Spatial and temporal expression of germ cell nuclear factor in murine epididymis

Aim:To investigate the spatial and temporal expression of germ cell nuclear factor (GCNF) in mouse and rat epididymis during postnatal period.Methods:The epididymal sections from different postnatal days were stained for GCNF by the indirect immunofluorescence technique and digital photographs were taken by a Carl Zeiss confocal microscope.Results:GCNF was first detected on day 12 in mouse epididymis and day 14 in rat epididymis.The highest expression of GCNF was observed on day 35 in both mouse and rat epididymis.In adults,GCNF exhibited a region-specific expression pattern,i.e.,it was expressed predominantly in the initial segment,caput and proximal corpus of rat epididymis and was abundant in the proximal corpus of mouse epididymis.GCNF could be found in the nuclei of the principal,apical,narrow,clear and halo cells.Conclusion:GCNF may play an important role in epididymal differentiation and development and in sperm maturation.(Asian J Andro12004 Mar,6:23-28)     

Stage-specific localization of transforming growth factor β1 and β3 and their receptors during spermatogenesis in men

Aim: To investigate the stage-specific localization of transforming growth factor (TGF) β1 and β3 during spermatogenesis in adult human testis, Methods: The localization of TGFβ1 and β3 was investigated by immunohistochemical staining method employing specific polyclonal antibodies. Results: Both TGFβ1 and β3 and their receptors were preponderant in the Leydig cells. TGFβ1 could not be detected in the seminiferous tubules. TGFβ3 and TGFβ-Receptor (R) Ⅰ were mainly seen in the elongated spermatids, while TGFβ-RⅡ in the pachytene spermatocytes and weak in the spermatogonia, spermatids and Sertoli cells. Only TGFβ-RⅡ was detected in the Sertoli cells.TGFβ3, TGFβ-RⅠ and TGFβ-RⅡ showed a staining pattern dependent upon the stages of the seminiferous epithelium cycle. Conclusion: TGFβ isoforms and their receptors are present in the somatic and germ cells of the adult humantestis, suggesting their involvement in the regulation of spermatogenesis.     

Changes of interleukin-1 β, tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-6 in brain and plasma after brain injury in rats

Objective: To study the changes of interleukin-1 β(IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in brain and plasma after brain injury and to assess the relationship between the cytokine levels and injury severity in rats. Methods. A total of 51 male Wistar rats, weighing 280-340g, were anesthetized with chloral hydrate(400 mg/kg body weight) through intraperitoneal injection and fixed on a stereotaxic instrument. Severe brain injury was created in 16 rats (severe injury group) and moderate brain injury in 18 rats (moderate injury group) by a fluid percussion model, and cytokine levels of IL-1β, TNFα and IL-6 were measured with biological assay. And sham operation was made on the other 17 rats (control group). Results: In the control group, the levels of IL-1β,TNFα and IL-6 were hardly detected in the cortex of the rats, but in the ipsilateral cortex of the rats in both injury groups, they increased obviously at 8 hours after injury.The increasing degree of these cytokines had no significant difference between the two injury groups. The levels of IL-6 in the plasma of all the rats increased slightly, whereas the levels of IL-1β and TNFα were undetectable. Conc|usions: The increase of IL-1β, TNFα and IL-6 levels is closely related to brain injury. The increased cytokine levels in the central nervous system are not parallel to those in the peripheral blood. It suggests that inflammatory cytokines play important roles in the secondary neural damage after brain injury.     

磷脂酶C与生殖

磷脂酶C(PLC)是磷脂酰肌醇信号转导途径中一个关键酶。目前确认的哺乳类PLC共有PLC β、PLC γ、PLC δ、PLC ε和最近新发现的PLC ζ 5种亚型 ,12种同工酶。不同亚型的结构、调控和组织分布各有差异。PLC在调控信号转导通路中的特性使其在顶体反应、卵子激活中发挥了巨大的作用。本文综述了PLC家族 5种亚型的结构、调控机制及PLC在男性生殖领域的相关内容 ,包括PLC引起卵子发生Ca2 + 振荡、激活卵子、促进胚胎发育等 ,并进一步探讨了PLC在临床上可能的应用前景。     

