Magnetic resonance angiography of cerebral developmental venous anomalies: its role in differential diagnosis

Summary CT, MRI and contrast angiography of 20 patients with 21 developmental venous anomalies (DVAs), so-called venous angiomas, were compared with magnetic resonance angiography employing a two-dimensional time-of-flight technique (2D-MRA). MRA was diagnostic in 17 DVAs, when both the primary 2D slices and the maximum-intensity-projection images were read. Contrast angiography still provides the best visualization of both DVA components: dilated medullary veins and transcerebral draining vein; however, it is an invasive procedure and delivers no information about brain parenchyma. We regard MRI as necessary in cases with a suspected DVA because of the high rate of association with cavernomas: 33% in this study. Acute neurological symptoms were caused by haemorrhage from an associated cavernoma and not from the DVA in 4 such cases. Thus MRA combined with MRI obviates angiography in most cases and offers a noninvasive diagnostic strategy adequate for DVAs.     

One and a half ventricle repair for Ebstein’s anomaly

The surgical strategy for patients having Ebstein’s anomaly and hypoplastic right ventricle is controversial. An 11-year-old boy patient having such condition, with estimated end-diastolic volume index of the atrialized and functional right ventricle being 70% of normally expected values, underwent biventricular repair. Immediately after the surgery, however, he developed right heart failure with the central venous pressure of 11 mmHg. He consequently underwent additional bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis, thereby converting the biventricular repair into one and a half ventricle repair. He recovered uneventfully and is doing well 2 years after the surgery.     

先天性脐尿管异常疾病的诊治体会（附9例报告）

目的：探讨先天性脐尿管异常疾病的诊断与治疗方法。方法：根据病史并结合脐孔或膀胱美蓝注射试验、膀胱镜检查、瘘管造影、B超、CT等辅助检查方法诊断脐尿管异常疾病9例,并进行相应手术治疗。结果：手术及病理检查证实脐尿管瘘并感染3例,脐尿管囊肿并感染3例,脐尿管窦道并感染1例,膀胱顶部憩室1例,确诊后自动出院1例。患者术后排尿正常,8－18天痊愈出院,随访至今无复发及癌变。结论：脐孔或膀胱美蓝注射试验、膀胱镜检查、瘘管造影、B超、CT等辅助检查为有效的诊断措施;手术范围应以尽可能彻底切除脐尿管及其异常组织为宜。     

A rare anomaly of the anterior communicating artery complex hidden by a large broad-neck aneurysm and disclosed by three-dimensional rotational angiography

Double fenestration of the anterior communicating artery (ACoA) complex associated with an aneurysm is a very rare finding and is usually caused by ACoA duplication and the presence of a median artery of the corpus callosum (MACC). We present a patient in whom double fenestration was not associated with ACoA duplication or even with MACC, representing therefore, a previously unreported anatomic variation. A 43 year old woman experienced sudden headache and the CT scans showed subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). On admission, her clinical condition was consistent with Hunt and Hess grade II. Conventional digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was performed and revealed multiple intracranial aneurysms arising from both middle cerebral arteries (MCA) and from the ACoA. Three-dimensional rotational angiography (3D-RA) disclosed a double fenestration of the ACoA complex which was missed by DSA. The patient underwent a classic pterional approach in order to achieve occlusion of both left MCA and ACoA aneurysms by surgical clipping. The post-operative period was uneventful. A rare anatomical variation characterised by a double fenestration not associated with ACoA duplication or MACC is described. The DSA images missed the double fenestration which was disclosed by 3D-RA, indicating the importance of 3D-RA in the diagnosis and surgical planning of intracranial aneurysms.     

先天性脊柱侧凸患者脊椎畸形及椎管内畸形的特点

目的:探讨先天性脊柱侧凸(CS)患者脊椎畸形与椎管内畸形的特点及两者间的关系.方法:对我院2005年9月～2007年5月收治的123例CS患者的影像学资料进行回顾性分析.统计不同类型脊椎畸形及不同类型椎管内畸形的特点,分析两者之间的关系.结果:123例患者的脊椎畸形中,28例(22.8%)为形成障碍(FF).43例(35.0%)为分节障碍(SF),52例(42.2%)为混合型障碍(MT).28例FF均在胸腰椎,其中前方结构畸形(AM)19例(67.9%),前后方结构畸形(APM)9例(32.1%);单节段畸形(SM)19例(67.9%),多节段畸形(MM)9例(32.1%).43例SF中,AM 9例(20.9%),后方结构畸形(PM)3例(7.0%),APM 31例(72.1%);SM 9例(20.9%),MM 34例(79.1%);214个节段受累,胸椎196个.52例MT中,AM 6例(11.5%),APM 46例(78.5%);SM 6例(11.5%),MM 46例(78.5%).37例(31.7%)患者有椎管内畸形,其中脊髓纵裂14例,低位脊髓2例,脊髓纵裂合并低位脊髓21例.35例脊髓纵裂患者中34例位于胸椎、腰椎或跨越胸腰椎,33例为SF或MT:23例低位脊髓中21例发生于SF或MT.结论:FF好发于胸椎和腰椎,多为单纯AM,SF和MT好发于胸椎,多为APM.脊椎畸形好发于胸椎,脊髓纵裂好发于胸椎和腰椎,脊髓纵裂和低位脊髓好发于SF或MT.     

