Evaluation of Femoral Tunnel Positioning Using 3-Dimensional Computed Tomography and Radiographs after Single Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction with Modified Transtibial Technique

Background

The purpose of this study is to report a modified transtibial technique to approach the center of anatomical femoral footprint in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction and to investigate the accurate femoral tunnel position with 3-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) and radiography after reconstruction.

Methods

From December 2010 to October 2011, we evaluated 98 patients who underwent primary ACL reconstruction using a modified transtibial technique to approach the center of anatomical femoral footprint in single bundle ACL reconstruction with hamstring autograft. Their femoral tunnel positions were investigated with 3D-CT and radiography postoperatively. Femoral tunnel angle was measured on the postoperative anteroposterior (AP) radiograph and the center of the femoral tunnel aperture on the lateral femoral condyle was assessed with 3D-CT according to the quadrant method by two orthopedic surgeons.

Results

According to the quadrant method with 3D-CT, the femoral tunnel was measured at a mean of 32.94% ± 5.16% from the proximal condylar surface (parallel to the Blumensaat line) and 41.89% ± 5.58% from the notch roof (perpendicular to the Blumensaat line) with good interobserver (intraclass correlation coefficients [ICC], 0.766 and 0.793, respectively) and intraobserver reliability (ICC, 0.875 and 0.893, respectively). According to the radiographic measurement on the AP view, the femoral tunnel angles averaged 50.43° ± 7.04° (ICC, 0.783 and 0.911, respectively).

Conclusions

Our modified transtibial technique is anticipated to provide more anatomical placement of the femoral tunnel during ACL reconstruction than the former traditional transtibial techniques.     

阿加曲班治疗急性脉络膜前动脉梗死的疗效观察

目的探讨阿加曲班抗凝治疗急性脉络膜前动脉梗死患者的疗效。方法将急性脉络膜前动脉梗死患者40例分为阿加曲班组(20例)和对照组(20例)。2组均给予他汀类稳定斑块,控制危险因素(血压、血糖)等基础治疗。在基础治疗上,阿加曲班组第1、2天给予阿加曲班120mg/d,48h持续静脉泵入,第3~7天给予阿加曲班20mg,2次/d,抗凝治疗结束后加用阿司匹林100mg/d,氯吡格雷75mg/d;对照组入院后给予阿司匹林100mg/d,氯吡格雷75mg/d,持续应用。测定2组治疗前及治疗后第7、14、30天NIHSS评分及有效率。治疗前完善头颅影像学、血常规、肝肾功能及凝血功能等生化指标。治疗期间观察用药相关不良反应。结果治疗后第7、14、30天与治疗前比较NIHSS评分均降低,以治疗后第30天最为显著,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);阿加曲班组有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论阿加曲班可明显改善急性脉络膜前动脉供血区梗死者的神经功能缺损,改善远期预后,显效率高,安全性好。     

基于MRI影像组学鉴别卵巢卵泡膜细胞瘤与阔韧带肌瘤

目的 探讨基于MRI影像组学对卵巢卵泡膜细胞瘤（OTCA）与阔韧带肌瘤（BLM）的鉴别诊断价值。资料与方法 回顾性分析安阳市肿瘤医院2016年1月—2021年3月经病理证实的76例OTCA和58例BLM的MRI图像,比较两组疾病的MRI特征。于肿瘤最大层面勾画感兴趣区提取T2WI脂肪抑制序列图像纹理特征,采用分层抽样方式按照7∶3分为训练组104例和测试组30例,根据病理结果分为OTCA亚组和BLM亚组。基于训练组,使用最小绝对收缩和选择算子回归分析筛选关键特征,根据回归模型中变量的回归系数,建立线性方程计算影像组学标签评分。采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线评价基于MRI图像特征、影像组学及其组合区分两种疾病的能力。结果 共4个MRI特征为鉴别两组疾病的独立特征,包括同侧卵巢可见性（χ2=5.503,P<0.05）、外周囊性区（χ2=7.693,P<0.05）、动脉期强化程度（P<0.05）及表观扩散系数（t=3.310,P<0.05）;训练组和测试组OTCA、BLM亚组的影像组学标签评分比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。联合MRI图像特征和影像组...     

Síndromes de compresión vascular. Valor de la ecografía Doppler

Vascular compression syndromes arise when a vessel in a tight anatomic space is entrapped by another structure, resulting in diverse symptoms for which different imaging tests are used to diagnose. Radiologists need to be familiar with vascular compression syndromes and to be able to identify their most representative findings. This paper aims to review the principal symptoms of vascular compression, describing and illustrating the key findings on Doppler ultrasonography that enable accurate diagnosis and guide further workup, avoiding unnecessary invasive tests and pointing to the appropriate treatment.     

Bilateral changes in knee joint laxity during the first year after non-surgically treated anterior cruciate ligament injury

ObjectivesAnalyse changes in knee laxity between 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after non-surgically treated ACL injury and to analyse associations between knee laxity and knee function, self-reported knee stability, ACL-Return to Sport after Injury (ACL-RSI), fear and confidence at different timepoints during recovery.DesignProspective cohort study.Participants125 patients (67 males, mean age 25.0 ± 7.0 years) with acute ACL injury.Main outcomeLaxity was measured using KT-1000 arthrometer. Self-reported knee function was assessed using the International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Form (IKDC-SKF). Confidence and fear were assessed with questions from the ACL-RSI scale. Subjectively knee stability was assessed using SANE.ResultsKnee laxity increased bilaterally from 3 to 12 months, and in the non-involved knee from 3 to 24 months (p˂0.05), although mean change was below 1 mm. Side-to-side difference in knee laxity was correlated with IKDC-SKF (r = −0.283) and knee stability in rehabilitation/sport activities (r = −0.315) at 6 months, but not with confidence/fear.ConclusionKnee laxity increased bilaterally during the first year after non-surgically treated ACL injury, though, the mean change in knee laxity was below 1 mm and the clinical significance is unknown. Knee laxity was weakly associated with knee function and perceived knee stability.Level of evidenceLevel IITrial registrationNCT02931084     

