rat ACLT model and anti‐inflammatory strategies may help to reduce the progression of joint lesion. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29: 1375–1382, 2011     

Anastomotic leakage after surgery for rectal cancer: a risk factor for local recurrence,distant metastasis and reduced cancer‐specific survival?

Aim The impact of anastomic leakage (AL) on the oncological outcome after anterior resection (AR) for rectal cancer is still controversial. We explored the impact of AL regarding local recurrence (LR), distant metastasis and overall recurrence (OAR). Overall and cancer‐specific survival was analysed. Method Patients undergoing AR for rectal cancer with a registered AL between 1995 and 1997 and a control group were identified in the Swedish Rectal Cancer Registry. The medical records were retrieved for additional data and validation. Differences in the oncological outcome at 5‐year follow‐up were analysed with multivariate methods. Results After validation, 114 patients with AL and 136 control patients with locally radical surgery for tumours in tumour–node–metastasis stages I–III were analysed. There was no difference detected between patients with AL and control patients regarding rates of LR [8% (9 of 114) vs 9% (12 of 136); P = 0.97], distant metastasis [18% (20 of 114) vs 23% (31 of 136); P = 0.37] and OAR [19% (22 of 114) vs 28% (38 of 136); P = 0.15]. The 5‐year cancer‐specific survival was almost 80% in both groups. In multivariate analysis, AL was not a risk factor of LR, distant metastasis or OAR and had no impact on 5‐year overall or 5‐year cancer‐specific survival. Irrespective of the occurrence of AL, preoperative radiotherapy (P = 0.055) and rectal washout (P = 0.046) reduced the LR rate, but did not influence survival. Conclusion Anastomotic leakage was not proved to be a risk factor of worse oncological outcome. Hence, additional adjuvant treatment or extended follow‐up on the basis of the occurrence of AL after AR might not be justified.     

关节镜下自体腘绳肌肌腱移植重建膝前交叉韧带的临床观察

目的探讨关节镜下自体腘绳肌肌腱移植重建膝前交叉韧带的临床疗效。方法自2006年12月-2010年1月,对215例膝关节前交叉韧带损伤患者采用关节镜下自体腘绳肌肌腱移植重建（包括单束和双束）。比较患者术前、术后Lysholm膝关节评分和膝关节稳定性改变。结果本组215例中210例获得随访,1例患者在术后6周出现膝关节内感染,予行关节镜下清理、抗感染等处理后治愈。术前和术后1个月、术后6个月、术后1年Lysholm膝关节评分分别比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。术前215例患者物理检查均表现为膝关节不稳,术后所有患膝不稳定表现消失。结论关节镜下自体腘绳肌肌腱移植重建膝前交叉韧带疗效可靠,依据病人实际情况个性化合理选择单双束重建。     

三七总皂苷促进腱骨愈合的实验研究

目的：研究三七总皂苷对腱骨愈合的影响。方法：取20只成年新西兰大白兔,随机分为PNS组及空白对照组,每组10只。两组动物均切断双侧膝关节前交叉韧带,以趾长伸肌腱重建前交叉韧带,制作腱骨愈合模型。PNS组骨隧道内注射三七总皂苷注射液,干预腱骨愈合。空白对照组不予干预措施。术后4周及8周每组各处死5只新西兰大白兔,获取腱骨愈合标本。通过肉眼、组织学切片观察两组腱骨愈合的变化及差异。结果：顺利完成所有手术,20只大白兔无死亡及关节感染。大体观察,两组动物4周时腱骨界面为纤维连接,8周时腱骨间隙已不容易辨认。组织学观察,PNS组腱骨界面细胞成熟度更高,sharphy纤维生长更加密集,间质钙化程度更高,新骨形成量更多。8周时界面组织形态分类,两组分布差异有统计学意义。结论：三七总皂苷能够促进腱骨界面细胞成熟,促进腱骨界面胶原生长,促进新骨形成,加快腱骨愈合速度,提高腱骨愈合质量。但本研究尚未对各项指标进行定量测量,三七总皂苷促进腱骨愈合的详细机制尚未完全明确。     