健康体检人群脂肪肝发病率及其易患因素分析

目的了解脂肪肝的易患因素 ,以便有针对性的健康教育提供依据。方法对在我院体检的 912人进行身高、体重、血压、实验室检测指标、B超及心电图检查。结果脂肪肝患病 84人 (9.2 1% )。患病年龄分布在 2 8～ 6 0岁 ,男性发病率高于女性 ,男女患病率比较 ,差异有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 1) ;脂肪肝者与非脂肪肝者不良生活习惯比较 ,差异有显著性意义 (均P <0 .0 1)。结论脂肪肝的发生与年龄、性别有关 ,随着患病年龄增长而增高 ,患病原因与某些易患因素如肥胖、高脂血症、糖尿病、饮食习惯不良、饮酒、活动少有关。     

重组人N末端脂多糖结合蛋白对脂多糖致伤小鼠保护作用的初步研究

目的　初步观察重组人N末端脂多糖结合蛋白 (tLBP)对细菌脂多糖 (LPS)致伤小鼠的保护效应。　方法　选用雄性昆明小鼠 70只 ,随机分为致伤组 1(2 1只 ) :腹腔内注射LPS 10 0ng;保护组 1(2 1只 ) :腹腔内注射 10 0ngLPS 40mgtLBP;对照组 (8只 ) :腹腔内注射等渗盐水。于注射后15、30min及 1、3、6、12、2 4h测定 3组动物血清丙氨酸转氨酶 (ALT)及肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF α)的含量 ,并观察其肝、肺组织的病理学改变。另设致伤组 2及保护组 2各 10只 ,分别腹腔内注射LPS 4 0 0ng及4 0 0ngLPS 40mgtLBP,观察伤后 2 4h内动物的死亡数。　结果　保护组 1与致伤组 1血清ALT含量分别于伤后 12、6h到达峰值 ,各为 (41.0 0± 4 .5 8)、(99.5 0± 6 2 .6 3)U L,前者的升高幅度显著低于后者 (P <0.0 1);两组血清TNF α含量均于伤后 3h到达峰值 ,各为 (35 .96± 7.33)、(42 .4 9± 4 .79)fmol ml,保护组 1的升高幅度低于致伤组 1。与致伤组 1比较 ,保护组 1肝细胞变性程度明显减轻 ,未见肝细胞散在坏死病变 ;肺组织充血有不同程度减轻 ,肺泡腔内、支气管内炎性渗出明显减弱。致伤组2伤后 2 4h死亡 9只 ,保护组 2死亡 3只。　结论　初步认为重组人tLBP具有一定的生物学活性 ,对LPS致伤小鼠具有一定保护作用。     

胆囊结石及癌变过程中肿瘤坏死因子可溶性受体的变化

目的　探讨可容性肿瘤坏死因子受体 (sTNFR)在胆囊结石及癌变过程中的变化。方法　用双抗体夹心酶联免疫法对 5 3例胆囊结石 ,9例胆囊癌及 11例正常对照者血清及胆法中的sTNFR水平进行检测。结果　血清及胆汁中sTNFR水平胆囊癌组为 (2 .63± 0 .5 6) μg/L、(10 .0 2± 3 .2 3 ) μg/L较胆石症组 (1.2 5± 0 .3 6) μg/L、(2 .81± 0 .93 ) μg/L及对照组 (0 .95± 0 .19)μg/L、(1.83± 0 .5 4) μg/L均显著升高 (P <0 .0 1)。胆囊黏膜从典型增生、非典型增生到胆囊癌的发展过程中sTNFR在血清 (1.11± 0 .2 8、1.5 3± 0 .3 2、2 .63± 0 .5 6)及胆汁中 (2 .5 0± 0 .81、3 .42±0 .87、10 .0 2± 3 .2 3 )逐级增高 (各组间P <0 .0 5 )。胆汁中sTNFR水平在胆囊癌Ⅰ～Ⅲ期 (8.3 6±2 .60 )与Ⅳ～Ⅴ期 (13 .3 3± 4.46)间差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 0 1) ,肿瘤直径≥ 2cm组 (12 .10± 2 .3 2 )与 <2cm组 (7.42± 2 .10 )间差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 )。胆汁中TNFR水平明显高于其对应的血清水平 ,两者之间呈正直线相关 (r =0 .875 ,P <0 .0 0 1)。胆囊癌术后血清sTNFR水平显著下降。结论　sTNFR参与胆囊结石致癌的过程 ,与胆囊癌的临床生物学特点密切相关。     