Effects of cognitive- and motor-dual tasks on postural control regularity following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

BackgroundHigh injury rates following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) motivate the need to better understand lingering movement deficiencies following return to sport. Athletic competition involves various types of sensory, motor, and cognitive challenges; however, postural control deficiencies during this spectrum of conditions are not well understood following ACLR.Research questionTo what extent is postural control altered following ACLR in the presence of sensory, motor, and cognitive challenges, and does postural control correlate with patient-reported symptoms?MethodsFourteen individuals following ACLR (4 m/10 f, 21.2 ± 2.4 yr, 76.9 ± 19.1 kg, 1.70 ± 0.14 m) and fourteen matched healthy controls (4 m/10 f, 21.2 ± 1.4 yr, 75.4 ± 15.3 kg, 1.70 ± 0.15 m) participated in the study. Participants completed single-leg balance, ACLR limb or matched side for controls, under four conditions: 1) eyes open, 2) eyes closed, 3) visual-cognitive dual task (i.e., reverse digit span), and 4) motor dual task (i.e., catching a ball). Sample entropy (SEn) was calculated for each balance condition to characterize regularity of center of pressure control. Participants also completed patient-reported outcomes to characterize self-reported knee function, symptoms, and fear. A mixed effects model tested for differences in SEn between balance conditions, and Spearman correlations tested for relationships between SEn and patient-reported outcomes.ResultsA significant Group-by-Condition interaction was detected (P = 0.043). While the motor dual task and eyes closed balance conditions were associated with the lowest SEn for both groups, only the visual-cognitive dual task condition demonstrated a significant difference between groups, with the ACLR group having lower SEn [95% confidence interval for ΔSEn: (0.03, 0.35)]. Lower KOOS-Sport scores were associated with decreased SEn for the ACLR group (ρ = 0.81, P < 0.001).SignificanceThese findings are consistent with ACLR individuals using a less automatic approach to postural control compared to controls, particularly when presented with a visual-cognitive challenge. Altered neuromuscular control persists well after ACLR surgery and can be related to patient-reported outcomes.     

Perivascular fat attenuation for predicting adverse cardiac events in stable patients undergoing invasive coronary angiography

BackgroundInflammation surrounding the coronary arteries can be non-invasively assessed using pericoronary adipose tissue attenuation (PCAT). While PCAT holds promise for further risk stratification of patients with low coronary artery disease (CAD) prevalence, its value in higher risk populations remains unknown.MethodsCORE320 enrolled patients referred for invasive coronary angiography with known or suspected CAD. Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) images were collected for 381 patients for whom clinical outcomes were assessed 5 years after enrollment. Using semi-automated image analysis software, PCAT was obtained and normalized for the right coronary (RCA), left anterior descending (LAD), and left circumflex arteries (LCx). The association between PCAT and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) during follow up was assessed using Cox regression models.ResultsThirty-seven patients were excluded due to technical failure. For the remaining 344 patients, median age was 62 (interquartile range, 55–68) with 59% having ≥1 coronary artery stenosis of ≥50% by quantitative coronary angiography. Mean attenuation values for PCAT in RCA, LAD, and LCx were ?74.9, ?74.2, and ?71.2, respectively. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for normalized PCAT in the RCA, LAD, and LCx for MACE were 0.96 (CI: 0.75–1.22, p ?= ?0.71), 1.31 (95% CI: 0.96–1.78, p ?= ?0.09), and 0.98 (95% CI: 0.78–1.22, p ?= ?0.84), respectively. For death, stroke, or myocardial infarction only, hazard ratios were 0.68 (0.44–1.07), 0.85 (0.56–1.29), and 0.57 (0.41–0.80), respectively.ConclusionsIn patients referred for invasive coronary angiography with suspected CAD, PCAT did not predict MACE during long term follow up. Further studies are needed to understand the relationship of PCAT with CAD risk.     

膝内侧半月板“湾征”对内侧副韧带断裂的诊断意义

目的内侧副韧带损伤后,关节镜下可见内侧半月板上滑膜缘完全显示,类似海湾形状,称为"海湾全景征"(简称"湾征"),判断其作为诊断膝内侧副韧带断裂标志体征的可靠性及意义。方法 2007年3月-2011年3月,纳入59例MRI检查提示内侧副韧带断裂患者作为观察组,其中男38例,女21例;年龄16～39岁,平均23.2岁;单纯内侧副韧带断裂12例,合并外侧半月板损伤16例,前交叉韧带损伤27例,前、后交叉韧带损伤3例,髌骨脱位1例。68例MRI检查提示无内侧副韧带断裂患者作为对照组,其中男45例,女23例;年龄25～49岁,平均31.8岁;前交叉韧带损伤38例,前、后交叉韧带损伤4例,前交叉韧带合并外侧半月板损伤26例。两组治疗前后行关节镜探查比较"湾征"出现情况。结果观察组膝内侧副韧带修复重建前关节镜探查均见"湾征",明确内侧副韧带断裂;修复重建后"湾征"消失。对照组交叉韧带重建前后均未见"湾征"。结论 "湾征"可作为关节镜下膝内侧副韧带断裂的诊断指征,以及术中韧带修复重建成功与否的判断依据。