Developmental venous anomaly, cavernous malformation, and capillary telangiectasia: spectrum of a single disease

Summary Developmental venous anomalies (DVAs), cavernous malformations, and capillary telangiectasias are related vascular malformations of the central nervous system. Mixed lesions of the central nervous system vasculature have been reported in a host of combinations, including many possible concomitant combinations of cavernous malformations, venous anomalies, capillary telangiectasias, and arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). We describe the natural history of disease in a female with developmental venous anomaly, cavernous malformation, and capillary telangiectasias appearing in sequence. Correspondence: Robert F. Spetzler MD, C/o Neuroscience Publications, Barrow Neurological Institute, 350 W. Thomas Rd., Phoenix, 85013 AZ, USA.     

成人间活体右半肝移植术中变异门静脉右支切取与重建技术

目的 探讨成人间活体右半肝移植术中变异门静脉支(APVB)切取与重建的技巧.方法 2002年1月至2007年4月,共实施70例成人间活体右半肝移植.术前肝脏血管三维CT成像显示供肝动脉及静脉走向,70例右半供肝中有9例门静脉分支变异,其中7例为Ⅱ型变异,2例为Ⅲ型变异.除1例供者行狭窄桥状连接单口切取APVB外,其余8例均采用供者优先的原则即距门静脉主干2～3mm处双口切断APVB.Ⅱ型变异中有2例双口切取其右前、右后支成形为一个开口后与受者门静脉主干吻合,4例右前、右后支分别与受者门静脉左、右支吻合,1例行右前、右后支间狭窄桥状组织连接单口切取后与受者门静脉主干单口吻合.Ⅲ型变异中有1例双口切取其右前、右后支分别与受者门静脉支双口吻合,1例双口切取后行新型的U形血管移植物间置与受者门静脉主干单口吻合.结果 9例受者均无门静脉狭窄或血栓、肝动脉狭窄或血栓以及肝静脉流出道狭窄等血管并发症发生.1例供者术后3 d并发门静脉血栓,手术取栓及门静脉壁修补成形后痊愈.新型的U形血管移植物间置重建术后通畅,无并发症发生.结论 成人间活体右半肝移植术中采用供者优先的原则双口切取APVB、双口吻合重建以及新型的U形血管间置等门静脉重建技术是安全可行的,未增加手术难度,且临床效果良好.     

A gastric duplication cyst with an aberrant pancreatic ductal system: report of a case

We report an extremely rare case of a gastric duplication cyst together with an aberrant pancreatic ductal system, which communicated with the stomach rather than the pancreatic ductal system with no evidence of pancreatitis. A 46-year-old woman developed severe abdominal pain after a 10-year history of occasional mild abdominal pain. Upper gastrointestinal barium radiography showed a rigidity of the stomach wall, and gastroscopy revealed a fistula orifice at a greater curvature of the gastric body. Subsequent endoscopic suction of mucous secretion from within the fistula provided immediate pain relief. Abdominal computed tomography and ultrasonography showed a cystic mass contiguous with the stomach wall. Surgical exploration revealed an uncommon anomaly of a gastric duplication cyst with the aberrant pancreatic lobe. The patient made an uneventful recovery and remains well 4 years after surgery. We also herein review ten other similar cases of this uncommon congenital anomaly reported in the literature. Received: August 20, 2001 / Accepted: January 8, 2002     

MED治疗腰椎间盘突出症时对神经根变异的探查

目的：观察显微内窥镜下椎间盘切除术（microendoscopic discectomy，MED）治疗腰椎间盘突出症时神经根变异情况，防止出现术中神经根损伤。方法：回顾分析自1999年10月至2003年12月应用MED治疗的腰椎间盘突出症患者724例，其中男452例，女272例。对术中发现存在腰骶神经根变异患者的临床特点及术中所见进行统计分析。结果：724例腰椎间盘突出症患者有37例神经根变异，发生率为5.1％。与术前的临床表现吻合，全部神经根变异患者均在MED下完成手术，无一例出现神经根损伤。结论：仔细探查及分离突出髓核周围神经根发出情况．确定有无神经根变异是防止MED治疗腰椎间盘突出症时发生神经根损伤的重要环节之一。     

Malposition of catheters during voiding cystourethrography

The aim of this study was to report catheter malposition during voiding cystourethrography. Eight hundred forty-three voiding cystourethrography (265 males and 578 females, aged 1 week to 12 years, mean age 2 years) were performed during a period of 4 years. The conventional standard procedure was applied. In 3 cases with passed history of urinary tract infection the catheter entered directly into the ureter. In all these cases the uretero-vesical reflux was present on the same side where the catheter entered. It appears that insertion of a catheter into the ureter is possible only in the presence of an anomaly or pathology at the vesicoureteric junction. Received: 25 January 2000 Revised: 31 May 2000 Accepted: 5 June 2000