参芪提取物对闭合性脑外伤作用的试验研究

目的:观察参芪提取物(SQE)对闭合性脑外伤的作用。方法:选用昆明种小鼠,随机分成模型组、脑复康(NFK)组(0.24 g.kg-1)、参芪提取物(SQE)高、中、低剂量组(0.282,0.141,0.071 g.kg-1,按公斤体重计,相当于人用量的20,10,5倍),并设正常组。采用自由落体法复制闭合性脑外伤小鼠模型,分别于造模后8,24 h测定耐缺氧时间、脑组织含水量、脑指数和血脑屏障(BBB)通透性。结果:参芪提取物能明显降低闭合性脑外伤模型小鼠脑组织含水量、脑指数和血脑屏障通透性,与模型组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05);明显提高模型小鼠耐缺氧时间,与模型组比较有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论:参芪提取物(SQE)对小鼠闭合性脑外伤有一定的保护作用。     

异丙酚对缺氧复氧损伤人血管内皮细胞诱生型一氧化氮合酶与核转录因子κB表达的影响

目的:探讨异丙酚对缺氧复氧损伤人血管内皮细胞凋亡及诱生型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)、核转录因子κB(NF-κB)表达的影响。方法:培养至融合状态的脐静脉内皮细胞随机分为3组。正常对照组(C组)、缺氧复氧组(HR组)和缺氧复氧 异丙酚组(PR组),PR组按加入异丙酚浓度不同分为3个亚组(25PR、50PR、100PR组)。结果:PR组细胞凋亡降低,与HR组比较差异显著(P<0.01),50PR组、100PR组与25PR组比较差异显著(P<0.01)。PR组NF-κB和iNOSmRNA降低表达,与HR组比较差异显著(P<0.01);50PR组、100PR组与25PR组比较差异显著(P<0.01)。结论:异丙酚降低缺氧复氧损伤所致的内皮细胞凋亡,与其抑制缺氧复氧引起的NF-κB表达升高,减少iNOS生成有关。     

前脑动脉血流阻抗指数用于缺血缺氧性脑病的诊断

不得以连续波多普勒血流分析仪对１８２例正常新生儿（正常组）及６７例高危新生儿（异常组），分别进行了５３４次和２３０次前脑动脉血流阻抗指数（ＲＩ）测定。结果：正常组前脑动脉ＲＩ值分布范围为０．６２±０．０９（ｓ），其与日龄呈显著正相关（ｒ＝０．７２，Ｐ＜０．０５）；正常前脑动脉血流速度频谱图为规则图形。此外，在高危新生儿中，ＲＩ异常的标化发生率在有缺血缺氧性脑病（ＨＩＥ）病理基础的高危儿（甲组）中明显高于正常组（Ｐ＜０．００１），无ＨＩＥ病理基础的高危儿（乙组）则与正常组间差异无显著性（Ｐ＞０．０５）；同时，甲组的ＲＩ异常的标化发生率也明显高于乙组（Ｐ＜０．００１）。特别在９例有严重ＨＩＥ并发症者中，前脑动脉不规则血流图的标化发生率显著高于其他高危儿（Ｐ＜０．００１）。提示：从新生儿预后方面看，前脑动脉ＲＩ极度异常，尤其是有不规则血流图出现时，ＨＩＥ的严重并发症发生率及新生儿死亡率均急剧增高（Ｐ＜０．００１）。因此，前脑动脉ＲＩ异常提示有新生儿ＨＩＥ存在，特别当有不规则血流图出现时，新生儿预后多不良。     

临床早期胎心率监测的价值

对１２３例高危产妇临床早期进行胎心监护，按Ｆｉｓｃｈｅｒ评分法分高分、中分与低分３组。结果：１．３组分娩方式、Ａｐｇａｒ评分及脐带情况差异均有显著性，（Ｐ＜０．０１）；２．监测组与未监测组Ａｐｇａｒ评分＜４分者分别为０．６１％与１．４７％，未监测组新生儿死亡率为５．５墸嗖庾槲抟焕劳觯＊３．胎心率监护图象异常组中８２．６１％伴产科临床情况异常，而正常组仅１７．３９％（Ｐ＜０．００１）；４．白天与夜间均行胎心率监护，低分组分别为５．１５％与１９．２３％，（Ｐ＜０．０５）。提示不论有无高危因素，在临床早期常规行胎心率监护，对可疑者连续或反复监测，可减少胎儿重度窒息，避免新生几死亡，对促进优生有很大的价值。     

红景天胶囊对心肌缺氧、缺血保护作用的实验研究

本研究观察到，灌胃给红景天胶囊可使小鼠夹闭气管后心电消失时间，常压和低压缺氧条件下平均存活时间延长，使大鼠注射垂体后叶素所致心肌缺血阳性反应数减少；大，中两剂量组与生理盐水对照组比较，各项指标均有显著性差异，其作用强度亦优于复方丹参片对照组。     

Neonatal mortality pattern in rural based medical college hospital

The present study was undertaken to establish priorities in neonatal care and to find out neonatal mortality pattern in a rural based medical college hospital. One hundred and twentythree neonatal deaths out of 1461 live births constituted the study material. The neonatal mortality rate was 84.2/1000 live births. The mortality in preterm, full term and post term infants was 43.13,4.02,7.02 percent respectively (p<0.001). The mortality in relation to birth weight was 100 percent (<1000 g); 71.43 percent (1000–1499 g); 37.14 percent (1500–1999 g); 7.63 percent (2000–2499 g) and 2.94 percent (>2500 g). Almost 70 percent of all deaths were because of severe birth anoxia and septicemia (including meningitis) either alone or in combination.     