吡咯烷二硫氨基甲酸酯对大鼠重症急性胰腺炎的影响

目的　探讨核转录因子 (NF κB)抑制剂吡咯烷二硫氨基甲酸酯 (PDTC)对大鼠重症急性胰腺炎 (SAP)的影响。方法　将 3 6只Wistar大鼠随机分组 :假手术组 (n =6) ,假手术 静脉注射组 (n =6) ,SAP组 (n =12 )和试验组 (n =12 )。各组于造模 6h后 ,测定血清淀粉酶及脂肪酶含量 ,取胰腺组织进行病理学评分 ,采用免疫组织化学法检测NF κB激活水平及胰腺细胞凋亡情况。结果　SAP组和试验组的胰腺细胞内NF κB呈激活状态 ,存在胰腺细胞凋亡 ,与前两组差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1) ,试验组大鼠的胰腺组织病理学评分、血清淀粉酶及脂肪酶含量、NF κB激活及细胞凋亡水平与SAP组差异存在显著性 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　在SAP发病机制中 ,NF κB是多种炎症介质的始动因子 ,PDTC可以有效抑制胰腺细胞中NF κB的激活 ,促进胰腺细胞凋亡 ,减少胰酶释放 ,减轻胰腺组织的病理损害。     

TNF-α、LPS、IL-6、PAF与重症胸腹损伤凝血功能障碍的相关性研究

目的 探讨肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、内毒素(LPS)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和血小板活化因子(PAF)与重症胸腹创伤后凝血功能障碍的相关性与机制.方法 收集2009年1月-2012年6月在解放军第二五三医院急诊科就诊,创伤指数(TI)≥17分,排除合并颅脑损伤及在急诊死亡的胸腹创伤患者82例,在救治同时抽血检查血小板计数(PLT)、部分活化凝血酶原时间(APPT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、TNF-α、LPS、IL-6、PAF,对检验结果行相关性分析.结果 凝血功能检验结果:PLT:(83.44±38.52)×109/L),APTT:(68.24 ±24.12)S,PT:(28.42±10.83)S;损伤因子检测结果:TNF-α:(36.41±18.09) ng/mL,LPS:(343.66±106.02) IU/L,IL-6:(393.83±143.86) ng/mL,PAF:(15765.31±4431.65) ng/L.PLT与TNF-α、LPS、IL-6、PAF之间相关系数(r)均小于-0.8811,呈显著负相关.APTT、PT与TNF-α、LPS、IL-6、PAF之间r均大于0.9142,呈显著正相关.结论 TNF-α、LPS、IL-6、PAF可能参与了重症胸腹创伤凝血功能障碍的发生过程,对TNF-α、LPS、IL-6、PAF早期干预,或可改善胸腹创伤患者的凝血功能障碍.     

三叶因子1在大鼠草酸钙结石模型肾组织中的表达及其意义

目的 探讨三叶因子1(TFF1)在大鼠草酸钙结石模型肾组织中的表达及其与肾脏草酸钙结石形成机制的关系.方法 分别以1％的乙二醇溶液自由饮用和2％的NH4Cl溶液2 mL/d灌胃2周和4周;用偏光显微镜观察结石结晶形成情况;采用免疫组织化学染色法分别检测成石2周(n=20)、成石4周(n=20)和正常组(n=20)大鼠肾组织TFF1蛋白的表达.结果 TFF1免疫反应阳性物质主要位于肾小球、肾小管,与正常组比较,成石2周肾组织TFF1平均灰度值略下降(P＞0.05),成石4周平均灰度值明显降低(P＜0.05).结论 乙二醇诱导的大鼠草酸钙结石模型肾组织中TFF1低表达,伴随结石结晶数量和密度的增加,TFF1表达降低.TFF1在肾组织中的表达与乙二醇和NH4Cl干预的时限呈负相关;TFF1可能在肾草酸钙结石的形成中起抑制作用.