双束双隧道6股腘绳肌腱解剖重建前交叉韧带

目的探讨双束双隧道6股腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带（ACL）的可行性及近期疗效。方法对28例ACL损伤患者行关节镜下ACL重建术。采用股骨胫骨双隧道建立前内侧束（AMB）及后外侧束（PLB）。分别将股薄肌腱、半腱肌腱编织成3股肌腱,用于重建PLB与AMB。AMB与PLB股骨端均用Endobutton钢板固定,胫骨端AMB用Bio-Intrafix固定,PLB用Milagro可吸收界面螺钉固定。结果 28例均获随访,时间12-24（19.54±3.84）个月。根据Lysholm膝关节功能评分：术前为18-60（34.79±12.53）分,术后1年为90-98（95.54±2.06）分,差异有统计学意议（t=26.51,P〈0.01）。结论双束双隧道6股腘绳肌腱重建ACL,手术操作简便,固定牢固,效果可靠。     

骑缝钉内固定治疗后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折

2007年9月-2010年4月,我科采用骑缝钉内固定治疗19例后交叉韧带（PCL）胫骨止点撕脱骨折,疗效满意。1材料与方法1.1病例资料本组19例,男13例,女6例,年龄18-58岁。新鲜骨折17例,陈旧性骨折或者骨折不愈合2例。合并同侧胫骨骨折2例,同侧股骨髁骨折2例,同侧髌骨骨折1例。     

翼状韧带悬吊矫正先天性重度上睑下垂

目的 探讨翼状韧带悬吊矫正重度先天性上睑下垂的临床效果.方法 2010年1～11月,应用翼状韧带悬吊法治疗先天性重度上睑下垂患者15例15只眼,按照切开重睑术术式,打开眶隔,在距睑板上缘5 mm处剪断上睑提肌腱膜进入到上睑提肌下层,向结膜上穹窿分离,在上直肌前1/3和上睑提肌之间找到翼状韧带,用3-0丝线同上睑提肌缝合于睑板上缘,悬吊矫正上睑下垂,缝合形成重睑.结果 经过3～11个月随访,15只眼矫正良好,眼裂均在15～30 d基本闭合,无其他并发症发生,重睑弧度形态自然,外观满意.结论 翼状韧带悬吊治疗重度先天性上睑下垂疗效可靠,用翼状韧带代替上睑提肌,生理运动方向一致,术后眼睑外形动态与静态均较自然.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the clinical result of check ligament suspension for correction of congenital severe blepharoptosis. Methods Since Jan. 2010 to Nov. 2010, 15 eyes in 15 cases with congenital severe blepharoptosis were treated with the check ligament suspension. Palpebralis aponeurosis was exposured by opening fascia palpebralis during blepharoplasty. Palpebralis aponeurosis was cut off about 5 mm above the tarsus. The check ligament was seen in the intermuscular space between the segment of levator and the anterior one third of superior rectus attached to the conjunctival fornix. Congenital blepharoptosis could be corrected by suturing the check ligament and levator palpebrae superior to the upper margin of tarsal plate with 3-0 silk thread. Double eyelid plasty was carried out in the end. Results The follow-up period was 3-11 months with good cosmetic result. All the cases could close their eyes in 15 to 30 days with no complication. Conclusions In conclusion, this technique is quite successful in raising the level of the upper eyelid in severe congenital blepharoptosis. The check ligament moves in a similar direction as the natural movement of levator muscle, so both the postoperative static and dynamic appearance of the upper lid is more natural.     

前路椎体切除钛网植骨钉棒多节段内固定治疗胸腰段剪力型骨折脱位1例

1病例资料 患者,男,20岁,战士。高处坠落致腰部被杠杆顶压受伤,双下肢感觉障碍、不能活动4 h于2010年6月16日入院。查体：脊柱胸腰段皮下淤血、压痛,腹股沟以下双下肢及会阴部深浅感觉消失,下肢诸肌肌力0级,肛门括约肌反射、球海绵体肌反射、提睾反射消失,跖底反射消失,腱反射消失,病理反射阴性。