Effects of chronic partial outlet obstruction on blood flow and oxygenation of the rat bladder

PURPOSE: Experimental partial bladder outlet obstruction in rats and rabbits drives the bladder through 3 sequential responses, referred to as hypertrophy, compensation and decompensation. The hypertrophy phase, which is a period of rapid bladder growth, has previously been shown to be accompanied by a significant increase in bladder blood flow in rats and rabbits in a manner that likely supports the bladder cell growth process. However, chronic periods of obstruction in the rabbit have been shown to reduce significantly bladder blood flow, especially to the detrusor smooth muscle, corresponding with a loss of bladder contractile function or decompensation in these animals. We determined the effects of chronic 1 to 4-week partial outlet obstruction on rat bladder blood flow and directly correlated them with hypoxia in the rat bladder. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Rats underwent surgical partial bladder outlet obstruction under anesthesia. At weekly intervals after surgery relative blood flow to the bladder and spleen was measured by a fluorescent microsphere infusion technique. Sham operated rats were also studied 2 and 4 weeks following surgery. In a second experiment groups of similarly obstructed rats were treated with Hypoxyprobe-1 (Natural Pharmacia International, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina), a chemical probe for hypoxia, 3 days, 1 and 2 weeks after partial bladder outlet obstruction. The bladders were subsequently fixed and immunostained using a monoclonal antibody that detects Hypoxyprobe-1 adducts that are selectively formed in hypoxic cells. RESULTS: Neither bladder weight nor bladder relative blood flow was affected by sham surgery. Likewise, control and sham obstructed rat bladders were found to be free of Hypoxyprobe-1 reactive areas. In contrast, obstructed rats had significantly increased bladder weight at all time points. Relative weight of the obstructed rat bladders indicates the response to mild-moderate obstruction. Bladder relative blood flow in obstructed rats was significantly elevated 1 and 2 weeks after partial bladder outlet obstruction but it returned to almost control levels by 3 and 4 weeks. Hypoxyprobe-1 staining demonstrated a sequential transition of hypoxia from bladder mucosa and submucosal regions at 3 days to muscularis and serosal fibroblasts 1 week and finally to smooth muscle cells by 2 weeks after obstruction. CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to the rabbit model, global blood flow in the mild-moderate chronically obstructed rat bladder was found to be higher or nearly equivalent to blood flow in unobstructed control rat bladders. However, even in the presence of normal or above normal blood flow focal regions of hypoxia were still observed in obstructed rat bladders and these regions changed with time. These results provide a reason to understand better why rats are more resistant to the onset of bladder decompensation than rabbits and support the concept that hypoxia is involved in bladder remodeling as well as in progressive functional impairment of the bladder after partial bladder outlet obstruction.     

知母宁对慢性低氧高二氧化碳大鼠NO/NOS体系的影响

目的研究知母宁对慢性低氧高二氧化碳性肺动脉高压的防治机制。方法将SD大鼠分为正常对照组,4周低O2高CO2组和4周低O2高CO2 知母宁组(知母宁组)。测定各组大鼠肺动脉平均压(mPAP)、颈动脉平均压(mCAP),检测动脉血、肺组织iNOS、cNOS活性,及NO产生、释放的变化;观察各组大鼠肺细小动脉显微和超微结构的变化。结果①mPAP低O2高CO2组比正常组显著增高,知母宁组比低O2高CO2组显著降低;3组间mCAP比较差异无显著性。②血浆及肺组织匀浆NO含量低O2高CO2组均显著低于对照组,知母宁组均显著高于低O2高CO2组。③血浆及肺组织匀浆iNOS活性低O2高CO2组均显著高于对照组,知母宁组血浆iNOS活性与低O2高CO2组无明显差异,肺组织匀浆iNOS活性略高于低O2高CO2组;血浆及肺组织匀浆cNOS活性低O2高CO2组显著低于对照组,知母宁组均显著高于低O2高CO2组。④光镜电镜下低O2高CO2组,肺细小动脉管壁增厚、管腔变小中膜平滑肌细胞增生、外膜胶原纤维增生,知母宁组肺血管重建减轻。结论知母宁有抑制慢性低氧高二氧化碳性肺动脉高压和肺血管结构重建的作用,上调NO/NOS体系,使NO合成增多可能为其重要作用机制。     

黄体酮对缺氧小鼠脑损伤的影响

目的观察小鼠缺氧后脑组织水、钾、钠含量的变化,探讨黄体酮(PROG)在脑缺氧中的神经保护作用。方法32只雄性小鼠随机分为正常对照组、单纯缺氧组、低PROG组和高PROG组,后两组于缺氧前30min腹腔注射.PROG4mg/kg或8mg/kg。小鼠缺氧24h断头取脑.测脑组织的水、钾、钠含量。结果缺氧24h后,缺氧组脑组织水、钾、钠含量均明显高于正常对照组(P<0.01)。经PROG预处理的两组与单纯缺氧组相比,脑组织水、钾、钠含量均有所下降,低PROG(4mg/k)组的疗效尤为明显.水下降4.95%(P<0.01),钾下降24.6%(P<0.01).钠下降17.6%(P<0.01);高PROG(8mg/kg)组水含量下降有显著差异(P<0.01),但钾、钠下降不显著(P>0.05)。结论小鼠缺氧24h后脑组织水、钾、钠含量明显升高.PROG可抑制缺氧脑内水、钾、钠的升高,产生一定的神经保护作用。